Hack The Sec-Leading Resource Of Linux Tutorial: Ubuntu

How to Install Jitsi Meet on Ubuntu 22.04

<p> <b style="font-size: x-large; text-align: center;"><u> How to Install Jitsi Meet on Ubuntu 22.04</u></b></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Jitsi is a collection of free and open-source multiplatform voice (VoIP), video conferencing and instant messaging applications for the Web platform, Windows, Linux, macOS, iOS and Android. The Jitsi project began with the Jitsi Desktop (previously known as SIP Communicator). With the growth of WebRTC, the project team focus shifted to the Jitsi Videobridge for allowing web-based multi-party video calling. Later the team added Jitsi Meet, a full video conferencing application that includes web, Android, and iOS clients. Jitsi also operates meet.jit.si, a version of Jitsi Meet hosted by Jitsi for free community use. Other projects include: Jigasi, lib-jitsi-meet, Jidesha, and Jits</span></p><p><b><u><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Prerequisites</span></u></b></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Ubuntu 22.04 server installed on your system.<br />Valid domain name pointed to your server IP.<br />A root user or a user with sudo privileges.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">First, you will need to update all your system packages to the latest version. You can update all the packages using the following command.</span></p><div><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><code class="language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">[<a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none;">root@hackthesec</a> ~]# </code><span style="color: #f8f8f2; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Andale Mono, monospace;"><span style="font-size: 14.7456px;">apt update -y</span></span></pre><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;">[<a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; text-decoration-line: none; word-spacing: normal;">root@hackthesec</a><span style="color: #f8f8f2; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; word-spacing: normal;"> ~]# </span><span style="color: #f8f8f2; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Andale Mono, monospace;"><span style="font-size: 14.7456px;">apt upgrade -y</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="white-space: normal;"></span></span></pre></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">After updating all the packages, install all the required dependencies using the following command.</span></div><div><br /></div><div><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><code class="language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">[<a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none;">root@hackthesec</a> ~]# </code><span style="color: #f8f8f2; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Andale Mono, monospace;"><span style="font-size: 14.7456px;">apt install curl gnupg2 wget -y</span></span></pre></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Once all the packages are installed, download and import the Jitsi Meet GPG key with the following command.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><code class="language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">[<a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none;">root@hackthesec</a> ~]# </code><span style="color: #f8f8f2; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Andale Mono, monospace;"><span style="font-size: 14.7456px;">curl https://download.jitsi.org/jitsi-key.gpg.key -o jitsi-key.gpg.key
gpg --output /usr/share/keyrings/jitsi-key.gpg --dearmor jitsi-key.gpg.key</span></span></pre></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Next, create a source list file for Jitsi using the following command and edit it with any editor in our case we are using nano.</span></div><div><br /></div><div><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><code class="language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">[<a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none;">root@hackthesec</a> ~]# </code><span style="color: #f8f8f2; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Andale Mono, monospace;"><span style="font-size: 14.7456px;">nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/jitsi-stable.list</span></span></pre></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Add the Jitsi Meet repository as shown below.</span></div><div><br /></div><div><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><code class="language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">[<a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none;">root@hackthesec</a> ~]# </code><span style="color: #f8f8f2; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Andale Mono, monospace;"><span style="font-size: 14.7456px;">deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/jitsi-key.gpg] https://download.jitsi.org stable/</span></span></pre></div><div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Press Ctrl+O to save the changes, then Ctrl+X to exit nano.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Next, you will also need to import the Prosody GPG key. You can download and import it with the following command.</span></div></div><div><br /></div><div><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><code class="language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">[<a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none;">root@hackthesec</a> ~]# </code><span style="color: #f8f8f2; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Andale Mono, monospace;"><span style="font-size: 14.7456px;">curl https://prosody.im/files/prosody-debian-packages.key -o prosody-debian-packages.key
gpg --output /usr/share/keyrings/prosody-keyring.gpg --dearmor prosody-debian-packages.key</span></span></pre></div><div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Then, create a sources list file for Prosody with the following command edit it with any editor in our case we are using nano.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><code class="language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">[<a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none;">root@hackthesec</a> ~]# nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/prosody.list</code></pre></div></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Add the following line.</span></div><div><span style="color: #f8f8f2; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Andale Mono, monospace;"><span style="font-size: 14.7456px;"><br /></span></span></div><div><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><code class="language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">[<a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none;">root@hackthesec</a> ~]# deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/prosody-keyring.gpg] http://packages.prosody.im/debian jammy main</code></pre></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Press Ctrl+O to save the changes, then Ctrl+X to exit nano.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><b><u><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">Install Jitsi Meet</span></u></b></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Now, you install the Jitsi Meet package by running the following command.</span></div><div><br /></div><div><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><code class="language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">[<a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none;">root@hackthesec</a> ~]# apt install jitsi-meet -y</code></pre></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">During the Jitsi Meet installation, you will be asked to provide your domain name as shown below.</span></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwTRxSqx-04Hpkmj51u47d27U1NUvi2cQNgrVUkQyyIespiYXfgRn-PqGRjBsjPeK2y0fio55a63THWkcTDnfe-lHLgAyK4KlC6HSUW_V0oXInY6emoTd_5AisWTWYUfqO6PSg6LFsxKYB0xVsvSasHrP6dXLK9rgsr9oKUqtBZ-0AfqcwO9QPj5eq/s1322/hackthesec_1.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="515" data-original-width="1322" height="249" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwTRxSqx-04Hpkmj51u47d27U1NUvi2cQNgrVUkQyyIespiYXfgRn-PqGRjBsjPeK2y0fio55a63THWkcTDnfe-lHLgAyK4KlC6HSUW_V0oXInY6emoTd_5AisWTWYUfqO6PSg6LFsxKYB0xVsvSasHrP6dXLK9rgsr9oKUqtBZ-0AfqcwO9QPj5eq/w640-h249/hackthesec_1.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Provide your valid domain name and press the OK button. You will be asked to select the SSL certificate as shown below.