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yum command: Update / Install Packages Under Redhat Enterprise / CentOS Linux Version 5.x

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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><u><b>yum command: Update / Install Packages Under Redhat Enterprise / CentOS Linux Version 5.x</b></u></span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><u><b><br /></b></u></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px;">How do I use yum command to update and patch my Red hat Enterprise Linux / CentOS Linux version 5.x server via RHN / Internet? Can I use up2date command under RHEL 5?</span><br />
up2date command<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px;"> was part of RHEL v4.x or older version. You need to use yum command to update and patch the system using RHN or Internet. Use </span><strong style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">yum command</strong><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px;"> to install critical and non-critical security updates as well as binary packages. Login as the root user to install and update the system.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWKDntIOa5264QIjMecgUVYjNg_s30IwGMtts9t36jl-XP_7eM7NuvzEwKdRrJs38l8iUU-cZDVspi_oreaahqeZ6oYqKBImiZYfdGXn-H8IqjId9r7gGBf71xZXUVjmMsSzKQakCmLbk/s1600/yum-package-management_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWKDntIOa5264QIjMecgUVYjNg_s30IwGMtts9t36jl-XP_7eM7NuvzEwKdRrJs38l8iUU-cZDVspi_oreaahqeZ6oYqKBImiZYfdGXn-H8IqjId9r7gGBf71xZXUVjmMsSzKQakCmLbk/s1600/yum-package-management_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
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Task: Register my system with RHN</h2>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
To register your system with RHN type the following command and just follow on screen instructions (CentOS user skip to next step):<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"># rhn_register</code></div>
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Task: Display list of updated software (security fix)</h2>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
Type the following command at shell prompt:<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"># yum list updates</code></div>
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Task: Patch up system by applying all updates</h2>
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To download and install all updates type the following command:<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"># yum update</code></div>
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Task: List all installed packages</h2>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
List all installed packages, enter:<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"># rpm -qa<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /># yum list installed</code><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />Find out if httpd package installed or not, enter:<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"># rpm -qa | grep httpd*<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /># yum list installed httpd</code></div>
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Task: Check for and update specified packages</h2>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"># yum update {package-name-1}</code><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />To check for and update httpd package, enter:<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"># yum update httpd</code></div>
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Task: Search for packages by name</h2>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
Search httpd and all matching perl packages, enter:<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"># yum list {package-name}<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /># yum list {regex}<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /># yum list httpd<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /># yum list perl*</code><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />Sample output:</div>
<pre style="background-color: #fafbfc; clear: both; color: #666666; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; overflow: auto; padding: 14px; tab-size: 4; word-wrap: normal;">Loading "installonlyn" plugin
Loading "security" plugin
Setting up repositories
Reading repository metadata in from local files
Installed Packages
perl.i386                                4:5.8.8-10.el5_0.2     installed
perl-Archive-Tar.noarch                  1.30-1.fc6             installed
perl-BSD-Resource.i386                   1.28-1.fc6.1           installed
perl-Compress-Zlib.i386                  1.42-1.fc6             installed
perl-DBD-MySQL.i386                      3.0007-1.fc6           installed
perl-DBI.i386                            1.52-1.fc6             installed
perl-Digest-HMAC.noarch                  1.01-15                installed
perl-Digest-SHA1.i386                    2.11-1.2.1             installed
perl-HTML-Parser.i386                    3.55-1.fc6             installed
.....
.......
..
perl-libxml-perl.noarch                  0.08-1.2.1             base
perl-suidperl.i386                       4:5.8.8-10.el5_0.2     updates </pre>
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Task: Install the specified packages [ RPM(s) ]</h2>
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Install package called httpd:<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"># yum install {package-name-1} {package-name-2}<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /># yum install httpd</code></div>
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Task: Remove / Uninstall the specified packages [ RPM(s) ]</h2>
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Remove package called httpd, enter:<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"># yum remove {package-name-1} {package-name-2}<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /># yum remove httpd</code></div>
