Hack The Sec-Leading Resource Of Linux Tutorial: password-recovery

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<span style="color: #990000; font-size: large;"><u>Set Gurb2 Password In Linux</u></span></h1>
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How to reset the root password but its security vulnerable to Linux.Anyone who have physical access to system can easily reset the root password. So we can avoid it by using the setting up of the grub password.</div>
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To set the grub password we set <b>superuser</b> name and password in grub configuration file.</div>
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For this we have to modify the <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">grub2.conf</strong> file in <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">/etc/</strong> directory</div>
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<span style="color: #222222;">firstly we have to create a password by using </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: red;">grub2-mkpasswd-pbkdf2</span></b></span><b style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222;"> </b><span style="color: #222222;">command copy the password and enter password twice as follows</span></div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="color: white; line-height: 15.6px;">[root@hackthesec]# </span></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">grub2-mkpasswd-pbkdf2</span></span></span></pre>
<pre class="xtypo_info" style="background: url("assets/shadow.png") 50% 100% repeat-x rgb(245, 245, 245); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 0px 0px 3px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 1px 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;">Enter password:

Reenter password:

PBKDF2 hash of your password is: grub.pbkdf2.sha512.10000.19074739ED80F115963D984BDCB35AA671C24325755377C3E9B014D862DA6ACC77BC110EED41822800A87FD3700C037320E51E9326188D53247EC0722DDF15FC.C56EC0738911AD86CEA55546139FEBC366A393DF9785A8F44D3E51BF09DB980BAFEF85281CBBC56778D8B19DC94833EA8342F7D73E3A1AA30B205091F1015A85</pre>
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<span style="color: #222222;">Then open </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="box-sizing: border-box;">/etc/grub2.conf</b></span><span style="color: #222222;"> file and locate </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="box-sizing: border-box;">### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###</b></span></div>
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section type the code as follows here I used the username is <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">root</strong> that is our choice</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="box-sizing: border-box;">set superusers "root"</b></span><b style="box-sizing: border-box;">export superusers</b></div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;"></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b style="box-sizing: border-box;"></b></span></div>
<pre class="xtypo_info" style="background: url("assets/shadow.png") 50% 100% repeat-x rgb(245, 245, 245); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 0px 0px 3px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 1px 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;">grub.pbkdf2.sha512.10000.19074739ED80F115963D984BDCB35AA671C24325755377C3E9B014D862DA6ACC77BC110EED41822800A87FD3700C037320E51E9326188D53247EC0722DDF15FC.C56EC0738911AD86CEA55546139FEBC366A393DF9785A8F44D3E51BF09DB980BAFEF85281CBBC56778D8B19DC94833EA8342F7D73E3A1AA30B205091F1015A85</pre>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222;">T</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222;">hat’s It, Now You can reboot and </strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222;"><b style="box-sizing: border-box;">Press "e" on Grub Menu</b></strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222;">, It will ask you for the password.</strong></b></div>
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How to set gurb2 password in RHEL7/Centos7

Set Gurb2 Password In Linux How to reset the root password but its security vulnerable to Linux.Anyone who have physical access to syst...

