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How to setup mail server on centos 7

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<span style="color: #990000; font-family: Trebuchet, Trebuchet MS, Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 30px;"><u>Setup mail server on centos 7</u></span></span></h1>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px;">This article helps you to install and configure basic mail server on </span><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Centos" style="color: #0f4884; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; text-decoration: none;" title="Centos">Centos</a><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px;"> 7. Here i have used Postfix for SMTP, Dovecot for POP/IMAP and Dovecot SASL for SMTP AUTH.</span></h1>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: trebuchet, 'trebuchet ms', arial, verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px;">Before proceeding please make sure you have assigned static IP for the server and have internet connectivity for installing packages.</span></div>
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                                <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwXFjlAbKP-BbS_imp_3im9swmB_1h-YvwnJ9adp3dLHRZ8SnhttbxG5pHeSzoLgYS1-xSDzZRkhdzDCgkfeg1k4YK4AC19sZy8_R90QH-NNjOMo2IOvktIgpRdZ1fbp2Ti2SOaCOvx5mV/s1600/mailserver-with-virtual-users-and-domains-using-postfix-and-dovecot-in-centos-6+_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwXFjlAbKP-BbS_imp_3im9swmB_1h-YvwnJ9adp3dLHRZ8SnhttbxG5pHeSzoLgYS1-xSDzZRkhdzDCgkfeg1k4YK4AC19sZy8_R90QH-NNjOMo2IOvktIgpRdZ1fbp2Ti2SOaCOvx5mV/s1600/mailserver-with-virtual-users-and-domains-using-postfix-and-dovecot-in-centos-6+_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: trebuchet, trebuchet ms, arial, verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 30px;"><b><u>Setup mail server on centos 7</u></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 30px;">1. Installing packages</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: trebuchet, trebuchet ms, arial, verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 30px;">2. Postfix configuration</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: trebuchet, trebuchet ms, arial, verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 30px;">3. Dovecot configuration</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: trebuchet, trebuchet ms, arial, verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 30px;">4. User creation</span></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;">Step 1: Installing packages</span></u></b></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Step 1 : Assign hostname for the server using the below command</span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">.</span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">[root@hackthesec~]# hostnamectl set-hostname mail.hackthesec.co.in</span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: trebuchet, trebuchet ms, arial, verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 30px; white-space: normal;">
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #222222;">Step 2 : Make a host entry with your IP in </span><span style="color: #990000;"><b>/etc/hosts</b> </span><span style="color: #222222;">file.</span></span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">172.27.0.51 mail.hackthesec.co.in</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Step 3 : Now start installing packages.</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec~]# yum -y </span><span style="color: lime;">install postfix dovecot</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">After package installation continue with postfix configuration.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: trebuchet, trebuchet ms, arial, verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 30px;"><b><u>Step 2 : Postfix configuration</u></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">First create SSL certificate for encryption.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Step 4: Follow the below steps one by one for creation</span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">.</span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">[root@hackthesec ~]# mkdir /etc/postfix/ssl
[root@</span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ~]# cd /etc/postfix/ssl</span>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">[root@</span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ssl]# openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 2048</span>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">[root@</span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ssl]# openssl rsa -in server.key -out server.key.insecure</span>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">[root@</span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ssl]# mv server.key server.key.secure</span>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">[root@</span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ssl]# mv server.key.insecure server.key</span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #222222;">Leave blank for </span><b><span style="color: #990000;">A challenge password []</span></b><span style="color: #222222;"> value in the below step.</span></span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ssl]# openssl req -new -key </span><span style="color: lime;">server.key -out server.csr</span><span style="color: white;">
[root@hackthesec ssl]# openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #222222;">Step 5 : Now open</span><span style="color: #990000;"><b> /etc/postfix/main.cf</b></span><span style="color: #222222;"> file for changes.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Find and uncomment the below lines</span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">.</span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">#inet_interfaces = localhost #---> line no 116
#mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost #--> line no 164</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">and add below lines at the end of the file. change <b>myhostname </b>and <b>mydomain </b>values with yours and <b>home_mailbox</b> value to your desired directory. Here it will store mails in the users home directory (Eg: /home/john/mail ).</span></span></div>
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<pre class="xtypo_info" style="background: url("assets/shadow.png") 50% 100% repeat-x rgb(245, 245, 245); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 0px 0px 3px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 1px 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;">myhostname = mail.hackthesec.co.in
mydomain = hackthesec.co.in
myorigin = $mydomain
home_mailbox = mail/
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8
inet_interfaces = all
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, $mydomain
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_local_domain =
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated,permit_mynetworks,reject_unauth_destination
smtp_tls_security_level = may
smtpd_tls_security_level = may
smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/server.key
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/server.crt
smtpd_tls_received_header = yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s
tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom</pre>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #222222;">Step 6 : Open </span><b><span style="color: #990000;">/etc/postfix/master.cf</span></b><span style="color: #222222;"> file, add the below lines after "</span><span style="color: #990000;">smtp inet n – n – – smtpd</span><span style="color: #222222;">" line</span></span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">.</span></div>