</span></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDPuAXBKQd8AwUgRxBO0ZQekz-KetI4iMmf1of6QkSemFQ4Pp0D8dgiodgjr_WilfxgVWmcm6joXNNAh4DdxHko-RHBci5cc1_zinz_VjHA5NIhXOHXwD9DA6EI4B1afBGF1I013MoQ-JizPZxLrENpyftDKNZcTdErMPN_AY21VtgfFvYtsVqnYZl/s1320/hackthesec_2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="517" data-original-width="1320" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDPuAXBKQd8AwUgRxBO0ZQekz-KetI4iMmf1of6QkSemFQ4Pp0D8dgiodgjr_WilfxgVWmcm6joXNNAh4DdxHko-RHBci5cc1_zinz_VjHA5NIhXOHXwD9DA6EI4B1afBGF1I013MoQ-JizPZxLrENpyftDKNZcTdErMPN_AY21VtgfFvYtsVqnYZl/w640-h250/hackthesec_2.png" width="640" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkQ3n3FFy6ZV_XWNq6wTNzz2R6ZMM022oxsmSDV3aa9pvryMnRE2NogZYI8vl7nHUVY2u6hSbnW-zWnEqfUuVrpyaJSwMl5Q3f3bNkj47QKt8T0T6LfCasitDZFar_I_MNJyvzIzc-biKVhxcSY_C9k3apWPm8_36cwgy5kd2r-sJhpFARn3728IpP/s1322/hackthesec_3.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="520" data-original-width="1322" height="252" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkQ3n3FFy6ZV_XWNq6wTNzz2R6ZMM022oxsmSDV3aa9pvryMnRE2NogZYI8vl7nHUVY2u6hSbnW-zWnEqfUuVrpyaJSwMl5Q3f3bNkj47QKt8T0T6LfCasitDZFar_I_MNJyvzIzc-biKVhxcSY_C9k3apWPm8_36cwgy5kd2r-sJhpFARn3728IpP/w640-h252/hackthesec_3.png" width="640" /></a></div><div><br /></div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Select the Let’s Encrypt SSL and click on the Ok button. You will be asked to provide your email address as shown below.</span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKndTi6ARejPFM0MSWYSjGS-0Bz70ci0zYkF03Gbf2-PXMv7AmOl0nX8tND9B8A7av-1zUwiOpIg33yVNF962kga8EuBuM3iUzvfleLrNIKtCdzx9kYBUsvq5AtPO5Yo6n30MU_InIVfaIGmFlKTOM4WT9oyxofIBc_Dnq0ntwBvPx5BZBAVXaLedY/s1327/hackthesec_4.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="518" data-original-width="1327" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKndTi6ARejPFM0MSWYSjGS-0Bz70ci0zYkF03Gbf2-PXMv7AmOl0nX8tND9B8A7av-1zUwiOpIg33yVNF962kga8EuBuM3iUzvfleLrNIKtCdzx9kYBUsvq5AtPO5Yo6n30MU_InIVfaIGmFlKTOM4WT9oyxofIBc_Dnq0ntwBvPx5BZBAVXaLedY/w640-h250/hackthesec_4.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div><br /><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Provide your email address and press the Ok button. You will be asked to enable dial in support as shown below.</span></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxYPCRIk_15N2w6nTtmfXF3eS_9a8JQp1CVShapODnstaOu8rKwTklZ72yl3JZpecTCxAcnjYtKJnzBw2KRmbBd98srikVIvgHqjOQoTGSHV0AiXdYLggTglXGVtnf0Bq2AHqItiwLuXQQlsO387tlgK_avDqFyVl3NIu__32J-ERC9PnTjF5ld-8C/s1327/hackthesec_5.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="518" data-original-width="1327" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxYPCRIk_15N2w6nTtmfXF3eS_9a8JQp1CVShapODnstaOu8rKwTklZ72yl3JZpecTCxAcnjYtKJnzBw2KRmbBd98srikVIvgHqjOQoTGSHV0AiXdYLggTglXGVtnf0Bq2AHqItiwLuXQQlsO387tlgK_avDqFyVl3NIu__32J-ERC9PnTjF5ld-8C/w640-h250/hackthesec_5.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Click on the No button to finish the installation.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div></div><div><b><u><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Enable Authentication on Jitsi Meet</span></u></b></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">By default, anyone can access the Jitsi Meet and create conference rooms. For security reasons, it is a good idea to secure the Jisti Meet with password authentication.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">To enable the password authentication, edit the Jisti Meet configuration file. We are using nano editor to edit the file - /etc/prosody/conf.avail/jitsi.hackthesec.co.in.cfg.lua</span></div></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><code class="language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">[<a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none;">root@hackthesec</a> ~]# nano /etc/prosody/conf.avail/jitsi.hackthesec.co.in.cfg.lua</code></pre></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Change the following line:</span></div><div><br /></div><div><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><code class="language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">authentication = "internal_plain"</code></pre></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Next, add the following lines at the end of the file.</span></div><div><br /></div><div><div><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><span style="color: #f8f8f2; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Andale Mono, monospace;"><span style="font-size: 14.7456px;">VirtualHost "guest.meet.hackthesec.co.in"
authentication = "anonymous"
c2s_require_encryption = false
modules_enabled = {
        "bosh";
        "ping";
        "pubsub";
        "speakerstats";
        "turncredentials";
        "conference_duration";
}</span></span>
</pre></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Press Ctrl+O to save the changes, then Ctrl+X to exit nano.</span></div><div></div></div><div><br /></div><div><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><code class="language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">[<a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none;">root@hackthesec</a> ~]# nano /etc/jitsi/meet/jitsi.hackthesec.co.in-config.js</code></pre></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Change the following line.</span></div><div><br /></div><div><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><code class="language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">anonymousdomain: 'guest.jitsi.hackthesec.co.in',</code></pre></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Press Ctrl+O to save the changes, then Ctrl+X to exit nano. Next, create another configuration file.</span><br /><br /></div></div><div><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><code class="language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">[<a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none;">root@hackthesec</a> ~]# </code><span style="color: #f8f8f2; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Andale Mono, monospace;"><span style="font-size: 14.7456px;">nano /etc/jitsi/jicofo/sip-communicator.properties</span></span></pre></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Add the following line.</span></div><div><br /></div><div><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><code class="language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">org.jitsi.jicofo.auth.URL=XMPP:jitsi.hackthesec.co.in</code></pre></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Press Ctrl+O to save the changes, then Ctrl+X to exit nano then create a user for Jitsi Meet with the following command.</span></div><div><br /></div><div><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><code class="language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">prosodyctl register user jitsi.hackthesec.co.in yourpassword</code></pre></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">You will see the below output into the terminal</span></div><div><br /></div><div><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><span style="color: #f8f8f2; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Andale Mono, monospace;"><span style="font-size: 14.7456px;">general             warn        Lua 5.1 has several issues and support is being phased out, consider upgrading</span></span></pre></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Now restart the Jitsi Meet services to apply the configuration.</span></div><div><br /></div><div><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><code class="language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">[<a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none;">root@hackthesec</a> ~]# systemctl restart prosody.service jicofo.service jitsi-videobridge2.service</code></pre></div><div><span style="color: red; font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><u>Access Jitsi Meet Web UI</u></span></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Jitsi Meet is installed now and secured with password based authentication. You can now access the Jitsi Meet using the URL <a href="https://meet.hackthesec.co.in">https://meet.hackthesec.co.in</a>. You should see the following screen.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiH-cAjNmhb0wcDHoJw51QqYuNOUIFIlUL_KZog8xvOqHy4b0XuJ6cNQ9gUvhn2l3UEhY7aZINKesQtNGpndCLBZLyHXHnuPDFFNvGpMMjOV-BLpXicJRw0WguerWdSSf6yrgO7rkbTJXcVRnu4gESRhfB6LonM8YvAPBoIqQf9o5pXld2wJMDMs79F/s1696/hackthesec_6.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="927" data-original-width="1696" height="350" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiH-cAjNmhb0wcDHoJw51QqYuNOUIFIlUL_KZog8xvOqHy4b0XuJ6cNQ9gUvhn2l3UEhY7aZINKesQtNGpndCLBZLyHXHnuPDFFNvGpMMjOV-BLpXicJRw0WguerWdSSf6yrgO7rkbTJXcVRnu4gESRhfB6LonM8YvAPBoIqQf9o5pXld2wJMDMs79F/w640-h350/hackthesec_6.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div>@hackthesecurity</div>

