Install SysStat to enable system monitoring.
Sysstat is really a handy tool which comes with number of utilities to monitor system resources, their performance and usage activities. Number of utilities that we all use in our daily bases comes with sysstat package. It also provide the tool which can be scheduled using cron to collect all performance and activity data.
If you'd like to change some settings of SysStat, the configuration file is located like follows.
SysStat : How to use
To input sar command with specifying options like follows, it's possible to display logs. (refer to "man sar" for more details).
Display today's statics reports.
Display past statics with specifying a log file.
Log files are stored under the /var/log/sa directory.
Display current statics.
Sysstat is really a handy tool which comes with number of utilities to monitor system resources, their performance and usage activities. Number of utilities that we all use in our daily bases comes with sysstat package. It also provide the tool which can be scheduled using cron to collect all performance and activity data.
Following are the list of tools included in sysstat packages.
Sysstat Features
- iostat: Reports all statistics about your CPU and I/O statistics for I/O devices.
- mpstat: Details about CPUs (individual or combined).
- pidstat: Statistics about running processes/task, CPU, memory etc.
- sar: Save and report details about different resources (CPU, Memory, IO, Network, kernel etc..).
- sadc: System activity data collector, used for collecting data in backend for sar.
- sa1: Fetch and store binary data in sadc data file. This is used with sadc.
- sa2: Summaries daily report to be used with sar.
- Sadf: Used for displaying data generated by sar in different formats (CSV or XML).
- Sysstat: Man page for sysstat utility.
- nfsiostat-sysstat: I/O statistics for NFS.
- cifsiostat: Statistics for CIFS.
[root@hackthesec ~]# yum -y install sysstat [root@hackthesec ~]# systemctl start sysstat [root@hackthesec ~]# systemctl enable sysstat
[2] Logging is executed by cron's setting like follows.
* Logs are stored in /var/log/sa/sa** per 10 minutes with /usr/lib64/sa/sa1 command.
* The Statics of a day is generated at 23:53 every day to /var/log/sa/sar** with /usr/lib64/sa/sa2 command.
[root@hackthesec ~]# cat /etc/cron.d/sysstat
# Run system activity accounting tool every 10 minutes
*/10 * * * * root /usr/lib64/sa/sa1 1 1
# 0 * * * * root /usr/lib64/sa/sa1 600 6 &
# Generate a daily summary of process accounting at 23:53
53 23 * * * root /usr/lib64/sa/sa2 -A
[root@hackthesec ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/sysstat
# sysstat-10.1.5 configuration file.
# How long to keep log files (in days).
# If value is greater than 28, then log files are kept in
# multiple directories, one for each month.
HISTORY=28
# Compress (using gzip or bzip2) sa and sar files older than (in days):
COMPRESSAFTER=31
# Parameters for the system activity data collector (see sadc manual page)
# which are used for the generation of log files.
# *note
SADC_OPTIONS="-S DISK"
# *note : valid options
INT ⇒ System Interrupts
DISK ⇒ Block Devices
SNMP ⇒ SNMP statistics
IPV6 ⇒ IPv6 statistics
POWER ⇒ Power Management statistics
ALL ⇒ All of the above
XDISK ⇒ DISK + Partition statistics
XALL ⇒ All of the above (ALL + XDISK)
To input sar command with specifying options like follows, it's possible to display logs. (refer to "man sar" for more details).
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# CPU [root@hackthesec ~]# sar -u 01:10:01 AM CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 10:20:01 AM all 0.90 0.00 0.23 1.19 0.03 97.65 ... ... 01:30:01 PM all 0.04 0.00 0.06 0.14 0.04 99.72 Average: all 3.60 0.00 0.05 0.21 0.01 96.13 # memory [root@hackthesec ~]# sar -r 01:10:01 AM kbmemfree kbmemused %memused kbbuffers kbcached kbcommit %commit 10:20:01 AM 3681144 241544 6.16 10744 138392 83984 1.04 ... ... 01:40:01 PM 3663328 259360 6.61 14752 145988 87996 1.09 Average: 3666930 255758 6.52 13204 144710 88273 1.10 # I/O [root@hackthesec ~]# sar -b 01:10:01 AM tps rtps wtps bread/s bwrtn/s 10:20:01 AM 45.21 9.35 35.87 257.22 409.24 ... ... 01:40:01 PM 0.52 0.00 0.52 0.00 5.43 Average: 3.11 0.49 2.62 14.55 29.32 # network [root@hackthesec ~]# sar -n DEV 01:10:01 AM IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s 10:20:01 AM lo 1.04 1.04 0.09 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:20:01 AM eth0 7.48 4.48 10.06 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 ... ... 01:40:01 PM lo 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 01:40:01 PM eth0 0.05 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average: lo 0.08 0.08 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average: eth0 0.54 0.38 0.51 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 # load avarage [root@hackthesec ~]# sar -q 01:10:01 AM runq-sz plist-sz ldavg-1 ldavg-5 ldavg-15 10:20:01 AM 1 99 0.04 0.07 0.04 ... ... 01:30:01 PM 1 104 0.00 0.00 0.00 01:40:01 PM 1 101 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average: 1 102 0.11 0.08 0.06
Log files are stored under the /var/log/sa directory.