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Task: Display the list of available packages</h2>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"># yum list all</code></div>
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Task: Display list of group software</h2>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
Type the following command:<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"># yum grouplist</code><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />Output:</div>
<pre style="background-color: #fafbfc; clear: both; color: #666666; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; overflow: auto; padding: 14px; tab-size: 4; word-wrap: normal;">Installed Groups:
   Engineering and Scientific
   MySQL Database
   Editors
   System Tools
   Text-based Internet
   Legacy Network Server
   DNS Name Server
   Dialup Networking Support
   FTP Server
   Network Servers
   Legacy Software Development
   Legacy Software Support
   Development Libraries
   Graphics
   Web Server
   Ruby
   Printing Support
   Mail Server
   Server Configuration Tools
   PostgreSQL Database
Available Groups:
   Office/Productivity
   Administration Tools
   Beagle
   Development Tools
   GNOME Software Development
   X Software Development
   Virtualization
   GNOME Desktop Environment
   Authoring and Publishing
   Mono
   Games and Entertainment
   XFCE-4.4
   Tomboy
   Java
   Java Development
   Emacs
   X Window System
   Windows File Server
   KDE Software Development
   KDE (K Desktop Environment)
   Horde
   Sound and Video
   FreeNX and NX
   News Server
   Yum Utilities
   Graphical Internet
Done
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Task: Install all the default packages by group</h2>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
Install all 'Development Tools' group packages, enter:<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"># yum groupinstall "Development Tools"</code></div>
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Task: Update all the default packages by group</h2>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
Update all 'Development Tools' group packages, enter:<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"># yum groupupdate "Development Tools"</code></div>
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Task: Remove all packages in a group</h2>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
Remove all 'Development Tools' group packages, enter:<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"># yum groupremove "Development Tools"</code></div>
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Task: Install particular architecture package</h2>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
If you are using 64 bit RHEL version it is possible to install 32 packages:<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"># yum install {package-name}.{architecture}<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /># yum install mysql.i386</code></div>
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Task: Display packages not installed via official RHN subscribed repos</h2>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
Show all packages not available via subscribed channels or repositories i.e show packages installed via other repos:<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"># yum list extras</code><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />Sample output:</div>
<pre style="background-color: #fafbfc; clear: both; color: #666666; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; overflow: auto; padding: 14px; tab-size: 4; word-wrap: normal;">Loading "installonlyn" plugin
Loading "security" plugin
Setting up repositories
Reading repository metadata in from local files
Extra Packages
DenyHosts.noarch                         2.6-python2.4          installed
VMwareTools.i386                         6532-44356             installed
john.i386                                1.7.0.2-3.el5.rf       installed
kernel.i686                              2.6.18-8.1.15.el5      installed
kernel-devel.i686                        2.6.18-8.1.15.el5      installed
lighttpd.i386                            1.4.18-1.el5.rf        installed
lighttpd-fastcgi.i386                    1.4.18-1.el5.rf        installed
psad.i386                                2.1-1                  installed
rssh.i386                                2.3.2-1.2.el5.rf       installed
</pre>
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Task: Display what package provides the file</h2>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
You can easily find out what RPM package provides the file. For example find out what provides the /etc/passwd file:<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"># yum whatprovides /etc/passwd</code><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />Sample output:</div>
<pre style="background-color: #fafbfc; clear: both; color: #666666; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; overflow: auto; padding: 14px; tab-size: 4; word-wrap: normal;">Loading "installonlyn" plugin
Loading "security" plugin
Setting up repositories
Reading repository metadata in from local files
setup.noarch                             2.5.58-1.el5           base
Matched from:
/etc/passwd
setup.noarch                             2.5.58-1.el5           installed
Matched from:
/etc/passwd
</pre>
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<code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"></code></div>
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You can use same command to list packages that satisfy dependencies:<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"># yum whatprovides {dependency-1} {dependency-2}</code><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />Refer yum command man page for more information:<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"># man yum</code></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px;"><br /></span></div>