How to Install Jitsi Meet on Ubuntu 22.04

How to Install Jitsi Meet on Ubuntu 22.04 Jitsi is a collection of free and open-source multiplatform voice (VoIP), video conferencing an...

Setting Up a Port Forwarding Using Uncomplicated Firewall(UFW)

<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b><u><br />Setting Up a Port Forwarding Using Uncomplicated Firewall(UFW)</u></b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">The Linux kernel in Ubuntu provides a packet filtering system called netfilter, and the traditional interface for manipulating netfilter are the iptables suite of commands. iptables provide a complete firewall solution that is both highly configurable and highly flexible.</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnwJqO5t-cjYlTKJwDUOWpBE6hpcStrXARypGodCji4qUFUgtg2ocsVUHZGm_VaZJARKMRjmnlgIDhOUHWEO5wTG0-oclNxRCZpvAiHMjuATmAULsaXKwqEUTKSxNrB7g385tyZmzbc_ZT/s577/firewall_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="359" data-original-width="577" height="199" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnwJqO5t-cjYlTKJwDUOWpBE6hpcStrXARypGodCji4qUFUgtg2ocsVUHZGm_VaZJARKMRjmnlgIDhOUHWEO5wTG0-oclNxRCZpvAiHMjuATmAULsaXKwqEUTKSxNrB7g385tyZmzbc_ZT/s320/firewall_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Becoming proficient in iptables takes time, and getting started with netfilter firewalling using only iptables can be a daunting task. As a result, many frontends for iptables have been created over the years, each trying to achieve a different result and targeting a different audience.</span></p><p></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">The Uncomplicated Firewall (ufw) is a frontend for iptables and is particularly well-suited for host-based firewalls. ufw provides a framework for managing netfilter, as well as a command-line interface for manipulating the firewall. ufw aims to provide an easy to use interface for people unfamiliar with firewall concepts, while at the same time simplifies complicated iptables commands to help an administrator who knows what he or she is doing. ufw is an upstream for other distributions and graphical frontends.</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><b><u>Setting Up a Port Forward</u></b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">We are going to forward incoming traffic on the port 8000 to 8081</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><b>Enabling UFW:</b> If not already enabled, start by enabling UFW. Run the following command in the terminal:</span></p><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 15.36px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><code class="language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">[<a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none;">root@hackthesec</a> ~]# sudo ufw enable</code></pre><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Open the UFW configuration file: To set up port forwarding, you must edit the UFW configuration file, <b>located at /etc/default/ufw</b>.</span><span style="font-size: large;">    </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">We mostly proffered Nano editor  </span></p><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 15.36px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><code class="language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">[<a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none;">root@hackthesec</a> ~]# sudo nano /etc/default/ufw</code></pre><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Enable packet forwarding: In the UFW configuration file, find the line that says </span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><b>DEFAULT_FORWARD_POLICY="DROP" </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Change DROP to ACCEPT so it looks like this: </span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><b>DEFAULT_FORWARD_POLICY="ACCEPT" </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">This change allows UFW to forward packets, which is necessary for port forwarding.</span></p><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 15.36px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><code class="language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">[<a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none;">root@hackthesec</a> ~]# DEFAULT_FORWARD_POLICY="ACCEPT"</code></pre><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"></span></p><p><span style="color: #0a0a0a; font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: 17px;">Press <b>Ctrl+O</b> to save the changes, then <b>Ctrl+X </b>to exit nano.</span></span></p><p><span style="color: #0a0a0a; font-size: 17px;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b>Modify UFW’s before rules:</b> UFW uses a set of "<b>before rules</b>" that are executed before the standard rules. These before rules can be used to set up port forwarding. </span></span></p><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 15.36px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><code class="language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">[<a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none;">root@hackthesec</a> ~]# sudo nano /etc/ufw/before.rules </code></pre><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Add the following lines at the end of the file, replacing <your-ip> with the IP address of the machine where the packets will be forwarded:</span></p><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><span style="color: #f8f8f2; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Andale Mono, monospace;"><span style="font-size: 14.7456px;"># NAT table rules
*nat
:POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0]
 
