Hack The Sec-Leading Resource Of Linux Tutorial: Apache

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<span style="color: #660000;">HWhat is ModSecurity and How to Install with Apache on CentOS/RHEL</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ModSecurity</span> is a Web Application Firewall that execute as a Module on your Web Server and provides protection against various attacks to our web applications. It monitors HTTP traffic and performs real time analysis. It’s a product developed by Breach Security and is available a free software under the GNU License. It is Available for <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Apache</span>, <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nginx</span> and <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">IIS</span>.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIoA499Ma1AO7UoQJ1jYy6gpUyDZ55sYYLDG8AzhzkuZOeX0umVxETvYnUT3dJ-TuG0Ut1TXMDs5Lr6kknG7Z0X3YWrMxb1DC5F6rdQpN0CP9hrafCs1JkYTz1N1yT2fG25_J1xZUzhXQ/s1600/ModSecurity-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="166" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIoA499Ma1AO7UoQJ1jYy6gpUyDZ55sYYLDG8AzhzkuZOeX0umVxETvYnUT3dJ-TuG0Ut1TXMDs5Lr6kknG7Z0X3YWrMxb1DC5F6rdQpN0CP9hrafCs1JkYTz1N1yT2fG25_J1xZUzhXQ/s640/ModSecurity-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Module has several features.</span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><ul style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; list-style: disc; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Filtered Request:</span> The incoming HTTP Request or analyzed by the ModSecurity Module before passing it to the Web Service, these request are compared against a group of predefined rules to take the appropriate action.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Anti-Evasion Techniques:</span> Routes and Parameters are normalized before the analysis to prevent evasion techniques.</span></li>
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<li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Eliminates multiple bars (//)</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Eliminates directories referenced by itself (./)</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In Windows the \ and / are treated the same</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">URL Decoding</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Null Bytes replaced for spaces ()</span></li>
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<li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">HTTP protocol Understanding:</span> by understanding the HTTP Protocol, ModSecurity can perform specific and granular filtering.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Post Payload Analysis:</span> intercepts and analyse content transmitted using POST.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Audit Log:</span> It is possible to leave logs for further analysis.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">HTTPS Filtering:</span> since it works as an embedded module, ModSecurity has access to data after it has been decrypted.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Byte Range Check:</span> it detects and block Shellcodes, limiting the range of bytes.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Real Time Monitoring:</span> Besides logging all the HTTP Traffic, ModSecurity can monitor traffic in real time to detect attacks, meaning it works as an intrusion detection tool.</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">From Version 2 ModSecurity</span> added several additional functionality that are:</span></div>
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<li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Five phases of processing: Request header, Request Body. Response headers. Response Body and Logging</span></li>
<li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Rules Transformation options</span></li>
<li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Transactional variables</span></li>
<li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Persistent Data ( Used of IP follow up, Application Sesions and users)</span></li>
<li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">XML Support</span></li>
<li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">IP Blocking</span></li>
<li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.modsecurity.org/" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">And More</a>,</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ModSecurity can be deployed and integrated in our current Web Servers infrastructure, meaning that we do not have to modify our internal Network, we don’t add any point of failure, we can benefit from load balancing and scalability and we would not have any issues with compress or encrypted Data.<br />ModSecurity is a valuable security tool and have proven to be effective. If we want to protect our web applications this is a tool the deserves your attention.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">How to Install ModSecurity and Get it Running in Linux CentOS/RHEL with Apache</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">To install ModSecurity in a Linux Server running Centos or RHEL Derivative with the Apache web Service, we follow these steps as the root user.</span></div>
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Step 1: Install the EPEL Repository</h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Firstly add the EPEL rpm repository in your system using following command.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"># rpm –ivh http://fedora.mirror.uber.com.au/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-7.noarch.rpm
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Step 2: Install ModSecurity and Predefined Rules</h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Let’s install mod_security apache modules with predefined rules of mod_security.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"># yum install mod_security mod_security_crs
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Step 3: Activate the Module</h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Edit ModSecurity configuration file <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/etc/httpd/conf.d/mod_security.conf</span> and look for the<span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">SecRuleEngine</span> Directive on the File and configured with the Desired Value.</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><ul style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; list-style: disc; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">On </span>– Rules are activated<br /><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Off </span>– Rules are Deactivated<br /><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">DetectionOnly</span> – Only Intercepts and logs Transactions</span></ul>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Since we want to Intercept and Block Attacks we configure it with <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">On</span>.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"> SecRuleEngine <orange style="color: orange;">on</orange>
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Step 4: Restart Apache and Check</h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Now we restart the apache web services</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"># service httpd restart
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">To confirm that our web application firewall is working we should see something like this in our Apache error logs.</span></div>
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[Sat Mar15 16 09:20:58 2014] [notice] ModSecurity for Apache/2.7.3 (http://www.modsecurity.org/) configured.
[Sat Mar15 16 09:20:58 2014] [notice] ModSecurity: APR compiled version=”1.3.9″; loaded version=”1.3.9″
[Sat Mar15 16 09:20:58 2014] [notice] ModSecurity: PCRE compiled version=”7.8 “; loaded version=”7.8 2008-09-05″
[Sat Mar15 16 09:20:58 2014] [notice] ModSecurity: LUA compiled version=”Lua 5.1″
[Sat Mar15 16 09:20:58 2014] [notice] ModSecurity: LIBXML compiled version=”2.7.6″
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">Important files to Remember</span></h2>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><ul style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; list-style: disc; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mod Security Config File</span> – /etc/httpd/conf.d/mod_security.conf<br /><span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Debug Log</span> – /var/log/httpd/modsec_debug.log<br /><span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Audit log</span> – /var/log/httpd/modsec_audit.log<br /><span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Rules</span> – /etc/httpd/modsecurity.d/activated_rules</span></ul>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">References:<br /><a href="https://www.modsecurity.org/" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">https://www.modsecurity.org/</a><br /><a href="https://www.modsecurity.org/projects/modsecurity/apache/index.html" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">https://www.modsecurity.org/projects/modsecurity/apache/index.html</a></span></div>
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What is ModSecurity and How to Install with Apache on CentOS/RHEL

HWhat is ModSecurity and How to Install with Apache on CentOS/RHEL ModSecurity is a Web Application Firewall that execute as a Module on your Web Server and provides protection against various attack…