yum command: Update / Install Packages Under Redhat Enterprise / CentOS Linux Version 5.x

yum command: Update / Install Packages Under Redhat Enterprise / CentOS Linux Version 5.x How do I use yum command to update and patch my...

How To Install EPEL Repo on a CentOS and RHEL 7.x

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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><u>How To Install EPEL Repo on a CentOS and RHEL 7.x</u></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px;">How do I install the extra repositories such as Fedora EPEL repo on a Red Hat Enterprise Linux server version 7.x or CentOS Linux server version 7.x?</span><br />
<br />
<span id="more-54372" style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"></span>See Also "<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/centos-rhel-scientific-linux-6-enable.html">CentOS / RHEL / Scientific Linux 4.x/5.x/6.x Enable & Install EPEL Repo</a>"<br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px;">You can easily install various packages by configuring a CentOS 7.x or RHEL 7.x system to use Fedora EPEL repos and third party packages. Please note that these packages are not officially supported by either CentOS or Red Hat, but provides many popular packages and apps.</span><br />
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Commands to install EPEL repo on a CentOS Linux and RHEL 7.x</h2>
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<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">Open a shell prompt.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">Or login to a host called server1 using ssh client.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">Install epel using the following command: <kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">yum -y install epel-release</kbd></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">Refresh repo by typing the following commad: <kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">yum repolist</kbd></li>
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How to install RHEL EPEL repository on Centos 7.x or RHEL 7.x</h2>
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The following instructions assumes that you are running command as root user on a CentOS/RHEL 7.x system and want to use use Fedora Epel repos.</div>
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<span style="color: #009900; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><br /></span></h3>
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<span style="color: #009900; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">Method #1: Install Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux repository configuration (recommended)</span></h3>
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Just type the following yum command on a CentOS 7 or RHEL 7</div>
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<span style="color: #c20cb9; font-family: "consolas" , "monaco" , "menlo" , "courier" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">  sudo</span><span style="background-color: #fafbfc; color: #666666; font-family: "consolas" , "monaco" , "menlo" , "courier" , "verdana" , sans-serif;"> yum </span><span style="color: #c20cb9; font-family: "consolas" , "monaco" , "menlo" , "courier" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">install</span><span style="background-color: #fafbfc; color: #666666; font-family: "consolas" , "monaco" , "menlo" , "courier" , "verdana" , sans-serif;"> epel-release</span></div>
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<span style="color: #6666cc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">Method #2: Install the extra EPEL repositories from dl.fedoraproject.org</span></h3>
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The command is as follows to download epel release for CentOS and RHEL 7.x using wget command:</div>
<pre class="bash" style="background-color: #fafbfc; clear: both; color: #666666; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; overflow: auto; padding: 14px; tab-size: 4; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">cd</span> /tmp
<span style="color: #c20cb9; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">wget</span> https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest<span style="color: black; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-7</span>.noarch.rpm
<span style="color: #c20cb9; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">ls</span> *.rpm</pre>
<pre class="bash" style="clear: both; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; overflow: auto; padding: 14px; tab-size: 4; word-wrap: normal;"><div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word;">
To install epel-release-7-5.noarch.rpm, type:</div>
<pre class="bash" style="background-color: #fafbfc; clear: both; color: #666666; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 27px; overflow: auto; padding: 14px; tab-size: 4; word-wrap: normal;"> 
<span style="color: #c20cb9; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">sudo</span> yum <span style="color: #c20cb9; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">install</span> epel-release<span style="color: black; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-7</span>.noarch.rpm
 </pre>
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Sample outputs:</div>
<pre class="ini" style="background-color: #fafbfc; clear: both; color: #666666; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 27px; overflow: auto; padding: 14px; tab-size: 4; word-wrap: normal;">Loaded plugins: amazon-id, rhui-lb
Examining epel-release<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-7</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-2</span>.noarch.rpm: epel-release<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-7</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-2</span>.noarch
Marking epel-release<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-7</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-2</span>.noarch.rpm to be installed
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package epel-release.noarch <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">0</span>:<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">7</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-2</span> will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
 
Dependencies <span style="color: #000099; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">Resolved
 
</span>=<span style="color: #660066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">===============================================================================</span>
 Package            Arch         Version   Repository                      <span style="color: #000099; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">Size
</span>=<span style="color: #660066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">===============================================================================</span>
Installing:
 epel-release       noarch       <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">7</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-2</span>       /epel-release<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-7</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-2</span>.noarch        <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">22</span> k
 
Transaction <span style="color: #000099; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">Summary
</span>=<span style="color: #660066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">===============================================================================</span>
Install  <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">1</span> Package
 
Total size: <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">22</span> k
Installed size: <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">22</span> k
Is this ok <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">[</span>y/d/N<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">]</span></span>: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : epel-release<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-7</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-2</span>.noarch                                      <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">1</span>/<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">1</span>
  Verifying  : epel-release<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-7</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-2</span>.noarch                                      <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">1</span>/<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">1</span>
 
Installed:
  epel-release.noarch <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">0</span>:<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">7</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-2</span>
 
Complete!
 </pre>
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List your new repos</h2>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word;">
Once installed you should see epel repo using the following yum repolist command
<code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;">$ sudo yum repolist</code>
Sample outputs:</div>
<pre style="background-color: #fafbfc; clear: both; color: #666666; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 27px; overflow: auto; padding: 14px; tab-size: 4; word-wrap: normal;">Loaded plugins: amazon-id, rhui-lb
repo id                                         repo name                                         status
<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="color: #009900; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">epel/x86_64                                     Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64    5,610</span></strong>
rhui-REGION-client-config-server-7/x86_64       Red Hat Update Infrastructure 2.0 Client Configur     2
rhui-REGION-rhel-server-releases/7Server/x86_64 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 7 (RPMs)          4,718
repolist: 10,330
</pre>
<div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 32px; margin: 41px 0px 14px; padding: 0px; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word;">
Search and install package</h2>
<div style="margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">To list all available packages under a repo called epel, enter:</span></span>
<code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;">$ sudo yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="epel" list available</code>
<span style="color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">OR</span></span>
<code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;">$ sudo yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="epel" list available | grep 'package'</code>
<span style="color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">OR</span></span>
<code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, Courier, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;">$ sudo yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="epel" list available | less<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 27px;">      </span></code><code style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="line-height: 27px;"><span style="color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">Hack The Security</span></span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: "consolas" , "monaco" , "menlo" , "courier" , "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: #fafbfc;"> </span></span></span></code></div>
</div>
</pre>
</div>

How To Install EPEL Repo on a CentOS and RHEL 7.x

How To Install EPEL Repo on a CentOS and RHEL 7.x How do I install the extra repositories such as Fedora EPEL repo on a Red Hat Enterpris...