# Forward traffic from port 8000 to port 8081.
-A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 8000 -j DNAT --to-destination <your-ip>:8081
 
# Don’t masquerade local traffic.
-A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.1.0/24 -j MASQUERADE
 
COMMIT</span></span></pre><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: #0a0a0a; font-size: 17px;">Press </span><b style="color: #0a0a0a; font-size: 17px;">Ctrl+O</b><span style="color: #0a0a0a; font-size: 17px;"> to save the changes, then </span><b style="color: #0a0a0a; font-size: 17px;">Ctrl+X </b><span style="color: #0a0a0a; font-size: 17px;">to exit nano.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Restart UFW: Finally, for the changes to take effects</span></p><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 15.36px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><code class="language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">[<a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none;">root@hackthesec</a> ~]# sudo ufw disable 
[<a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none; word-spacing: normal;">root@hackthesec</a><span style="word-spacing: normal;"> ~]# </span>sudo ufw enable </code></pre><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">@hackthesecurity</span></p>

Setting Up a Port Forwarding Using Uncomplicated Firewall(UFW)

Setting Up a Port Forwarding Using Uncomplicated Firewall(UFW) The Linux kernel in Ubuntu provides a packet filtering system called netfilte...

How To Install phpMyAdmin on Ubuntu 22.04

<p style="text-align: center;"><b><u><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"> How To Install phpMyAdmin on Ubuntu 22.04</span></u></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">PhpMyAdmin is a free and open source administration tool for MySQL and MariaDB. It's an excellent tool for browsing, editing, creating, and dropping tables, as well as modifying columns and data. You don't need to login into execute any query from the MySQL command line.  As a portable web application written primarily in PHP, it has become one of the most popular MySQL administration tools, especially for web hosting services.</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><b>Step 1 – Install Apache and PHP</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">We are assuming you already have installed the MySQL server on Ubuntu system if you haven't then <a href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/05/how-to-install-mysql-server-on-ubuntu.html" target="_blank">install from here </a>So just install the other required packages to run and access phpMyAdmin.</span></p><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><code class="language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">[<a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none;">root@hackthesec</a> ~]# </code>sudo apt install apache2 wget unzip</span></pre><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><code class="language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">[<a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none;">root@hackthesec</a> ~]# </code>sudo apt install php php-zip php-json php-mbstring php-mysql </span></pre><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Once the installation is finished, enable and start the Apache web server.</span></p><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><code class="language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">[<a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none;">root@hackthesec</a> ~]# </code>sudo systemctl enable apache2 </span></pre><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><code class="language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">[<a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none;">root@hackthesec</a> ~]# </code>sudo systemctl start apache2 </span></pre><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Step 2 – Install phpMyAdmin on Ubuntu 22.04</span></div><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">You can quickly install the phpMyAdmin from the default Ubuntu repositories. But they contain an older version of phpMyAdmin. you can install the older using this command <b>apt install phpMyAdmin</b>, but to install the latest version, you need to download it from the official website.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Download the latest phpMyAdmin archive from the <a href="https://www.phpmyadmin.net/downloads/" target="_blank">official download page</a>.</span></p><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><code class="language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">[<a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none;">root@hackthesec</a> ~]# wget https://files.phpmyadmin.net/phpMyAdmin/5.2.0/phpMyAdmin-5.2.0-all-languages.zip 
[<a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none; word-spacing: normal;">root@hackthesec</a><span style="word-spacing: normal;"> ~]# </span>unzip phpMyAdmin-5.2.0-all-languages.zip 
[<a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none; word-spacing: normal;">root@hackthesec</a><span style="word-spacing: normal;"> ~]# </span>sudo mv phpMyAdmin-5.2.0-all-languages /usr/share/phpmyadmin 
</code><code class="language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; white-space: normal; word-break: normal;">
</code></span></pre><div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Next, create tmp directory and set the proper permissions. This is a necessary step to make it work properly.</span></div></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><code class="language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">[<a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none; word-spacing: normal;">root@hackthesec</a><span style="word-spacing: normal;"> ~]# </span></code><span style="color: #f8f8f2;"><span>sudo mkdir /usr/share/phpmyadmin/tmp 
</span></span><span style="color: white;">[</span><a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none; word-spacing: normal;">root@hackthesec</a><span style="color: #f8f8f2; word-spacing: normal;"> ~]# </span><span style="color: #f8f8f2;"><span>sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /usr/share/phpmyadmin 
</span></span><span style="color: white;">[</span><a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none; word-spacing: normal;">root@hackthesec</a><span style="color: #f8f8f2; word-spacing: normal;"> ~]#</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2;"><span>sudo chmod 777 /usr/share/phpmyadmin/tmp</span></span></span></pre><div><div><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Step 3 – Configure phpMyAdmin</span></b></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Now, you need to configure the webserver to serve phpMyAdmin on the network. Create an Apache configuration file for phpMyAdmin and edit it in a text editor:</span></div></div><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[</span><a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none; word-spacing: normal;">root@hackthesec</a><span style="color: #f8f8f2; word-spacing: normal;"> ~]# sudo </span><span style="color: #f8f8f2;"><span>nano /etc/apache2/conf-available/phpmyadmin.conf</span></span></span></pre><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">add the below content to the file.</span></p><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Alias /phpmyadmin /usr/share/phpmyadmin
Alias /phpMyAdmin /usr/share/phpmyadmin
 