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<pre class="xtypo_info" style="background: url("assets/shadow.png") 50% 100% repeat-x rgb(245, 245, 245); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 0px 0px 3px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 1px 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;">submission     inet  n       -       n       -       -       smtpd
  -o syslog_name=postfix/submission
  -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
  -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
  -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
smtps     inet  n       -       n       -       -       smtpd
  -o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
  -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
  -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
  -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
Now check the configuration using postfix check command.
Step 7 : Now configure Dovecot SASL for SMTP Auth. Open /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf file, find “# Postfix smtp-auth” line ( line no:95 ) and add the below lines.
# Postfix smtp-auth
unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {mode = 0660
user = postfix
group = postfix
}</pre>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Now check the configuration using <b><span style="color: #990000;">postfix check</span></b> command.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Step 7 : Now configure Dovecot SASL for SMTP Auth. Open <b><span style="color: #990000;">/etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf</span></b> file, find "<b><span style="color: #990000;"># Postfix smtp-auth</span></b>" line ( line no:95 ) and add the below lines.</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># Postfix smtp-auth
</span><span style="color: lime;">unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {mode = 0660
</span><span style="color: white;">user = postfix
group = postfix
}</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #222222;">Step 8 : Open </span><b><span style="color: #990000;">/etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf</span></b><span style="color: #222222;"> file, find "<b>auth_mechanisms = plain</b>" ( Line no: 100 ) and add login to the value like below.</span></span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime;">auth_mechanisms</span><span style="color: white;"> = plain login</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Step 9 : Postfix configuration is over. Now restart both postfix and dovecot services and enable auto start</span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">.</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: orange;">[root@mail ~]# systemctl restart postfix
</span><span style="color: white;">[root@mail ~]# systemctl enable postfix
</span><span style="color: lime;">[root@mail ~]# systemctl restart dovecot
</span><span style="color: orange;">[root@mail ~]# systemctl enable dovecot</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Step 10 : Add the firewall rules to allow <b>25, 587 and 465</b> ports</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">.</span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@mail ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=smtp
</span><span style="color: lime;">[root@mail ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=587/tcp
</span><span style="color: white;">[root@mail ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=465/tcp
</span><span style="color: orange;">[root@mail ~]# firewall-cmd --reload</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #222222;">Now start testing connectivity for each ports 25,587 and 465 using telnet and make sure you are getting </span><span style="color: #990000;"><b>AUTH PLAIN LOGIN</b></span><span style="color: #222222;"> line after issuing <b>ehlo mail.hackthesec.co.in </b>command in telnet</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">.</span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@mail ~]# </span><span style="color: lime;">telnet mail.hackthesec.co.in 465</span><span style="color: white;">
Trying 172.27.0.51...
Connected to mail.hackthesec.co.in.
Escape character is '^]'.
</span><span style="color: orange;">220 mail.hackthesec.co.in ESMTP Postfix
</span><span style="color: white;">ehlo mail.hackthesec.co.in</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Step 3 : Dovecot configuration</u></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Start configuring Dovecot</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #222222;">Step 11 : Open </span><b><span style="color: #990000;">/etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf</span></b><span style="color: #222222;"> file, find <b>#mail_location =</b> (line no : 30 ) and add the same directory which is given to home_mailbox in the postfix config file ( Step 5)</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">.</span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">mail_location = </span><span style="color: lime;">maildir:~/mail</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #222222;">Step 12 : Open </span><b><span style="color: #990000;">/etc/dovecot/conf.d/20-pop3.conf</span></b><span style="color: #222222;"> file, find and uncomment the below line ( line no : 50 )</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">.</span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: lime; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">pop3_uidl_format = %08Xu%08Xv</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Step 13 : Restart dovecot service</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">.</span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@mail ~]# </span><span style="color: lime;">systemctl restart dovecot</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Step 14 : Add firewall rules to allow 110,143,993 and 995</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">.</span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime;">[root@mail ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=110/tcp
</span><span style="color: white;">[root@mail ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=pop3s
</span><span style="color: orange;">[root@mail ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=143/tcp
</span><span style="color: white;">[root@mail ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=imaps
[root@mail ~]# firewall-cmd --reload</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Check the connectivity for the ports 110,143,993 and 995 using telnet</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Step 4 : User creation</u></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Now create user for testing .</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #222222;">Step 15 : Create user with </span><b><span style="color: #990000;">/sbin/nologin</span></b><span style="color: #222222;"> shell to restrict login access</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">.</span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime;">[root@mail ~]# useradd -m john -s /sbin/nologin
</span><span style="color: white;">[root@mail ~]# passwd hackthesec</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Mail server is ready now, Configure user in your mail client and test send/receive</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">.</span></div>
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<img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-KvSTpPDbIqW1IOfpC424M9kQxnYaFzCZG7wO9XNDKTPS6lEYN_6UsN5XZrRvlDCj2ypN4O0teETtY3z2W6_uQjDAuwDLbCahUN7hvCt4qktVwfYNjZWBzEYa5_4RNUY8qrkrzNCKQZm1/s640/Setup+mail+server+on+centos+7_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></div>
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<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></div>
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How to setup mail server on centos 7