CentOS / RHEL / Scientific Linux 6 Enable & Install EPEL Repo

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><u>CentOS / RHEL / Scientific Linux 6 Enable & Install EPEL Repo</u></span><br />
<span class="drop_cap" style="background-color: white; color: #111111; float: left; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px 0.15em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span><span class="drop_cap" style="background-color: white; color: #111111; float: left; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px 0.15em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">E</span><span style="line-height: 27px;">xtra Packages for Enterprise Linux (or EPEL) is a Fedora Special Interest Group that creates, maintains, and manages a high quality set of additional packages for Enterprise Linux, including, but not limited to, Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL),CentOS and Scientific Linux (SL). How do I enable it under CentOS 6 or RHLE 6 server?</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span id="more-11465" style="background-color: white; color: #111111; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"></span><br style="background-color: white; color: #111111; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #111111; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; line-height: 27px;">You need to install the following rpms as per your Enterprise Linux version. Use the </span>wget command<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; line-height: 27px;"> to download rpm files.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; line-height: 27px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; line-height: 32px;"><b>If you are running an CentOS6/RHEL 7 version</b></span></span><br />
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">See "<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/how-to-install-epel-repo-on-centos-and.html">Install EPEL Repo on a CentOS and RHEL 7.x</a>".</span></div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; line-height: 32px; margin: 41px 0px 14px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">If you are running an CentOS6/EL6 version, enter:</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">$ cd /tmp<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />$ <a href="http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-wget-your-ultimate-command-line-downloader.html" style="color: grey; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" title="wget command">wget</a> http://mirror-fpt-telecom.fpt.net/fedora/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /># rpm -ivh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm</span></code></div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; line-height: 32px; margin: 41px 0px 14px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">If you are running an CentOS5/EL5 version, enter:</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">$ cd /tmp<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />$ <a href="http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-wget-your-ultimate-command-line-downloader.html" style="color: grey; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" title="wget command">wget</a> http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /># rpm -ivh epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm</span></code></div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; line-height: 32px; margin: 41px 0px 14px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">If you are running an CentOS4/EL4 version, enter:</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The following may not be supported:</span><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">$ cd /tmp<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />$ <a href="http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-wget-your-ultimate-command-line-downloader.html" style="color: grey; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" title="wget command">wget</a> http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/4/i386/epel-release-4-10.noarch.rpm<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /># rpm -ivh epel-release-4-10.noarch.rpm</span></code></div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; line-height: 32px; margin: 41px 0px 14px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;">Install epel*.rpm file using</span><span style="color: #111111;"> </span><span style="color: #996633; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">yum command</span></span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">You can use the yum command instead of rpm command:</span><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"># yum install epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm</span></code><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />Sample outputs:</span><span style="background-color: #fafbfc; color: #666666;"> </span></span></div>
<pre class="ini" style="background-color: #fafbfc; clear: both; color: #666666; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; overflow: auto; padding: 14px; tab-size: 4; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Loaded plugins: product-id, rhnplugin, security, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
This system is receiving updates from RHN Classic or RHN Satellite.
Setting up Install Process
Examining epel-release<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-6</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-8</span>.noarch.rpm: epel-release<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-6</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-8</span>.noarch
Marking epel-release<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-6</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-8</span>.noarch.rpm to be installed
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package epel-release.noarch <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">0</span>:<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">6</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-8</span> will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
 
Dependencies <span style="color: #000099; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">Resolved
 
</span>=<span style="color: #660066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">===============================================================================</span>
 Package            Arch         Version   Repository                      <span style="color: #000099; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">Size
</span>=<span style="color: #660066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">===============================================================================</span>
Installing:
 epel-release       noarch       <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">6</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-8</span>       /epel-release<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-6</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-8</span>.noarch        <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">22</span> k
 
Transaction <span style="color: #000099; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">Summary
</span>=<span style="color: #660066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">===============================================================================</span>
Install       <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">1</span> Package<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">(</span>s<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">)</span>
 
Total size: <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">22</span> k
Installed size: <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">22</span> k
Is this ok <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">[</span>y/N<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">]</span></span>: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Installing : epel-release<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-6</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-8</span>.noarch                                      <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">1</span>/<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">1</span>
  Verifying  : epel-release<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-6</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-8</span>.noarch                                      <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">1</span>/<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">1</span>
 
Installed:
  epel-release.noarch <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">0</span>:<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">6</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-8</span>
 
Complete!
 
