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How to Monitor Server Logs in Real-Time with "Log.io"

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Monitor Server Logs in Real-Time with "Log.io"</div>
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Log.io is a small application build on Node.js and Socket.io for monitoring real time Linux server logs through web interface. 
 
On RHEL/CentOS 7 
 
Install Epel repositories using the following command. 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">yum install http://fedora.mirrors.telekom.ro/pub/epel/7/x86_64/e/epel-release-7-2.noarch.rpm</pre>
On RHEL/CentOS 6 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">--------------------- On RHEL/CentOS 6.x - 32 Bit ---------------------
yum install http://fedora.mirrors.telekom.ro/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm</pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">--------------------- On RHEL/CentOS 6.x - 64 Bit ---------------------
yum install http://fedora.mirrors.telekom.ro/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm</pre>
After added the Epel repositories you can do a system upgrade by using following command line. 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">yum update</pre>
Now Install Node.js and NPM 
 
<a href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Node.Js">Node.js</a> is an open-source, cross-platform JavaScript run-time environment that executes <a href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Java">JavaScript </a>code server-side. Historically, JavaScript was used primarily for client-side scripting, in which scripts written in JavaScript are embedded in a webpage's HTML and run client-side by a JavaScript engine in the user's web browser. Node.js lets developers use JavaScript for server-side scripting—running scripts server-side to produce dynamic web page content before the page is sent to the user's web browser. Consequently, Node.js represents a "<a href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Java">JavaScript </a>everywhere" paradigm, unifying web application development around a single programming language, rather than different languages for server side and client side scripts.now install the nodejs using following command line. 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">curl --silent --location https://rpm.nodesource.com/setup_5.x | bash - 
yum install -y nodejs</pre>
Install and Configure Log.io Application 
Log.io application must be installed through NPM by specifying a valid local system user ( example - root) i recommend install this application through root user. now install the application using following command. 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">npm install -g log.io --user "root"</pre>
after the completed installation the application will create a folder which is hidden the folder name is "Log.io" in centos 7 the folder path is below 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">cd /root/.log.io
ls</pre>
after that you will see three file 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">harvester.conf, log_server.conf, web_server.conf  </pre>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuP1qRoNyiMnsgPnB-Ow6c5I1pgSS7YbymMqLT9Wj7uLnpBPeeEM8TDIfY81JpkCPL2ZaAu-rTcQ576SeX0QmR4eD8Qht30I1bvvCa7ujwrTOm3Kol2z99Ez0ubbbawS7nslknCIE5WL6Y/s1600/Log-io-hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="227" data-original-width="620" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuP1qRoNyiMnsgPnB-Ow6c5I1pgSS7YbymMqLT9Wj7uLnpBPeeEM8TDIfY81JpkCPL2ZaAu-rTcQ576SeX0QmR4eD8Qht30I1bvvCa7ujwrTOm3Kol2z99Ez0ubbbawS7nslknCIE5WL6Y/s1600/Log-io-hackthesec.co.in.jpg" /></a></div>
 
Now it's time to configure Log.io to monitor local log files in real time. 
 
- The harvester file is for watches the changes in specified local log files declared in its configuration and send new log to the server. - harvester.conf 
 
First open the harvester.conf file, by default you will see have some setting the monitor Apache log  
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">nano harvester.conf</pre>
my harvester.conf file below 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">exports.config = {
 nodeName: "application_server",
 logStreams: {
 apache: [
 "/var/log/httpd/access_log",
 "/var/log/httpd/error_log"
 ],
 SecureLog: [
 "/var/log/secure"
 ],
 MySqlLog: [
 "/var/log/mysqld.log"
 ]
 },
 server: {
 host: '0.0.0.0',
 port: 28777
 }
 }
</pre>
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Note - if you don't want to send the harvester output to a remote Log.io server then open harvester.conf file and replace 0.0.0.0 address with lookback address(127.0.0.1)</div>
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log_server.conf - This configuration is for tell the server on which ip address it should listen.By default it listens on all ip interfaces you can modify the ip address by using the following command </div>
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my log_server.conf file below</div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">nano log_server.conf</pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">exports.config = {
 host: '0.0.0.0',
 port: 28777
}</pre>
web_server.conf - This configuration file is for web interface. by default the web portal is accessible on port 28778(all interface). Also using this file you can increase the security by using HTTP authentication,securing the web interface with SSL, disallow logs from specific ip address and restricting the web interface access to the specific ip.  
 