Setup mail server on centos 7 This article helps you to install and configure basic mail server on Centos 7. Here i have used Postfix ...

How to install phpmyadmin on centos 7

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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet" , "trebuchet ms" , "arial" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 30px; line-height: 31px;"><span style="color: #990000;">Install phpmyadmin on centos 7</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px;"><a href="http://www.phpmyadmin.net/" target="_blank">Phpmyadmin</a> is an opensource tool to manage <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Mysql" target="_blank">MySQL</a> database using web browser.</span></div>
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it can perform almost all tasks such as creating,deleting,modifying databases,users,tables and fields .</div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "roboto slab";"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-size: large;">This guide helps you to install phpmyadmin on <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Centos" target="_blank">centos 7</a>. it contains step by step installation through YUM using EPEL repository.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "roboto slab";"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></span><strong style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;"><span style="color: red; display: inline; font-family: "open sans" , serif , sans-serif; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0px; max-height: 200px; overflow: visible; text-decoration: none;"><span style="line-height: 1.4em; max-height: 200px;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/how-to-install-lamp-apache-24-mysql-56.html" target="_blank">How to Install LAMP (Apache 2.4, MySQL 5.6, and PHP 5.4) on CentOS/RHEL 7</a></span></span></strong></div>
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<strong style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;"><a class="titlex" href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/how-to-install-lamp-apache-24-mysql-56.html" style="display: block; font-family: 'Open Sans', serif, sans-serif; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0px; max-height: 200px; overflow: visible; text-decoration: none;"></a><a class="titlex" href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/how-to-install-lamp-apache-24-mysql-56.html" style="display: inline !important; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0px; max-height: 200px; overflow: visible; text-decoration: none;"></a></strong></div>
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<strong style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNwOQO6gfdYtrDV28BiI5f9hO9AAn3RhKOO73nHMK-aboQ3L1Cw0cWU1u_6lJSgNX0AeIiR2vL7mNGhyphenhyphen-ttCWcHhOoQ-6SJZSnum-5EBaYU7E9vK9MizzlPifG0s1McucKLDYUK_Xp7mQI/s1600/login_phpmyadmin_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNwOQO6gfdYtrDV28BiI5f9hO9AAn3RhKOO73nHMK-aboQ3L1Cw0cWU1u_6lJSgNX0AeIiR2vL7mNGhyphenhyphen-ttCWcHhOoQ-6SJZSnum-5EBaYU7E9vK9MizzlPifG0s1McucKLDYUK_Xp7mQI/s1600/login_phpmyadmin_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></strong></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 34px;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-size: x-large;">Prerequisite – LAMP server</span></span></h2>
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Before starting phpmyadmin installation, You must setup LAMP server on your <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/how-to-install-lamp-apache-24-mysql-56.html" target="_blank">centos 7</a> server. Copy and paste below command in terminal for quick setup . At the end, you need to provide some inputs .</div>
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<span style="color: #333333;">» </span><b><span style="color: blue;">leave blank for current mysql password.</span></b></div>
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<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12px;"># </span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">yum -y </span><span style="color: lime;">install httpd</span><span style="color: white;"> mariadb-server mariadb php php-mysql php-gd php-pear php-mbstring && systemctl start httpd.service && systemctl enable httpd.service && systemctl start mariadb && systemctl enable mariadb && firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service http && systemctl restart firewalld.service && mysql_secure_installation</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