# display all statisc by a log file [root@hackthesec ~]# sar -A -f /var/log/sa/sa05 01:10:01 AM CPU %usr %nice %sys %iowait %steal %irq %soft %guest %idle 10:20:01 AM all 0.90 0.00 0.19 1.19 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.00 97.65 10:20:01 AM 0 0.96 0.00 0.19 1.27 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.00 97.51 ... ... 01:50:01 PM 125 3 4 0 0 0 02:00:01 PM 125 3 4 0 0 0 Average: 122 3 4 0 0 0 # display the load average with specifying times by a log file [root@hackthesec ~]# sar -q -s 11:00:00 -e 12:00:00 -f /var/log/sa/sa05 11:00:01 AM runq-sz plist-sz ldavg-1 ldavg-5 ldavg-15 11:10:01 AM 1 103 0.01 0.03 0.14 11:20:01 AM 1 102 0.01 0.01 0.06 11:30:01 AM 1 102 0.00 0.00 0.01 11:40:01 AM 1 101 0.00 0.00 0.00 11:50:01 AM 1 101 0.01 0.01 0.00 Average: 1 102 0.01 0.01 0.04
# display CPU utilization per a second 3 times [root@hackthesec ~]# sar -u 1 3 01:51:34 AM CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 01:51:35 AM all 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 99.50 01:51:36 AM all 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 99.50 01:51:37 AM all 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 Average: all 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.17 99.67 # display I/O and network per 2 seconds 5 times [root@hackthesec ~]# sar -b -n DEV 2 5 01:54:11 AM tps rtps wtps bread/s bwrtn/s 01:54:13 AM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 01:54:11 AM IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s 01:54:13 AM lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 01:54:13 AM eth0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ... ... 01:54:19 AM tps rtps wtps bread/s bwrtn/s 01:54:21 AM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 01:54:19 AM IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s 01:54:21 AM lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 01:54:21 AM eth0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average: tps rtps wtps bread/s bwrtn/s Average: 0.70 0.00 0.70 0.00 4.80 Average: IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s Average: lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average: eth0 0.20 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
SysStat packages includes other commands not only Sar command, so it's possible to display current statics with them like follows.
# display I/O with Mega bytes per 2 seconds [root@hackthesec ~]# iostat -mx -d 2 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rMB/s wMB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util vda 0.11 1.05 0.43 0.63 0.01 0.01 28.44 0.05 51.01 9.29 0.99 dm-0 0.00 0.00 0.48 1.65 0.01 0.01 14.05 0.20 95.25 4.64 0.99 dm-1 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.00 0.00 1.14 0.52 0.00 ... ... # display all CPU utilization per 2 seconds 3 times [root@hackthesec ~]# mpstat -P ALL 2 3 02:28:57 PM CPU %usr %nice %sys %iowait %irq %soft %steal %guest %idle 02:28:59 PM all 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 02:28:59 PM 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 99.50 02:28:59 PM 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 ... ... # display memory utilization of a process per a second 3 times [root@hackthesec ~]# pidstat -r -p 1202 1 3 02:34:07 PM PID minflt/s majflt/s VSZ RSS %MEM Command 02:34:08 PM 1202 0.00 0.00 175360 2456 0.06 httpd 02:34:09 PM 1202 0.00 0.00 175360 2456 0.06 httpd 02:34:10 PM 1202 0.00 0.00 175360 2456 0.06 httpd Average: 1202 0.00 0.00 175360 2456 0.06 httpd ... ... # display CIFS statics with Mega bytes per a 1 second 3 times [root@hackthesec ~]# cifsiostat -m 1 3 Filesystem: rB/s wB/s rops/s wops/s fo/s fc/s fd/s \\10.0.0.100\tmp 0.00 20.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ... ...
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