my web_server.conf file below 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">nano web_server.conf</pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"> exports.config = {
 host: '0.0.0.0',
 port: 28778,

/*
  // Enable HTTP Basic Authentication
  auth: {
    user: "hackthesec",
    pass: "1234346"
  },
  */

/*
  // Enable HTTPS/SSL
  ssl: {
    key: '/path/to/privatekey.pem',
    cert: '/path/to/certificate.pem'
  },
  */

/*
  // Restrict access to websocket (socket.io)
  // Uses socket.io 'origins' syntax
  restrictSocket: '*:*',
  */

/*
  // Restrict access to http server (express)
  restrictHTTP: [
    "192.168.29.39",
    "10.0.*"
  ]
  */

}
</pre>
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Allow web interface and socket.io in the firewall for receiving the logs from the harvester.</div>
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<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">firewall-cmd --add-port=28778/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --add-port=28777/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload</pre>
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Start Log.io Application using following command line  
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">------ First start server in background ----
log.io-server &</pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">--- Start log harvester in background -----
log.io-harvester & </pre>
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After the server has been started open your browser and hit enter with your ip and the declared  port 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">example - http://192.168.2.253:28778</pre>
 
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To stop Log.io application run the following command. 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">pkill node</pre>
Log.io = https://github.com/NarrativeScience/Log.io 
http://logio.org/</div>

How to Monitor Server Logs in Real-Time with "Log.io"

Monitor Server Logs in Real-Time with "Log.io" Log.io is a small application build on Node.js and Socket.io for monitoring real time Linux server logs through web interface. On RHEL/CentOS 7 Install …

24 May 2018

How to install Kali Linux on the Windows

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Kali-Linux On Windows</div>
No, really…this isn't clickbait. For the past few weeks, we’ve been working with the Microsoft WSL team to get Kali Linux introduced into the Microsoft App Store as an official WSL distribution and today we’re happy to <a href="https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/commandline/2018/03/05/kali-linux-for-wsl/" style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">announce </a>the availability of the "Kali Linux" Windows application. For Windows 10 users, this means you can simply enable WSL, <a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/store/p/kali-linux/9pkr34tncv07" style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">search for Kali</a> in the Windows store, and install it with a single click. This is especially exciting news for penetration testers and security professionals who have limited toolsets due to enterprise compliance standards. 
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While running Kali on Windows has a few drawbacks to running it natively (such as the lack of raw socket support), it does bring in some very interesting possibilities, such as extending your security toolkit to include a whole bunch of command line tools that are present in Kali. We will update our blog with more news and updates regarding the development of this app as it’s released. 
 
We’d like to take this opportunity to thank the WSL team at Microsoft, and specifically @tara_msft and @benhillis for all the assistance and guidance with which this feat would not be possible. We hope you enjoy WSL’d Kali on Windows 10! 
 
 
And now, a quick guide on getting Kali installed from the Microsoft App Store: 
 
Getting Kali Linux Installed on WSL 
 
Here’s a quick description of the setup and installation process. For an easier copy / paste operation, these are the basic steps taken: 
 
 
1. Update your Windows 10 machine. Open an administrative PowerShell window and install the Windows Subsystem with this one-liner. A reboot will be required once finished. 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux</pre>
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2. Once rebooted, open the Windows App store and search for the "Kali Linux" application, or alternatively click here to go there directly. Install the app and enjoy Kali! 
Updating Kali Linux on WSL 
 
 
Updating Kali Linux on WSL is no different from any other instance of Kali: 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">apt-get update
apt-get dist-upgrade</pre>
Here’s a quick video of the process: 
 
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Installing Penetration Testing tools on Kali</div>
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Installing tools from the Kali Linux repository is usually done via apt commands. For example, to install the Metasploit Framework, you can simply:</div>
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<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">apt-get update
apt-get install metasploit-framework</pre>
</div>
 
 
Note: Some Kali tools are identified by antivirus software as malware. One way to deal with this situation is to allow antivirus exceptions on the directory in which the Kali chroot resides in. The following video walks you through this process: 
 
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Recovering from a failed Kali WSL instance</div>
Sometimes, you can inadvertently kill your Kali WSL instance, due to an overzealous command, an unintentional action, or even due to Kali or WSL bugs. If this happens, here is a quick recovery guide to get back on top of things. Note: this process will wipe your Kali WSL chroot, and re-extract a new copy. Any changes made to the filesystem will be gone, and reset to default. 
 