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By default, centos 7 repository does not contains phpmyadmin package. we need to enable EPEL repository. Find the latest EPEL for centos 7 from <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/how-to-install-epel-repo-on-centos-and.html" target="_blank">EPEL for Centos 7</a></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px;">Step 1: </span><span style="font-family: "roboto slab";"><span style="line-height: 34px;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">Download and install </span><span style="color: red;">epel-release-7-x.noarch.rpm</span><span style="color: #0b5394;"> file . or install directly by copying the rpm link.</span></span></span></h2>
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<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# </span><span style="color: lime;">rpm -ivh</span><span style="color: white;"> http://epel.mirror.net.in/epel/7/x86_64/e/epel-release-7-1.noarch.rpm</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px;">Step 2: </span><span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "roboto slab";"><span style="line-height: 34px;">Update repositories by issuing below command </span></span></h2>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# yum </span><span style="color: lime;">check-update</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px;">Step 3: </span><span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "roboto slab";"><span style="line-height: 34px;">Now install phpmyadmin package along with dependencies.</span></span></h2>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# yum -y install </span><span style="color: lime;">phpmyadmin</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px;">Step 4: </span><span style="font-family: "roboto slab";"><span style="line-height: 34px;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">After installation, Open </span><span style="color: red;">/etc/httpd/conf.d/phpMyAdmin.conf</span><span style="color: #0b5394;"> file ( Apache config file for phpmyadmin ) and edit as follows.</span></span></span><span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "roboto slab"; line-height: 34px;">Find these lines . ( Found 2 times )</span></h2>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"># Apache 2.4
     <RequireAny>
       Require ip 127.0.0.1
       Require ip ::1
     </RequireAny> </pre>
</pre>
<div style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px;">Replace with </span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; font-family: 'roboto slab'; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"># Apache 2.4
    <RequireAny>
      # Require ip 127.0.0.1
      # Require ip ::1
      Require all granted
    </RequireAny></span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px;">Step 5: </span><span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "roboto slab";"><span style="line-height: 34px;">Restart Apache service.</span></span></h2>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: black; font-family: 'roboto slab'; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# systemctl restart httpd.service</span></span></pre>
<div style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
<div style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'roboto slab'; line-height: 28px;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Now open http://serverIP/phpmyadmin in your browser. You can login using root as username and mysql root password .</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_cGI1PxQmIJ7U3szB4gdBkBbnXsE4jhZNzEjGFumPO9WKnkMFS6XE5XtRDCtnViBOIQs3SDWPjjtspFHKrwIAFU0IJoZdtsT_QY37e-uMjQiwLlQLehwxTH6UV3Ey27mSvw0OFuQs7FKb/s1600/install-phpmyadmin-centos-7_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_cGI1PxQmIJ7U3szB4gdBkBbnXsE4jhZNzEjGFumPO9WKnkMFS6XE5XtRDCtnViBOIQs3SDWPjjtspFHKrwIAFU0IJoZdtsT_QY37e-uMjQiwLlQLehwxTH6UV3Ey27mSvw0OFuQs7FKb/s1600/install-phpmyadmin-centos-7_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'roboto slab'; line-height: 28px;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<br /></div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; font-family: 'roboto slab'; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" target="_blank">Hack The Security</a>
<a href="https://www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity" target="_blank">Hack The Security Twitter</a>
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/htsecu" target="_blank">Hack The Security Facebook</a></pre>
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How to install phpmyadmin on centos 7

Install phpmyadmin on centos 7 Phpmyadmin is an opensource tool to manage MySQL database using web browser. it can perform almost ...