<Directory /usr/share/phpmyadmin/>
   AddDefaultCharset UTF-8
   <IfModule mod_authz_core.c>
      <RequireAny>
      Require all granted
     </RequireAny>
   </IfModule>
</Directory>
 
<Directory /usr/share/phpmyadmin/setup/>
   <IfModule mod_authz_core.c>
     <RequireAny>
       Require all granted
     </RequireAny>
   </IfModule>
</Directory></span></pre><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Save and exit after that reload or restart the apache2 once using below command also you have to enable the newly created config file </span></p><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[</span><a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none; word-spacing: normal;">root@hackthesec</a><span style="color: #f8f8f2; word-spacing: normal;"> ~]# </span><span style="color: #f8f8f2;"><span>sudo a2enconf phpmyadmin 
</span></span><span style="color: white;">[</span><a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none; word-spacing: normal;">root@hackthesec</a><span style="color: #f8f8f2; word-spacing: normal;"> ~]# </span><span style="color: #f8f8f2;"><span>sudo systemctl restart apache2</span></span></span></pre><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Step 4 – Adjusting FirewallD</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">The systems with enabled firewalls need to allow HTTP service from the firewall. Run the below commands to open a port for the webserver in the firewall.</span></p><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[</span><a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none; word-spacing: normal;">root@hackthesec</a><span style="color: #f8f8f2; word-spacing: normal;"> ~]# </span><span style="color: #f8f8f2;"><span>sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http</span></span></span></pre><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[</span><a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none; word-spacing: normal;">root@hackthesec</a><span style="color: #f8f8f2; word-spacing: normal;"> ~]# </span><span style="color: #f8f8f2;"><span>sudo firewall-cmd --reload </span></span></span></pre><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Step 5 – Create a MySQL Database and User</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Connect to the MySQL server running on your system.</span></p><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[</span><a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none; word-spacing: normal;">root@hackthesec</a><span style="color: #f8f8f2; word-spacing: normal;"> ~]# mysql</span></span></pre><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"> If you already setup the root password for mysql then you have to use </span></p><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[</span><a class="token email-link" href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/2023/02/root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #007abe; text-decoration-line: none; word-spacing: normal;">root@hackthesec</a><span style="color: #f8f8f2; word-spacing: normal;"> ~]# mysql -uroot -p</span></span></pre><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Execute the following MySQL queries one by one to create a database and user. Also, assign the privileges to the user on the database. </span></p><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">mysql> CREATE DATABASE  hackthesec;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
 
mysql> CREATE USER 'hackthesec'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Strong@password';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
 
mysql> GRANT ALL ON hackthesec.* TO 'hackthesec'@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
 
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)</span></pre><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Step 6 – Access phpMyAdmin</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">All done. You have finished the setup with the phpMyAdmin on the Ubuntu Linux system. Now access phpMyAdmin with the server IP address or domain name.</span></p><pre class="language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">http://your-server-ip-domain/phpmyadmin
</span></pre><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNCpdbB4bEgUSF6aVH3Z9gWiTv9-Hq3fwF6NC8IVFj53JubxJK6MiF5hyphenhyphen7V9Ty5f3s8IUof1Rm0Xf2kp1feQ0P4TGrRcv1bl6tWXgMl5kFoTRwNYIs-OMsF4FaDZndJTeLyOtm2pGUba2f/s508/login_phpmyadmin_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><img border="0" data-original-height="508" data-original-width="483" height="315" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNCpdbB4bEgUSF6aVH3Z9gWiTv9-Hq3fwF6NC8IVFj53JubxJK6MiF5hyphenhyphen7V9Ty5f3s8IUof1Rm0Xf2kp1feQ0P4TGrRcv1bl6tWXgMl5kFoTRwNYIs-OMsF4FaDZndJTeLyOtm2pGUba2f/w450-h315/login_phpmyadmin_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="450" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">@hackthesecurity</span></div>

How To Install phpMyAdmin on Ubuntu 22.04

How To Install phpMyAdmin on Ubuntu 22.04 PhpMyAdmin is a free and open source administration tool for MySQL and MariaDB. It's an excel...