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Food for thought 
 
The availability of the Kali Linux platform and toolset on Windows 10 brings with it many exciting possibilities which we havent even begun to grasp – here’s one example that got us scratching our heads. While not officially supported by WSL yet, we’ve tested running a desktop manager such as XFCE on WSL’d Kali…and it seems to work quite well: 
 
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" mozallowfullscreen="" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/255052199?portrait=0&color=00adef" style="border-style: none; border-width: initial; box-sizing: border-box; height: 448.875px; left: 0px; max-width: 100%; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 798px;" webkitallowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>
</div>
 
 
Main Source - <a href="https://www.kali.org/news/kali-linux-in-the-windows-app-store/">https://www.kali.org/news/kali-linux-in-the-windows-app-store/</a> 
 </div>

How to install Kali Linux on the Windows

Kali-Linux On Windows No, really…this isn't clickbait. For the past few weeks, we’ve been working with the Microsoft WSL team to get Kali Linux introduced into the Microsoft App Store as an official …

03 Apr 2018

How to find files containing specific text in Linux

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<div style="text-align: center;">
Find files containing specific text in Linux</div>
 
Find files containing specific text using grep command 
grep is a command-line utility for searching plain-text data sets for lines that match a regular expression. Its name comes from the ed command g/re/p (globally search a regular expression and print), which has the same effect: doing a global search with the regular expression and printing all matching lines. Grep was originally developed for the Unix operating system, but later available for all Unix-like systems. 
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmSfa5gfpg7IHq5mo4T7SHu_Cl3baveLg-xsoRu3kxODgKyT2LN2J7nwZThgySbn7tR5rogvXIbYnjg4nDea8sLQazM9oEpGHniruu0_fTDG58SasIVf0NZWEmjyQ9w9UtlcmquEhNQRA/s1600/find-command-in-linux-hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="256" data-original-width="512" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmSfa5gfpg7IHq5mo4T7SHu_Cl3baveLg-xsoRu3kxODgKyT2LN2J7nwZThgySbn7tR5rogvXIbYnjg4nDea8sLQazM9oEpGHniruu0_fTDG58SasIVf0NZWEmjyQ9w9UtlcmquEhNQRA/s1600/find-command-in-linux-hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
 