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<span style="color: #990000; font-size: large;"><u><i>RHEL7/CENTOS7: Interrupt the boot process in order to gain access to a system.</i></u></span></h1>
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In <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/RHEL" target="_blank">RHEL</a> 7</span>, the procedure to get access to a system during the boot process and modify the root password has changed because of the adoption of <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Systemd</span>.<br /><span style="color: white;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/02/rhel-7-and-centos7-root-password.html" target="_blank">RHEL 7 Root Password recovery procedure</a><br /><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/02/rhel-7-and-centos7-root-password.html" target="_blank">Centos7  Root Password recovery procedure</a></span><br />There were several procedures floating around to recover the root password. Some were working with physical servers but not with virtual machines, some the other way around.</div>
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The following procedure works all the time.</div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">Procedure</span></h2>
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At the beginning of the boot process, at the <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">GRUB 2</span> menu, type the <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">e</span> key to edit.</div>
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Then, go to the kernel line (the line starting with <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">linux16</span>) and add the following statements at the end:</div>
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Caution: The keys to press are those of a <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">US</span> keyboard (querty).<br />Note: <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">rd.break</span> asks for a break at an early stage of the boot process. <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">enforcing=0</span> puts the system into <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">SELinux Permissive</span> mode.</div>
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Press <span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ctrl x</span> to resume the boot process.</div>
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Then, mount the <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/sysroot</span> partition as read/write:</div>
<pre style="background: rgb(244, 244, 244); border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(204, 204, 204); border-radius: 2px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 1px 0px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 1px 1px inset; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: monospace, serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; height: auto; line-height: 21px; outline: none; overflow-x: auto; padding: 6px 10px; vertical-align: middle; width: 605.484px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="color: #555555;">switch_root:/# </span><span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #351c75;">mount –o remount,rw /sysroot</span></span></pre>
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Execute the <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">chroot</span> command on the <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/sysroot</span> partition:</div>
<pre style="background: rgb(244, 244, 244); border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(204, 204, 204); border-radius: 2px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 1px 0px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 1px 1px inset; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: monospace, serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; height: auto; line-height: 21px; outline: none; overflow-x: auto; padding: 6px 10px; vertical-align: middle; width: 605.484px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="color: #555555;">switch_root:/# </span><span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #555555;">chroot /</span><span style="color: #351c75;">sysroot</span></span></pre>
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Change the <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">root</span> password:</div>
<pre style="background: rgb(244, 244, 244); border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(204, 204, 204); border-radius: 2px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 1px 0px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 1px 1px inset; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: monospace, serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; height: auto; line-height: 21px; outline: none; overflow-x: auto; padding: 6px 10px; vertical-align: middle; width: 605.484px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="color: #555555;">sh-4.2# <span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">passwd root</span>
Changing password for user root.
New passwd: <b>mypassword</b>
Retype new password: <b>mypassword</b>
</span><span style="color: #351c75;">passwd: all authentication token updated successfully.
</span><span style="color: #555555;">sh-4.2# </span><span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #555555; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">exit
</span><span style="color: #555555;">exit
switch_root:/# </span><span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #351c75;">exit</span></span><span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #555555; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</span><span style="color: #555555;">logout</span></pre>
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Connect to your server at the console (don’t reboot now!) with the <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">root</span> user and the new password:</div>
<pre style="background: rgb(244, 244, 244); border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(204, 204, 204); border-radius: 2px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 1px 0px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 1px 1px inset; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: monospace, serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; height: auto; line-height: 21px; outline: none; overflow-x: auto; padding: 6px 10px; vertical-align: middle; width: 605.484px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="color: #555555;">...
[  OK  ] Started Network Manager Script Dispatcher Service.
[  OK  ] Started Crash recovery kernel arming.
[  OK  ] Reached target Multi-User System.

</span><span style="color: #0b5394;">CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
</span><span style="color: #555555;">Kernel 3.10.0-229.14.1.el7.x86_64 on an x86_64

vm login: </span><span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #555555; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">root</span><span style="color: #555555;">
Password: </span><b style="color: #555555;">mypassword</b><span style="color: #555555;">
</span></pre>
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Then type:</div>
<pre style="background: rgb(244, 244, 244); border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(204, 204, 204); border-radius: 2px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 1px 0px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 1px 1px inset; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: monospace, serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; height: auto; line-height: 21px; outline: none; overflow-x: auto; padding: 6px 10px; vertical-align: middle; width: 605.484px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="color: #555555;"># </span><span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #351c75;">restorecon /etc/shadow</span><span style="color: #555555;">
</span></span><span style="color: #555555;"># </span><span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #555555; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">reboot</span></pre>
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If you strictly follow this procedure, you don’t need to force a <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">SELinux</span> relabel (# <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">touch /.autorelabel</span>) or load the <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">SELinux</span> policy (# <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/usr/sbin/load_policy -i</span>).</div>
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You don’t even need to reboot at the end! In this case, type # <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">setenforce enforcing<br /><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" style="color: #999999; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">HackTheSec</a><br style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 28px;" /><a href="https://www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity" style="color: #999999; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">HackTheSecTwitter</a><br style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 28px;" /><a href="http://facebook.com/htsecu" style="color: #999999; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">HackTheSecFacebook</a><br style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 28px;" /><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" style="color: #999999; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></span></div>
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RHEL 7 and Centos7 Root Password recovery procedure

RHEL7/CENTOS7: Interrupt the boot process in order to gain access to a system. In RHEL 7 , the procedure to get access to a system ...