How To Install MySQL Server on Ubuntu 22.04

<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><b><u>How To Install MySQL Server on Ubuntu 22.04</u></b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">MySQL is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS).Its name is a combination of "My", the name of co-founder Michael Widenius's daughter My, and "SQL", the acronym for Structured Query Language. A relational database organizes data into one or more data tables in which data may be related to each other; these relations help structure the data. SQL is a language programmers use to create, modify and extract data from the relational database, as well as control user access to the database. In addition to relational databases and SQL, an RDBMS like MySQL works with an operating system to implement a relational database in a computer's storage system, manages users, allows for network access and facilitates testing database integrity and creation of backups.</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqb_IjkqiXKg6rDmYejq7XSHARNEO7FQeNRUS_wOIn21jrjNbbAU7E6G9eRLRdYqi_Rde4_MExFxTI7vEQLKUepAv77VJY1ZcxLbpmQ-UaCqNfiVGecOeUXAnJxJOQqO-mHBETDm6S0oRb/s698/mysql-hackthesec.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="698" height="366" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqb_IjkqiXKg6rDmYejq7XSHARNEO7FQeNRUS_wOIn21jrjNbbAU7E6G9eRLRdYqi_Rde4_MExFxTI7vEQLKUepAv77VJY1ZcxLbpmQ-UaCqNfiVGecOeUXAnJxJOQqO-mHBETDm6S0oRb/w640-h366/mysql-hackthesec.png" width="640" /></span></a></div><span style="font-size: large;"><br /><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></span><p></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><b>Step 1 – Installing MySQL on Ubuntu 22.04</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">The default Ubuntu repositories contain MySQL 8.0. Which can be installed directly using the package manager without adding third-party PPA.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">To install the available MySQL server version, execute the following command.</span></p><pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="color: white; line-height: 15.6px;">[root@hackthesec]# </span></span><span style="color: white;">apt-get install mysql-server</span></span></pre><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Press 'y' for any confirmation asked by the installer.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Once the installation is finished, you can secure the MySQL server by executing the following command.</span></p><pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="color: white; line-height: 15.6px;">[root@hackthesec]# </span></span><span style="color: white;">sudo mysql_secure_installation</span></span></pre><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">You will go through a wizard of questions to secure the MySQL server. Follow the onscreen instructions below:</span></p><pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: #333333; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">[root@hackthesec]#</span></span></pre><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Press ‘y’ to enable validate password plugin. This will allow you to set a strict password policy for user accounts.</span></p><pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">[root@hackthesec]# </span>VALIDATE PASSWORD COMPONENT can be used to test passwords</span><p style="white-space: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">and improve security. It checks the strength of password</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">and allows the users to set only those passwords which are</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD component?</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: y</span></p><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="color: white; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">

</span></span></span></pre><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Chose the password complexity level. Read the all 3 options and choose one:</span></p><pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 15.6px;">[root@hackthesec]# LOW    Length >= 8
MEDIUM Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, and special characters

STRONG Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, special characters and dictionary file

Please enter 0 = LOW, 1 = MEDIUM and 2 = STRONG: 1 </span></span></pre><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Enter a new password and re-enter it. Make sure it matches the complexity level as described above.</span></p><pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 15.6px;">[root@hackthesec]# 
</span></span><p style="white-space: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">New password: *************</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Re-enter new password: *************</span></p><span style="color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Do you wish to continue with the password provided?(Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y

Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y

Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y

Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y

Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y</span></pre><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><b>Step 2 – Connect to MySQL Server</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Remember that the above password set for the root accounts is used for remote users only. To log in from the same system, just type mysql on terminal.</span></p><pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: #333333; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">[root@hackthesec]# sudo mysql</span></span></pre><pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="white-space: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Your MySQL connection id is 14</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Server version: 8.0.28-0ubuntu4 (Ubuntu)</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">owners.</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">mysql></span></p><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="color: white; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">
</span></span></span></pre><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><b>Step 3 – Creating Database and Users</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Here is few example queries to create database and users in MySQL server.</span></p><pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="color: white; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">[root@hackthesec]#
</span></span></span><p style="white-space: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Create a database named ‘hackthesec’.</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">CREATE DATABASE </span><span style="color: white;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white;">; </span></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">Next, create a user named ‘</span><span style="color: white;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white;">’ accessible from ‘localhost’ only.</span></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">CREATE USER '</span><span style="color: white;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white;">'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Secure321'; </span></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Grant permissions on database to user.</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">GRANT ALL ON mydb.* to '</span><span style="color: white;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white;">'@'localhost'; </span></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Apply the permission changes at runtime.</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">FLUSH PRIVILEGES; </span></p></pre><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><b>Step 4 – Manage MySQL Service</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">To check the database server status.</span></p><pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="color: white; line-height: 15.6px;">[root@hackthesec]# </span></span><span style="color: white;">sudo systemctl status mysql</span></span></pre><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Use below command to start MySQL server.</span></p><pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="color: white; line-height: 15.6px;">[root@hackthesec]# </span></span><span style="color: white;">sudo systemctl start mysql</span></span></pre><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">To stop MySQL server:</span></p><pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="color: white; line-height: 15.6px;">[root@hackthesec]# </span></span><span style="color: white;">sudo systemctl stop mysql</span></span></pre><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Restart MySQL database server, type:</span></p><pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="color: white; line-height: 15.6px;">[root@hackthesec]# </span></span><span style="color: white;">sudo systemctl restart mysql</span></span></pre><p><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">@hackthesecurity</span></p>

How To Install MySQL Server on Ubuntu 22.04

How To Install MySQL Server on Ubuntu 22.04 MySQL is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS).Its name is a combination ...