 </span></pre>
<h2 style="background-color: white; line-height: 32px; margin: 41px 0px 14px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">How do I list all enabled repos?</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Type the following commands:</span><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"># yum repolist</span></code><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />OR</span><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"># yum -v repolist | less</span></code></div>
<div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Sample outputs:</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDqtc1vbBO8hJjYLY-rA8QlFXdPraYwN_XgtNLF4o-1dAzLpoxS-j62DPsEkssYoqZCTYXLbCuzDAkbNbvewIZH_9oNJ3wXhyphenhyphenNOx9HZVfNnOMbMjSAPzpp-2TLQ9tfF5GeUyxPvZqPxdo/s1600/yum-query-repo-command_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDqtc1vbBO8hJjYLY-rA8QlFXdPraYwN_XgtNLF4o-1dAzLpoxS-j62DPsEkssYoqZCTYXLbCuzDAkbNbvewIZH_9oNJ3wXhyphenhyphenNOx9HZVfNnOMbMjSAPzpp-2TLQ9tfF5GeUyxPvZqPxdo/s1600/yum-query-repo-command_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></span></a></div>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_13130" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: both; color: #111111; float: none; height: auto; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px auto 27px; max-width: 100%; padding: 14px; text-align: center; width: 604px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="line-height: 23px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Fig.01: Yum Query All Repositories and Show Repository ID's Command</span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; line-height: 27px;">Please note that </span><strong style="background-color: white; color: #111111; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">epel</strong><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; line-height: 27px;"> is your "EPEL Repo ID" in the above output.</span></span><br />
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
</div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; line-height: 32px; margin: 41px 0px 14px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">How do I list all packages in EPEL repo?</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Type the following command to list all packages from EPEL repo only:</span><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"># yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="epel" list available</span></code><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />To search packages in epel repo only, enter:</span><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"># yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="epel" search packageNameHere<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /># yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="epel" search nginx</span></code></div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; line-height: 32px; margin: 41px 0px 14px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">How do I use EPEL repo?</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Simply use the yum commands to search or install packages from EPEL repo:</span><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"># yum search nginx<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /># yum update<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /># yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="epel" install nginx</span></code><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />Sample outputs:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: #fafbfc; clear: both; color: #666666; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; overflow: auto; padding: 14px; tab-size: 4; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Loaded plugins: product-id, rhnplugin, subscription-manager
Updating certificate-based repositories.
epel/metalink                                                                                                                          |  13 kB     00:00
epel                                                                                                                                   | 4.3 kB     00:00
epel/primary_db                                                                                                                        | 4.1 MB     00:03
Setting up Update Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package dkms.noarch 0:2.0.10-1 will be updated
---> Package dkms.noarch 0:2.1.0.1-1.el6 will be an update
---> Package iftop.x86_64 0:0.17-1.el6 will be updated
---> Package iftop.x86_64 0:1.0-0.1.pre2.el6 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
==============================================================================================================================================================
 Package                            Arch                                Version                                       Repository                         Size
==============================================================================================================================================================
Updating:
 dkms                               noarch                              2.1.0.1-1.el6                                 epel                               99 k
 iftop                              x86_64                              1.0-0.1.pre2.el6                              epel                               44 k
Transaction Summary
==============================================================================================================================================================
Upgrade       2 Package(s)
Total download size: 144 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/2): dkms-2.1.0.1-1.el6.noarch.rpm                                                                                                   |  99 kB     00:00
(2/2): iftop-1.0-0.1.pre2.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                                                               |  44 kB     00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                                                         543 kB/s | 144 kB     00:00
warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 0608b895: NOKEY
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
Importing GPG key 0x0608B895:
 Userid : EPEL (6) </span><epel fedoraproject.org="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-size: large;">
 Package: epel-release-6-5.noarch (installed)
 From   : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
  Updating   : dkms-2.1.0.1-1.el6.noarch                                                                                                                  1/4
  Updating   : iftop-1.0-0.1.pre2.el6.x86_64                                                                                                              2/4
  Cleanup    : dkms-2.0.10-1.noarch                                                                                                                       3/4
  Cleanup    : iftop-0.17-1.el6.x86_64                                                                                                                    4/4
Installed products updated.
Updated:
  dkms.noarch 0:2.1.0.1-1.el6                                                 iftop.x86_64 0:1.0-0.1.pre2.el6
Complete!</span>
</epel></span></pre>
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</h2>
</div>
</div>

CentOS / RHEL / Scientific Linux 6 Enable & Install EPEL Repo

CentOS / RHEL / Scientific Linux 6 Enable & Install EPEL Repo E xtra Packages for Enterprise Linux (or EPEL) is a Fedora Special Inter...