grep command syntax 
 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">grep "text string to search” directory-path</pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">grep [option] "text string to search” directory-path</pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">grep -r "text string to search” directory-path</pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">grep -r -H "text string to search” directory-path</pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">egrep -R "word-1|word-2” directory-path</pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">egrep -w -R "word-1|word-2” directory-path</pre>
<div>
Find files containing specific text using grep command examples</div>
<div>
 </div>
<div>
In this example, we will search for 'PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START' in all configuration files located in /etc directory.</div>
<div>
 </div>
<div>
Now there's a small problem, depending on your Linux distro, Find command Syntax can be slightly different.</div>
<div>
 </div>
<div>
*If you know the exact location and directory you're after, then use</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">root@hackthesec:~# grep "PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" /etc/default/pulseaudio 
PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=1
</pre>
<div>
*If you know the exact directory with the files containing that specific text, then use</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">root@hackthesec:~# grep "PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" /etc/default/*
grep: /etc/default/kdm.d: Is a directory
/etc/default/pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=1
root@hackthesec:~#
</pre>
<div>
If you don't know the exact location of the file that contains the specific text you’re looking for, then you need to search all sub-directories recursively.</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">root@hackthesec:~# grep -r "PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" /etc/default/*
/etc/default/pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=1
root@hackthesec:~#</pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">root@hackthesec:~# grep -R "PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" /etc/default/*
/etc/default/pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=1
root@hackthesec:~#</pre>
</div>
<div>
Now what if you are searching through a massive file and there might be many outputs similar to what you’re looking for.. you might want to use --col flag to color code your output which searching files containing specific strings.</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">root@hackthesec:~# grep --col 'usb 1-1.4' /var/log/messages
Apr 4 09:14:25 kali kernel: [1191164.780496] usb 1-1.4: new low-speed USB device number 21 using ehci-pci
root@hackthesec:~#</pre>
</div>
<div>
Now I want to display all files with colorer output with containing specific text and instead of showing the whole content of the files</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">root@hackthesec:~# grep --col -r 'Linux version 3.14-kali1' /var/log/* | cut -d: -f1
/var/log/dmesg
/var/log/dmesg.0
/var/log/installer/syslog
root@hackthesec:~#</pre>
</div>
<div>
<div>
When you're using grep, depending on the commands used and permission you have on the system, you might see any of the following errors.</div>
<div>
 </div>
<div>
* Input/output error</div>
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* recursive directory loop</div>
<div>
* No such file or directory</div>
<div>
* No such device or address</div>
<div>
* Permission denied</div>
<div>
 </div>
<div>
If you want to hide all errors or warning message spamming your output window(specifically useful when you're trying to use grep on a script) generated by the grep command, append 2>/dev/null to grep command. This will send and hide unwanted output to /dev/null device:</div>
</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">root@hackthesec:~# grep -R "PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" /etc/* 2>/dev/null 
/etc/default/pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=1
/etc/init.d/pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=0
/etc/init.d/pulseaudio:if [ "$PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" != "1" ]; then
/etc/rc0.d/K01pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=0
/etc/rc0.d/K01pulseaudio:if [ "$PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" != "1" ]; then
/etc/rc1.d/K01pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=0
/etc/rc1.d/K01pulseaudio:if [ "$PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" != "1" ]; then
/etc/rc2.d/S20pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=0
/etc/rc2.d/S20pulseaudio:if [ "$PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" != "1" ]; then
/etc/rc3.d/S20pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=0
/etc/rc3.d/S20pulseaudio:if [ "$PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" != "1" ]; then
/etc/rc4.d/S20pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=0
/etc/rc4.d/S20pulseaudio:if [ "$PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" != "1" ]; then
/etc/rc5.d/S20pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=0
/etc/rc5.d/S20pulseaudio:if [ "$PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" != "1" ]; then
/etc/rc6.d/K01pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=0
/etc/rc6.d/K01pulseaudio:if [ "$PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" != "1" ]; then
root@hackthesec:~#</pre>
</div>
<div>
<div>
What if you're not sure about the case of the text you're after? You can use -i to ignore case.</div>
<div>
 </div>
<div>
Below example shows the difference between -i flag. First command didn’t find the text, second command did as we used -i flag to ignore case.</div>
</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">root@hackthesec:~# grep -r "pulseaudio_system_start" /etc/default/*
root@hackthesec:~# 
root@hackthesec:~# grep -i -r "pulseaudio_system_start" /etc/default/*
/etc/default/pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=1
root@hackthesec:~#</pre>
</div>
<div>
I always prefer using grep command with -r and --col flag in Debian Linux as -r complains less about permissions, files, directory etc. and of course some color helps on the eyes when you’re browsing through many lines.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdmES88qRq5q2S7T9eloxwGBj7Q_4TNKpHoxJrzaHNO5JFpsQd52ekNYQtKsk03EFGlHDRp9evGLye66Gs1H1pIHZBXSl4SbjLqVkCmN9OA-3D7lHu4C3YOmEHVFiqwADcA4237wkbdVk/s1600/How-to-find-files-containing-specific-text-in-Linux-hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="199" data-original-width="656" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdmES88qRq5q2S7T9eloxwGBj7Q_4TNKpHoxJrzaHNO5JFpsQd52ekNYQtKsk03EFGlHDRp9evGLye66Gs1H1pIHZBXSl4SbjLqVkCmN9OA-3D7lHu4C3YOmEHVFiqwADcA4237wkbdVk/s1600/How-to-find-files-containing-specific-text-in-Linux-hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
<div>
 </div>
<div>
 </div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">HackTheSec</a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>

How to find files containing specific text in Linux

Find files containing specific text in Linux Find files containing specific text using grep command grep is a command-line utility for searching plain-text data sets for lines that match a regular ex…

03 Apr 2018

Cryptmount – A Utility to Create Encrypted Filesystems in Linux

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cryptmount is a utility for GNU/Linux operating systems which allows an ordinary user to mount an encrypted filing system without requiring superuser privileges. It is aimed at Linux systems using the 2.6 kernel series or later. 
 