How to find files containing specific text in Linux

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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><u>Find files containing specific text in Linux</u></span></div>
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><u><br /></u></span></span>
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><u>Find files containing specific text using grep command</u></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">grep is a command-line utility for searching plain-text data sets for lines that match a regular expression. Its name comes from the ed command g/re/p (globally search a regular expression and print), which has the same effect: doing a global search with the regular expression and printing all matching lines. Grep was originally developed for the Unix operating system, but later available for all Unix-like systems.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmSfa5gfpg7IHq5mo4T7SHu_Cl3baveLg-xsoRu3kxODgKyT2LN2J7nwZThgySbn7tR5rogvXIbYnjg4nDea8sLQazM9oEpGHniruu0_fTDG58SasIVf0NZWEmjyQ9w9UtlcmquEhNQRA/s1600/find-command-in-linux-hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="256" data-original-width="512" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmSfa5gfpg7IHq5mo4T7SHu_Cl3baveLg-xsoRu3kxODgKyT2LN2J7nwZThgySbn7tR5rogvXIbYnjg4nDea8sLQazM9oEpGHniruu0_fTDG58SasIVf0NZWEmjyQ9w9UtlcmquEhNQRA/s1600/find-command-in-linux-hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><u><b>grep command syntax</b></u></span></span><br />
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<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">grep "text string to search” directory-path</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">grep [option] "text string to search” directory-path</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">grep -r "text string to search” directory-path</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">grep -r -H "text string to search” directory-path</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">egrep -R "word-1|word-2” directory-path</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">egrep -w -R "word-1|word-2” directory-path</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><u>Find files containing specific text using grep command examples</u></span></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; color: #993300; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">In this example, we will search for 'PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START' in all configuration files located in /etc directory.</span></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Now there's a small problem, depending on your Linux distro, Find command Syntax can be slightly different.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">*If you know the exact location and directory you're after, then use</span></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">root@hackthesec:~# grep "PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" /etc/default/pulseaudio 
PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=1</span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; white-space: normal;">
</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">*If you know the exact directory with the files containing that specific text, then use</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">root@hackthesec:~# grep "PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" /etc/default/*
grep: /etc/default/kdm.d: Is a directory
/etc/default/pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=1
root@hackthesec:~#</span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; white-space: normal;">
</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">If you don't know the exact location of the file that contains the specific text you’re looking for, then you need to search all sub-directories recursively.</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">root@hackthesec:~# grep -r "PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" /etc/default/*
/etc/default/pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=1
root@hackthesec:~#</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">root@hackthesec:~# grep -R "PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" /etc/default/*
/etc/default/pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=1
root@hackthesec:~#</span></span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: #333333;">Now what if you are searching through a massive file and there might be many outputs similar to what you’re looking for.. you might want to use </span><span style="color: red;">--col</span><span style="color: #333333;"> flag to color code your output which searching files containing specific strings.</span></span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">root@hackthesec:~# grep --col 'usb 1-1.4' /var/log/messages
Apr 4 09:14:25 kali kernel: [1191164.780496] usb 1-1.4: new low-speed USB device number 21 using ehci-pci
root@hackthesec:~#</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Now I want to display all files with colorer output with containing specific text and instead of showing the whole content of the files</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">root@hackthesec:~# grep --col -r 'Linux version 3.14-kali1' /var/log/* | cut -d: -f1
/var/log/dmesg
/var/log/dmesg.0
/var/log/installer/syslog
root@hackthesec:~#</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">When you're using grep, depending on the commands used and permission you have on the system, you might see any of the following errors.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #351c75; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">* Input/output error</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #351c75; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">* recursive directory loop</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #351c75; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">* No such file or directory</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #351c75; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">* No such device or address</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #351c75; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">* Permission denied</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: #333333;">If you want to hide all errors or warning message spamming your output window(specifically useful when you're trying to use grep on a script) generated by the grep command, </span><span style="color: red;">append 2>/dev/null</span><span style="color: #333333;"> to grep command. This will send and hide unwanted output to </span><span style="color: red;">/dev/null</span><span style="color: #333333;"> device:</span></span></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">root@hackthesec:~# grep -R "PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" /etc/* 2>/dev/null 
/etc/default/pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=1
/etc/init.d/pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=0
/etc/init.d/pulseaudio:if [ "$PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" != "1" ]; then
/etc/rc0.d/K01pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=0
/etc/rc0.d/K01pulseaudio:if [ "$PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" != "1" ]; then
/etc/rc1.d/K01pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=0
/etc/rc1.d/K01pulseaudio:if [ "$PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" != "1" ]; then
/etc/rc2.d/S20pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=0
/etc/rc2.d/S20pulseaudio:if [ "$PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" != "1" ]; then
/etc/rc3.d/S20pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=0
/etc/rc3.d/S20pulseaudio:if [ "$PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" != "1" ]; then
/etc/rc4.d/S20pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=0
/etc/rc4.d/S20pulseaudio:if [ "$PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" != "1" ]; then
/etc/rc5.d/S20pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=0
/etc/rc5.d/S20pulseaudio:if [ "$PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" != "1" ]; then
/etc/rc6.d/K01pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=0
/etc/rc6.d/K01pulseaudio:if [ "$PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" != "1" ]; then
root@hackthesec:~#</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><div>
What if you're not sure about the case of the text you're after? You can use -i to ignore case.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Below example shows the difference between -i flag. First command didn’t find the text, second command did as we used -i flag to ignore case.</div>
</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">root@hackthesec:~# grep -r "pulseaudio_system_start" /etc/default/*
root@hackthesec:~# 
root@hackthesec:~# grep -i  -r "pulseaudio_system_start" /etc/default/*
/etc/default/pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=1
root@hackthesec:~#</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: #333333;">I always prefer using grep command </span><span style="color: red;">with -r and --col flag in Debian Linux as -r complains less about permissions</span><span style="color: #333333;">, files, directory etc. and of course some color helps on the eyes when you’re browsing through many lines.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdmES88qRq5q2S7T9eloxwGBj7Q_4TNKpHoxJrzaHNO5JFpsQd52ekNYQtKsk03EFGlHDRp9evGLye66Gs1H1pIHZBXSl4SbjLqVkCmN9OA-3D7lHu4C3YOmEHVFiqwADcA4237wkbdVk/s1600/How-to-find-files-containing-specific-text-in-Linux-hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="199" data-original-width="656" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdmES88qRq5q2S7T9eloxwGBj7Q_4TNKpHoxJrzaHNO5JFpsQd52ekNYQtKsk03EFGlHDRp9evGLye66Gs1H1pIHZBXSl4SbjLqVkCmN9OA-3D7lHu4C3YOmEHVFiqwADcA4237wkbdVk/s1600/How-to-find-files-containing-specific-text-in-Linux-hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">HackTheSec</a></div>
</div>
</span></div>
</div>

How to find files containing specific text in Linux

Find files containing specific text in Linux Find files containing specific text using grep command grep is a command-line utility for ...