Linux and Unix nload App: Monitor Network Traffic and Bandwidth Usage In Real Time

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<h1 class="headline" itemprop="headline" style="background-color: white; line-height: 40px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><u>Linux and Unix nload App: Monitor Network Traffic and Bandwidth Usage In Real Time</u></span></h1>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="drop_cap" style="background-color: white; color: #111111; float: left; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px 0.15em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">I</span><span style="line-height: 27px;">f you want to monitor network throughput on the command line interface, use nload application. It is a console application which monitors network traffic and bandwidth usage in real time. It visualizes the in and outgoing traffic using two graphs and provides additional info like total amount of transferred data and min/max network usage.</span></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; line-height: 27px;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; color: #111111; line-height: 32px; margin: 41px 0px 14px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Install nload on a CentOS/RHEL/Red Hat/Fedora Linux</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">First, <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/centos-rhel-scientific-linux-6-enable.html" style="color: grey; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">turn on EPEL repo on a CentOS or RHEL</a> based system. Type the following yum command to install nload:</span><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"># yum install nload</span></code></div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; color: #111111; line-height: 32px; margin: 41px 0px 14px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Install nload on a Debian or Ubuntu Linux</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Type the following apt-get command:</span><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">$ sudo apt-get install nload</span></code></div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; color: #111111; line-height: 32px; margin: 41px 0px 14px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Install nload on a FreeBSD system</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">To install the nload via port, type:</span><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"># cd /usr/ports/net/nload/ && make install clean</span></code><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />Or add the package</span><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"># pkg install net/nload</span></code></div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; color: #111111; line-height: 32px; margin: 41px 0px 14px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Install nload on a OpenBSD system</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Type the following command:</span><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">$ sudo pkg_add -i nload</span></code></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><u>Install nload using a source code on a Unix-like systems</u></span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">First, grab the source code using either wget command or curl command:</span><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">$ cd /tmp<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />$ wget http://www.roland-riegel.de/nload/nload-0.7.4.tar.gz</span></code><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />To untar a tar file called nload-0.7.4.tar.gz, use tar command, enter:</span><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">$ tar xvf nload-0.7.4.tar.gz</span></code><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />Cd to the directory containing the nloads's source code using cd command:</span><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">$ cd nload*</span></code><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />And type <kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">./configure</kbd> to configure the package for your system:</span><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">$ sh ./configure</span></code><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />OR</span><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">$ ./configure</span></code><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />Running configure takes a while. Type make command to compile the nload:</span><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">$ make</span></code><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />Finally, type <kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">make install</kbd> to install the nload programs and related files as root user:</span><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">$ sudo make install</span></code><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />OR</span><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"># make install</span></code></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">How do I use nload to display the current network usage?</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The basic syntax is:</span><span style="background-color: #fafbfc; color: #666666;"> </span></span></div>
<pre class="bash" style="background-color: #fafbfc; clear: both; color: #666666; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; overflow: auto; padding: 14px; tab-size: 4; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">nload
nload device
nload <span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">[</span>options<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">]</span> device1 device2
 </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111;">Just type the following command:</span></span></pre>
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<code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">$ nload<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />$ nload eth0<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />$ nload em0 em2</span></code><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />Sample outputs:</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGL4v40oasUUaBzmMt-X-DWNradxzewl4Sf7-E5FsvF3ij_EVyjwBUxvRzHOOtxeAk-oTTVxQZeBZ1QLIjoU-OXx2o-UYQdtRRegw6V56Vm7a0B3aVZdxtw5X3POl5hAezIvNGnp1h6vM/s1600/nload-command-linux-unix_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGL4v40oasUUaBzmMt-X-DWNradxzewl4Sf7-E5FsvF3ij_EVyjwBUxvRzHOOtxeAk-oTTVxQZeBZ1QLIjoU-OXx2o-UYQdtRRegw6V56Vm7a0B3aVZdxtw5X3POl5hAezIvNGnp1h6vM/s1600/nload-command-linux-unix_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Fig. 01: nload command in action</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Controlling nload app</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Once nload command executed, it begins to monitor the network devices. You can control nload with the following key shortcuts:</span></div>
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<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">You can switch between the devices by pressing the <kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">left</strong></kbd> and <kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">right</strong></kbd> arrow keys or<kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">Enter/Tab<kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"></kbd></strong> key.</kbd></span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Press <kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">F2</strong></kbd> to show the option window</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Press <kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">F5</strong></kbd> to save current settings to the user’s config file.</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Press <kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">F6</strong></kbd> reload settings from the config files.</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Press <kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">q</strong></kbd> or hit <kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">Ctrl+C</strong></kbd> to quit nload.</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Setting the refresh interval of the display</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The default value of interval is 100 milliseconds to refresh interval of the display. In this example, change to 500 milliseconds:</span><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">$ nload -t {interval_number_in_millisec}<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />$ nload -t 500</span></code><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />Sample outputs:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Animated gif 01 - nload command in action</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Setting the type of unit used for the display of traffic numbers</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The syntax is:</span><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">$ nload -u h|H|b|B|k|K|m|M|g|G<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />$ nload -U h|H|b|B|k|K|m|M|g|G<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />$ nload -u h<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />$ nload -u G<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />$ nload -U G</span></code><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />Where,</span></div>
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<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The lower case <kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-u</kbd> option: h means human readable (auto), b Bit/s, k kBit/s, m MBit/s and g GBit/s. The upper case letters mean the corresponding units in Bytes (instead of Bits). The default is k.</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The upper case <kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-U</kbd> option is same as lower case <kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-u</kbd> option, but for an amount of data, e.g. Bit, kByte, GBit etc. (without "/s"). The default is M.</span></li>
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Linux and Unix nload App: Monitor Network Traffic and Bandwidth Usage In Real Time

Linux and Unix nload App: Monitor Network Traffic and Bandwidth Usage In Real Time I f you want to monitor network throughput on the c...