 
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://cryptmount.sourceforge.net/crypt-img.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="482" data-original-width="700" src="http://cryptmount.sourceforge.net/crypt-img.png" /></a></div>
 
Technical background 
 
There are currently two main approaches to using encrypted filesystems within the linux kernel: 
 
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>the cryptoloop device driver;</li>
<li>the device-mapper system, using the dm-crypt target.</li>
</ul>
 
The (older) cryptoloop system has grown in parallel with the loopback device-driver of 2.4 kernel series, but has now been superseded by the device-mapper capabilities of the 2.6 kernel series. The newer devmapper system offers a <a href="http://docs.linux.com/article.pl?sid=04/06/07/2036205&tid=72&tid=14&tid=35">cleaner organization</a> of encryption and device-access, and superior performance has <a href="http://deb.riseup.net/storage/encryption/dmcrypt">been noted</a>. Alternative user-space tools which allow individual files to be encrypted are also widely available, but allow some information about file sizes & organization to be exposed. 
 
With the older cryptoloop system, it was possible to describe all the details of an encrypted filesystem within /etc/fstab so that it could be configured completely by 'mount'. This meant that it was particularly easy to give any user permission to mount those encrypted filesystems simply by providing the 'user' option within /etc/fstab. 
 
With the newer device-mapper infrastructure, there are more stages involved in mounting an encrypted filing system, and neither does 'mount' currently allow this nor does the syntax of /etc/fstab lend itself to describing all the necessary filesystem parameters. This is especially so if the filesystem is stored in an ordinary file, which would require separate configuration of a loopback device and a devmapper target before the filesystem could be accessed. 
 
cryptmount was written to make it as easy for ordinary users to access encrypted filesystems on-demand using the newer devmapper mechansism as it was to use the older, now deprecated, cryptoloop methods. This offers the following advantages: 
 
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>access to improved functionality in the kernel</li>
<li>transparent support for filesystems stored on either raw disk partitions or loopback files</li>
<li></li>
<li style="font-size: 15px;">separate encryption of filesystem access keys, allowing access passwords to be changed without re-encrypting the entire filesystem</li>
<li>storing multiple encrypted filesystems within a single disk partition, using a designated subset of blocks for each</li>
<li>rarely used filesystems do not need to be mounted at system startup</li>
<li>un-mounting of each filesystem is locked so that this can only be performed by the user that mounted it, or the superuser</li>
<li>encrypted filesystems compatible with cryptsetup</li>
<li>encrypted access-keys can be chosen to be compatible with openssl, or managed via libgcrypt, or (for 2.0 release-series) built-in SHA1/Blowfish ciphers</li>
<li>support for encrypted swap partitions (superuser only)</li>
<li>support for setting up encrypted filesystems or crypto-swap at system boot-up</li>
</ul>
Install and Configure Cryptmount in Linux 
 
On Debian/Ubuntu distributions, you can install Cryptmount using the following command line 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">sudo apt install cryptmount</pre>
On RHEL/CentOS/Fedora distributions,install it from source. First start installing the required package(s) to successfully build and use cryptmount. 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">yum install device-mapper-devel</pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">yum groupinstall "Development tools"</pre>
Then download the latest Cryptmount source files. 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">wget https://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/cryptmount/cryptmount/cryptmount-5.2/cryptmount-5.2.4.tar.gz
tar -xzf cryptmount-5.2.4.tar.gz
cd cryptmount-5.2.4
./configure
make
make instal</pre>
 
After installation go for setup using bellow command line 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">cryptmount-setup</pre>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4_bf_zluIl3w2Tpa7Kj-r9HtLoen_02EXBU0bh0fZCpA9sXzYivNF0EIGcs7tNx4I95ID2E9k3NkajvFnLo8BGvbCj5ovWxGdVFnPo6EqmrnqtPihRHc-53-IqMBlBufcKWY8yQPfXWmF/s1600/crypt.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="729" data-original-width="872" height="534" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4_bf_zluIl3w2Tpa7Kj-r9HtLoen_02EXBU0bh0fZCpA9sXzYivNF0EIGcs7tNx4I95ID2E9k3NkajvFnLo8BGvbCj5ovWxGdVFnPo6EqmrnqtPihRHc-53-IqMBlBufcKWY8yQPfXWmF/s640/crypt.png" width="640" /></a></div>
 