Cryptmount – A Utility to Create Encrypted Filesystems in Linux

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">cryptmount is a utility for GNU/Linux operating systems which allows an ordinary user to mount an encrypted filing system without requiring superuser privileges. It is aimed at Linux systems using the 2.6 kernel series or later.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://cryptmount.sourceforge.net/crypt-img.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="482" data-original-width="700" src="http://cryptmount.sourceforge.net/crypt-img.png" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><b><u>Technical background</u></b></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">There are currently two main approaches to using encrypted filesystems within the linux kernel:</span></span><br />
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">the cryptoloop device driver;</span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">the device-mapper system, using the dm-crypt target.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">The (older) cryptoloop system has grown in parallel with the loopback device-driver of 2.4 kernel series, but has now been superseded by the device-mapper capabilities of the 2.6 kernel series. The newer devmapper system offers a <a href="http://docs.linux.com/article.pl?sid=04/06/07/2036205&tid=72&tid=14&tid=35">cleaner organization</a> of encryption and device-access, and superior performance has <a href="http://deb.riseup.net/storage/encryption/dmcrypt">been noted</a>. Alternative user-space tools which allow individual files to be encrypted are also widely available, but allow some information about file sizes & organization to be exposed.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">With the older cryptoloop system, it was possible to describe all the details of an encrypted filesystem within /etc/fstab so that it could be configured completely by 'mount'. This meant that it was particularly easy to give any user permission to mount those encrypted filesystems simply by providing the 'user' option within /etc/fstab.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">With the newer device-mapper infrastructure, there are more stages involved in mounting an encrypted filing system, and neither does 'mount' currently allow this nor does the syntax of /etc/fstab lend itself to describing all the necessary filesystem parameters. This is especially so if the filesystem is stored in an ordinary file, which would require separate configuration of a loopback device and a devmapper target before the filesystem could be accessed.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">cryptmount was written to make it as easy for ordinary users to access encrypted filesystems on-demand using the newer devmapper mechansism as it was to use the older, now deprecated, cryptoloop methods. This offers the following advantages:</span></span><br />
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">access to improved functionality in the kernel</span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">transparent support for filesystems stored on either raw disk partitions or loopback files</span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"></span></li>
<li style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;">separate encryption of filesystem access keys, allowing access passwords to be changed without re-encrypting the entire filesystem</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">storing multiple encrypted filesystems within a single disk partition, using a designated subset of blocks for each</span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">rarely used filesystems do not need to be mounted at system startup</span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">un-mounting of each filesystem is locked so that this can only be performed by the user that mounted it, or the superuser</span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">encrypted filesystems compatible with cryptsetup</span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">encrypted access-keys can be chosen to be compatible with openssl, or managed via libgcrypt, or (for 2.0 release-series) built-in SHA1/Blowfish ciphers</span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">support for encrypted swap partitions (superuser only)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">support for setting up encrypted filesystems or crypto-swap at system boot-up</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><u><span style="color: #0b5394;"><b>Install and Configure Cryptmount in Linux</b></span></u></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">On Debian/Ubuntu distributions, you can install Cryptmount using the following command line</span></span><br />
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace , serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">sudo apt install cryptmount</span></span></pre>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">On RHEL/CentOS/Fedora distributions,install it from source. First start installing the required package(s) to successfully build and use cryptmount.</span></span><br />
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace , serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">yum install device-mapper-devel</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace , serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">yum groupinstall "Development tools"</span></span></pre>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Then download the latest Cryptmount source files.</span></span><br />
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace , serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">wget https://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/cryptmount/cryptmount/cryptmount-5.2/cryptmount-5.2.4.tar.gz
tar -xzf  cryptmount-5.2.4.tar.gz
cd cryptmount-5.2.4
./configure
make
make instal</span></span></pre>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">After installation go for setup using bellow command line</span></span><br />
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace , serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">cryptmount-setup</span></span></pre>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4_bf_zluIl3w2Tpa7Kj-r9HtLoen_02EXBU0bh0fZCpA9sXzYivNF0EIGcs7tNx4I95ID2E9k3NkajvFnLo8BGvbCj5ovWxGdVFnPo6EqmrnqtPihRHc-53-IqMBlBufcKWY8yQPfXWmF/s1600/crypt.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="729" data-original-width="872" height="534" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4_bf_zluIl3w2Tpa7Kj-r9HtLoen_02EXBU0bh0fZCpA9sXzYivNF0EIGcs7tNx4I95ID2E9k3NkajvFnLo8BGvbCj5ovWxGdVFnPo6EqmrnqtPihRHc-53-IqMBlBufcKWY8yQPfXWmF/s640/crypt.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Once the new encrypted filesystem is created, you can access it as follows (enter the name you specified for your target – hackthesec), you will be prompted to enter the password for the target.</span></span><br />
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace , serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">cryptmount hackthesec
cd /home/crypt</span></span></pre>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">To unmount the target run cd command to get out of the encrypted filesystem, then use the -u switch to unmount as shown.</span></span><br />
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace , serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">cryptmount -u hackthesec</span></span></pre>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">For more information you can use bellow command or you can visit cryptmount website </span></span><br />
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace , serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">man cryptmount
man cmtab </span></span></pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace , serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">Website - <a href="http://cryptmount.sourceforge.net/">http://cryptmount.sourceforge.net/</a></span></span></pre>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #990000; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><b><u>Troubleshooting in my case</u></b></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">After installation i just received a error message from my ubuntu box</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">"Taking backup of cryptmount master config-file (@ETCDIR@/cmtab.bckp-setup)...mv: cannot stat '@ETCDIR@/cmtab': No such file or directory"</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">for this error just follow bellow commands </span></span><br />
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace , serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">root@new:~# which cryptmount-setup
/usr/sbin/cryptmount-setup
</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace , serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">root@new:~# vi /usr/sbin/cryptmount-setup</span></span></pre>
<div>
<br /></div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">and</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Changed from: </span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">CM_CFGDIR="@ETCDIR@" </span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Changed to: </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">CM_CFGDIR="/etc/cryptmount" </span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span>