Finding a File Containing a Particular Text String In Linux Server

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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><u>Finding a File Containing a Particular Text String In Linux Server</u></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; line-height: 27px;">I have been using Linux for a while on my server and have a large collection of the text file everywhere. I'm interested in learning about searching a text string. Can you tell me - how do I find a file containing a particular text string on my Linux server?</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #111111; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /><span id="more-520" style="background-color: white; color: #111111; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"></span><br style="background-color: white; color: #111111; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; line-height: 27px;">I have to admit that there are tens and thousands of text files on any Linux or Unix based server. Finding and locating those files can be done with the find command. Unfortunately find command cannot look inside a text file for a string.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; line-height: 27px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; line-height: 27px;">You need to use the </span>grep command<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; line-height: 27px;">. The grep command searches the given input FILEs for lines containing a match or a text string.</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; line-height: 32px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; line-height: 32px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">grep command syntax</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The syntax is:</span></div>
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<kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">grep "<span style="color: #996633; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">text string to search</span>” directory-path</span></kbd></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">OR</span></div>
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<kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">grep [option] "<span style="color: #996633; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">text string to search</span>” directory-path</span></kbd></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">OR</span></div>
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<kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">grep -r "<span style="color: #996633; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">text string to search</span>” directory-path</span></kbd></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">OR</span></div>
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<kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">grep -r -H "<span style="color: #996633; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">text string to search</span>” directory-path</span></kbd></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">OR</span></div>
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<kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">egrep -R "<span style="color: #996633; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">word-1|word-2</span>” directory-path</span></kbd></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">OR</span></div>
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<kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">egrep -w -R "<span style="color: #996633; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">word-1|word-2</span>” directory-path</span></kbd></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: small;">Examples</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In this example, search for a string called 'redeem reward' in all text (*.txt) files located in /home/tom/ directory, use:</span><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">$ grep "redeem reward" /home/tom/*.txt</span></code><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />OR</span><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">$ grep "redeem reward" ~/*.txt</span></code></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Task: Search all subdirectories recursively</span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">You can search for a text string all files under each directory, recursively with <span style="color: red; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-r</kbd></span> option:</span><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">$ grep -r "redeem reward" /home/tom/</span></code><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />OR</span><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">$ grep -R "redeem reward" /home/tom/</span></code></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Task: Only display filenames</span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">By default, the grep command prints the matching lines. You can pass <span style="color: red; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-H</kbd></span> option to print the filename for each match:</span><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">$ grep -H -r "redeem reward" /home/tom</span></code><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />Sample outputs:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: #fafbfc; clear: both; color: #666666; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; overflow: auto; padding: 14px; tab-size: 4; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">filename.txt: redeem reward
foobar.txt: redeem reward
...</span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">To just display the filename use the cut command as follows:</span><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">$ grep -H -R vivek /etc/* | cut -d: -f1</span></code><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />Sample outputs:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: #fafbfc; clear: both; color: #666666; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; overflow: auto; padding: 14px; tab-size: 4; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">filename.txt
foobar.txt
...</span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Task: Suppress file names</span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The grep command shows output on a separate line, and it is preceded by the name of the file in which it was found in the case of multiple files. You can pass the <kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-h</kbd> option to suppress inclusion of the file names in the output:</span><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">$ grep -h -R 'main()' ~/projects/*.c</span></code></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Task: Display only words</span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">You can select only those lines containing matches that form whole words using the <kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">-w</kbd>option. In this example, search for word 'getMyData()' only in ~/projects/ dirctory:</span><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">$ grep -w -R 'getMyData()' ~/projects/</span></code></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Task: Search for two or more words</span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Use the egrep command as follows:</span><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">$ egrep -w -R 'word1|word2' ~/projects/</span></code></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Task: Hide warning spam</span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">grep command generate error message as follows due to permission and other issues:</span></div>
<blockquote style="background-color: white; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; color: #888888; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px 0px 27px 14px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 14px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<div style="margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">No such file or directory<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />No such device or address<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />Permission denied</span></div>
</blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">To hide all errors or warning message spam generated by the grep command, append2>/dev/null to grep command. This will send and hide unwanted output to /dev/null device:</span><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">$ grep -w -R 'getMyData()' ~/projects/ 2>/dev/null</span></code></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Task: Display matched text in color</span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Pass the <kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">--color</kbd> option to the grep command display matched text/words in color on the terminal:</span></div>
<pre class="bash" style="background-color: #fafbfc; clear: both; color: #666666; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; overflow: auto; padding: 14px; tab-size: 4; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> 
<span style="color: #c20cb9; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">grep</span> --color <span style="color: red; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">'word'</span> <span style="color: #c20cb9; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">file</span>
<span style="color: #c20cb9; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">grep</span> --color -R <span style="color: red; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">'word'</span> /path/to/<span style="color: #c20cb9; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">dir</span>
<span style="color: #c20cb9; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">grep</span> --color -R <span style="color: red; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">"192.168.1.5"</span> /etc/
<span style="color: #c20cb9; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">grep</span> --color -R -h <span style="color: red; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">"192.168.1.5"</span> /etc/
<span style="color: #c20cb9; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">grep</span> --color -R -h <span style="color: red; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">"192.168.1.5"</span> /etc/ <span style="color: black; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">2</span>>/dev/null
 </span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Sample outputs:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Task: Ignore case</span></h4>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Our final example ignore case distinctions in both the search PATTERN and the input files:</span><code style="background-color: #fafbfc; border: 1px solid rgb(222, 222, 222); clear: both; color: #666666; display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 21px; word-wrap: normal;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">grep -i -R 'word' /path/to/dir<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />grep -i -r 'income tax' ~/accounting/</span></code></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px;"><br /></span></div>