Once the new encrypted filesystem is created, you can access it as follows (enter the name you specified for your target – hackthesec), you will be prompted to enter the password for the target. 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">cryptmount hackthesec
cd /home/crypt</pre>
To unmount the target run cd command to get out of the encrypted filesystem, then use the -u switch to unmount as shown. 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">cryptmount -u hackthesec</pre>
For more information you can use bellow command or you can visit cryptmount website  
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">man cryptmount
man cmtab </pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">Website - <a href="http://cryptmount.sourceforge.net/">http://cryptmount.sourceforge.net/</a></pre>
 
Troubleshooting in my case 
 
After installation i just received a error message from my ubuntu box 
"Taking backup of cryptmount master config-file (@ETCDIR@/cmtab.bckp-setup)...mv: cannot stat '@ETCDIR@/cmtab': No such file or directory" 
 
for this error just follow bellow commands  
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">root@new:~# which cryptmount-setup
/usr/sbin/cryptmount-setup
</pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">root@new:~# vi /usr/sbin/cryptmount-setup</pre>
<div>
 </div>
and 
 
Changed from:  
CM_CFGDIR="@ETCDIR@"  
 
Changed to:  
 
CM_CFGDIR="/etc/cryptmount"

Cryptmount – A Utility to Create Encrypted Filesystems in Linux

cryptmount is a utility for GNU/Linux operating systems which allows an ordinary user to mount an encrypted filing system without requiring superuser privileges. It is aimed at Linux systems using th…

20 Feb 2018

Open Source Disk Cloning/Backup Softwares for Linux

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<div style="text-align: center;">
Free Backup Tools to Clone Linux System Disk</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
 </div>
Clonezilla is a partition and disk imaging/cloning program similar to True Image® or Norton Ghost®. It helps you to do system deployment, bare metal backup and recovery. Two types of Clonezilla are available, Clonezilla live and Clonezilla SE (server edition). Clonezilla live is suitable for single machine backup and restore. While Clonezilla SE is for massive deployment, it can clone many (40 plus!) computers simultaneously. Clonezilla saves and restores only used blocks in the hard disk. This increases the clone efficiency. With some high-end hardware in a 42-node cluster, a multicast restoring at rate 8 GB/min was reported. 
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfGqfktDOlq1hInl-1uL8NMknuOcy0nS2Ut5hvoh5M8JA7mSpcCrPHIkCK3WycxNu-HF5WE2zr6q1GxSrNu4Wl_0KHiMI6VOKxZFUzq_lzLiukCGZ1En-ysSr3qRuErpirbNSRoFXmGNdj/s1600/maxresdefault.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfGqfktDOlq1hInl-1uL8NMknuOcy0nS2Ut5hvoh5M8JA7mSpcCrPHIkCK3WycxNu-HF5WE2zr6q1GxSrNu4Wl_0KHiMI6VOKxZFUzq_lzLiukCGZ1En-ysSr3qRuErpirbNSRoFXmGNdj/s640/maxresdefault.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
 
Features: 
Many File systems are supported: (1) ext2, ext3, ext4, reiserfs, reiser4, xfs, jfs, btrfs, f2fs and nilfs2 of GNU/Linux, (2) FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, NTFS of MS Windows, (3) HFS+ of Mac OS, (4) UFS of FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD, (5) minix of Minix, and (6) VMFS3 and VMFS5 of VMWare ESX. Therefore you can clone GNU/Linux, MS windows, Intel-based Mac OS, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Minix, VMWare ESX and Chrome OS/Chromium OS, no matter it's 32-bit (x86) or 64-bit (x86-64) OS. For these file systems, only used blocks in partition are saved and restored by Partclone. For unsupported file system, sector-to-sector copy is done by dd in Clonezilla. 
 
*LVM2 (LVM version 1 is not) under GNU/Linux is supported. 
 
*Boot loader, including grub (version 1 and version 2) and syslinux, could be reinstalled. 
 
*Both MBR and GPT partition formats of hard drive are supported. Clonezilla live also can be booted on a BIOS or uEFI machine. 
 