Finding a File Containing a Particular Text String In Linux Server

Finding a File Containing a Particular Text String In Linux Server I have been using Linux for a while on my server and have a large colle...

Linux x86 - Egg-hunter (13 bytes)

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Linux x86 - Egg-hunter (13 bytes)</h1>
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<tr style="background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="background: rgb(225, 225, 225); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px 10px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">EDB-ID:</strong> 39204</td><td style="background: rgb(225, 225, 225); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px 10px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">CVE:</strong> N/A</td><td style="background: rgb(225, 225, 225); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px 10px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">OSVDB-ID:</strong> N/A</td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px 10px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">EDB Verified:</strong> <span class="fa fa-times" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-family: FontAwesome; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1; text-rendering: auto;"></span></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px 10px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Author:</strong> <a href="https://www.exploit-db.com/author/?a=8467" style="-webkit-transition-duration: 0.3s; -webkit-transition-property: background-color, box-shadow, border, color, opacity; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #337ab7; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.3s; transition-property: background-color, box-shadow, border, color, opacity;">Dennis 'dhn' Herrmann</a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px 10px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Published:</strong> 2016-01-08</td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px 10px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Download Exploit:</strong> <a href="https://www.exploit-db.com/download/39204" style="-webkit-transition-duration: 0.3s; -webkit-transition-property: background-color, box-shadow, border, color, opacity; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #337ab7; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.3s; transition-property: background-color, box-shadow, border, color, opacity;"><span class="fa fa-file-code-o" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-family: FontAwesome; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1; text-rendering: auto;"></span> Source</a> </td><td colspan="2" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px 10px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Download Vulnerable App:</strong> N/A</td></tr>
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Linux x86 - Egg-hunter (13 bytes)

Linux x86 - Egg-hunter (13 bytes) EDB-ID: 39204 CVE: N/A OSVDB-ID: N/A EDB Verified: Author: Dennis 'dhn' Herrman...

Linux/x86 execve "/bin/sh" - shellcode 24 byte

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Linux/x86 execve "/bin/sh" - shellcode 24 byte</h1>
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<tr style="background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px 10px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">EDB-ID:</strong> 39160</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px 10px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">CVE:</strong> N/A</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px 10px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">OSVDB-ID:</strong> N/A</td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px 10px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">EDB Verified:</strong> <span class="fa fa-times" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-family: FontAwesome; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1; text-rendering: auto;"></span></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px 10px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Author:</strong> <a href="https://www.exploit-db.com/author/?a=8467" style="-webkit-transition-duration: 0.3s; -webkit-transition-property: background-color, box-shadow, border, color, opacity; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #337ab7; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.3s; transition-property: background-color, box-shadow, border, color, opacity;">Dennis 'dhn' Herrmann</a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px 10px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Published:</strong> 2016-01-04</td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px 10px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Download Exploit:</strong> <a href="https://www.exploit-db.com/download/39160" style="-webkit-transition-duration: 0.3s; -webkit-transition-property: background-color, box-shadow, border, color, opacity; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #337ab7; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.3s; transition-property: background-color, box-shadow, border, color, opacity;"><span class="fa fa-file-code-o" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-family: FontAwesome; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1; text-rendering: auto;"></span> Source</a> <span class="fa fa-file-o" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-family: FontAwesome; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1; text-rendering: auto;"></span> </td><td colspan="2" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px 10px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Download Vulnerable App:</strong> N/A</td></tr>
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