*Unattended mode is supported. Almost all steps can be done via commands and options. You can also use a lot of boot parameters to customize your own imaging and cloning. 
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZYt5Pqwii1PmH4y3v-UoSjPspg8VvFt-UBzEaw6r81DVgtzBVOhdoSFDjIf2G2O44nDESgLwka0U89fj1PjCcinPfc5oXFmKihWOn6p2589AzJKeOk5JqCb5UUwNiL1maKE8W4xwpIRQX/s1600/clonezilla.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZYt5Pqwii1PmH4y3v-UoSjPspg8VvFt-UBzEaw6r81DVgtzBVOhdoSFDjIf2G2O44nDESgLwka0U89fj1PjCcinPfc5oXFmKihWOn6p2589AzJKeOk5JqCb5UUwNiL1maKE8W4xwpIRQX/s1600/clonezilla.png" /></a></div>
 
*One image restoring to multiple local devices is supported. 
 
*Image could be encrypted. This is done with ecryptfs, a POSIX-compliant enterprise cryptographic stacked filesystem. 
 
*Multicast is supported in Clonezilla SE, which is suitable for massive clone. You can also remotely use it to save or restore a bunch of computers if PXE and Wake-on-LAN are supported in your clients. 
 
*The image file can be on local disk, ssh server, samba server, NFS server or WebDAV server. 
 
*AES-256 encryption could be used to secures data access, storage and transfer. 
 
*Based on Partclone (default), Partimage (optional), ntfsclone (optional), or dd to image or clone a partition. However, Clonezilla, containing some other programs, can save and restore not only partitions, but also a whole disk. 
 
 
*By using another free software drbl-winroll, which is also developed by us, the hostname, group, and SID of cloned MS windows machine can be automatically changed. 
You may download the latest version of Clonezilla <a href="http://clonezilla.org/downloads.php">here</a>. 
                                               <a href="http://clonezilla.org/downloads.php">DOWNLOAD</a> 
 
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dd (data duplicator) </h3>
Dd- Mighty Disk Destroyer. Many Admins fear and even cower when the letters DD are mentioned together DD can be your best friend. Being that you are a Linux Professional and or want to be a professional, you are sometimes faced with the need to clone, backup and or restore Hard Drive images On the Fly. Secondly, you many want to create backups of Hard Drives for future deployment. Lastly, sometimes you have a failing Hard Drive that needs to be migrated over to a good Hard Drive. 
 
dd command must be used with caution. This command is so powerful and could wipe your data if you use it the wrong way. 
 
 
For example: To clone disk 1 (/dev/sdb) to disk 2 (/dev/sda), use the following command: 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"># dd if=/dev/sdb of=/dev/sda status=progress</pre>
For More information about DD you can use bellow command from your terminal  
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"># man dd</pre>
Or you can visit this website : - <a href="https://www.howtoforge.com/linux-dd-command/">Link </a> 
 
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Partclone</h3>
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Partclone is a program similar to the well-known backup utility "Partition Image" a.k.a partimage. Partclone provides utilities to save and restore used blocks on a partition and is designed for higher compatibility of the file system by using existing libraries, e.g. e2fslibs is used to read and write the ext2 partition.</div>
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Partclone now supports ext2, ext3, ext4, hfs+, reiserfs, reiser4, btrfs, vmfs3, vmfs5, xfs, jfs, ufs, ntfs, fat(12/16/32), exfat, f2fs, nilfs. The available programs are:</div>
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partclone.btrfs</div>
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partclone.ext2, partclone.ext3, partclone.ext4</div>
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partclone.fat32, partclone.fat12, partclone.fat16</div>
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partclone.ntfs</div>
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partclone.exfat</div>
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partclone.hfsp</div>
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partclone.jfs</div>
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partclone.reiserfs</div>
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partclone.reiser4</div>
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partclone.ufs (with SU+J)</div>
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partclone.vmfs (v3 and v5)</div>
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partclone.xfs</div>
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partclone.f2fs</div>
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partclone.nilfs2</div>
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Partclone support local and remote ssh server to store the backup image. </div>
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<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"># partclone.ext4 -c -s /dev/sda1 -o ~/data1.img</pre>
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The command will backup an ext4 partition (/dev/sda1) to data1.img image file. To restore from an image file, use the following command:</div>
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<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"># partclone.ext4 -r -o /dev/sda1</pre>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://partclone.org/download/">Download Partclone</a> </div>
 
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Deepin Clone</h3>
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Deepin Clone is a tool to backup and restore developed by Deepin Technology. It supports to clone, backup and restore disk or partition. And works with Deepin Recovery to fix the boot, partition and so on.</div>
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Project Location:</div>
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Source Code Location: <a href="https://github.com/linuxdeepin/deepin-clone">https://github.com/linuxdeepin/deepin-clone</a></div>
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Beta Version Location: <a href="https://cr.deepin.io/#/admin/projects/deepin-clone">https://cr.deepin.io/#/admin/projects/deepin-clone</a></div>
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Redo Backup</h3>
Redo Bakcup is a Live CD tool to clone your drivers easily, Redo Backup is a free & Open Source Live System licensed under GPL 3 to do the job, Features are as the website says. 
 
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Easy graphical user interface boots from CD in less than a minute</li>
<li>No installation needed; runs from a CD-ROM or a USB stick</li>
<li>Saves and restores Windows and Linux machines</li>
<li>Automatically finds local network shares</li>
<li>Access your files even if you can't log in</li>
<li>Recover deleted pictures, documents, and other files</li>
<li>Internet access with a full-featured browser to download drivers</li>
<li>Live CD download size is only about 250MB</li>
</ul>
 
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://redobackup.org/download.php">Download Redo Backup</a></div>
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Mondo Rescue</h3>
Mondo is reliable. It backs up your GNU/Linux server or workstation to tape, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-R[W], DVD+R[W], NFS or hard disk partition. In the event of catastrophic data loss, you will be able to restore all of your data [or as much as you want], from bare metal if necessary. Mondo is in use by Lockheed-Martin, Nortel Networks, Siemens, HP, IBM, NASA's JPL, the US Dept of Agriculture, dozens of smaller companies, and tens of thousands of users. 
 
Mondo is comprehensive. Mondo supports LVM 1/2, RAID, ext2, ext3, ext4, JFS, XFS, ReiserFS, VFAT, and can support additional filesystems easily: just e-mail the mailing list with your request. It supports software raid as well as most hardware raid controllers. It supports adjustments in disk geometry, including migration from non-RAID to RAID. It supports BIOS and UEFI boot modes. Mondo runs on all major Linux distributions (Fedora, RHEL, OpenSUSE, SLES, Mageia, Debian, Ubuntu, Gentoo) and is getting better all the time. You may even use it to backup non-Linux partitions, such as NTFS. 
 
Mondo is free! It has been published under the GPL v2 (GNU Public License), partly to expose it to thousands of potential beta-testers but mostly as a contribution to the Linux community. 
 
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<a href="http://www.mondorescue.org/downloads.shtml">Download Mondo </a></div>
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doClone</h3>
DoClone is a free project developed in C++ for creating or restoring GNU/Linux systems images. It can also work on a LAN to transfer data within computers. This tool provides an easy way to manage the GNU/Linux installation in offices or schools, including machines with different hardware, e.g., different hard-disk sizes, using only the space required by the data. 
Features are as the website says. 
 
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Supports 12 filesystems.</li>
<li>Supports 9 disk labels.</li>
<li>Clones disks or partitions with different sizes.</li>
<li>Clones selinux systems.</li>
<li>GRUB boot loader restoration.</li>
<li>Multiple cloning on a LAN.</li>
<li>UUID's and filesystem labels cloning.</li>
<li>Live cloning: a system can make images of itself.</li>
</ul>
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This program is free software and is distributed under the GNU GPL v3 License.</div>
 
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Latest version is 0.8.0:  <a href="http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/doclone/doclone-0.8.0.tar.gz" style="border: 0px none; color: #45639f; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Download</a></div>
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<a href="http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/doclone/" style="border: 0px none; color: #45639f; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Explore the download directory</a></div>
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Open Source Disk Cloning/Backup Softwares for Linux

Free Backup Tools to Clone Linux System Disk Clonezilla is a partition and disk imaging/cloning program similar to True Image® or Norton Ghost®. It helps you to do system deployment, bare metal backu…

20 Feb 2018

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