How to Force Redirect to www or non-www in Htaccess

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 class="title single-title title20" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 28px; line-height: 38px; margin: 0px 0px 5px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #990000;">Redirect to www or non-www in Htaccess</span></h2>
<div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
For <b>SEO purposes</b> this is good practice to keep your website urls either with www or without www only. In this tutorial you will learn how to force redirect to <b>www</b> or non-www url only. 301 status code tells search engines that the page has permanently moved to a new location.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXnFVAtIK93tJonxEbCOIFK5h8V7UVhJ-kafettzvQ8qcjkxdLxk0R7YxgkjsuhCudtmWlQNEVJoMgmMK7EdzG1TWQZQTrW9QSOkA5BJ4Zt9ID8zOPThEZpWXKjOH0OSh6J4I4IymdlPlW/s1600/non-www+Redirect+to+www+htaccess_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXnFVAtIK93tJonxEbCOIFK5h8V7UVhJ-kafettzvQ8qcjkxdLxk0R7YxgkjsuhCudtmWlQNEVJoMgmMK7EdzG1TWQZQTrW9QSOkA5BJ4Zt9ID8zOPThEZpWXKjOH0OSh6J4I4IymdlPlW/s1600/non-www+Redirect+to+www+htaccess_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px;">Force Redirect to WWW or Non-WWW</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Login to server with admin privileges and navigate to document root of your website. Now create a .htaccess file using one of below content as per your requirements.</div>
<h3 class="heading2" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 8px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Force non-www to www</span></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
This will force url as www.example.com, this will always add www in url either you accessed it with or witout www.</div>
<pre class="pretty" style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(240, 240, 240); border-left-color: rgb(116, 183, 63); border-left-width: 3px; border-radius: 5px; border-style: none none none solid; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 8px 20px 8px 18px; vertical-align: baseline;">RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^example.com [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.example.com/$1 [L,R=301,NC]<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h3 class="heading2" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 8px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Force www to non-www</span></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
This will force url as example.com, this will always remove www from url, you either accessed it with or witout www.</div>
<pre class="pretty" style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(240, 240, 240); border-left-color: rgb(116, 183, 63); border-left-width: 3px; border-radius: 5px; border-style: none none none solid; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 8px 20px 8px 18px; vertical-align: baseline;">RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.example\.com [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://example.com/$1 [L,R=301,NC]<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Enable .htaccess to Work</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Before using <b>.htaccess</b>, make sure your <b>.htaccess</b> is enabled to use in Apache. To enable this add following settings under your domains VirtualHost.</div>
<pre class="pretty" style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(240, 240, 240); border-left-color: rgb(116, 183, 63); border-left-width: 3px; border-radius: 5px; border-style: none none none solid; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 8px 20px 8px 18px; vertical-align: baseline;"><VirtualHost *:80>

[...]
    <Directory "/home/user/public_html">
         Allowoverride all
    </Directory>
    [...]

</VirtualHost><span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Enable Apache Rewrite Module</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Also make sure Apache <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_rewrite.html" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">rewrite</a> module is enabled. If not use the following command to enable module.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">$ sudo </span><span style="color: lime;">a2enmode</span><span style="color: white;"> rewrite<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" target="_blank">Hack The Security</a>
<a href="https://www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity" target="_blank">Hack The Security Twitter</a>
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/htsecu" target="_blank">Hack The Security Facebook</a></span></pre>
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How to Force Redirect to www or non-www in Htaccess

Redirect to www or non-www in Htaccess For SEO purposes this is good practice to keep your website urls either with www or without www...

How to Setup X11VNC Server on Ubuntu & LinuxMint

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 class="title single-title title20" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 28px; line-height: 38px; margin: 0px 0px 5px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #cc0000;">X11VNC Server on Ubuntu,LinuxMint & Debian</span></h2>
<div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">X11VNC</span> is the popular VNC server for creating remote desktop connection and access remote desktop. It works will almost all the desktop environment available for Ubuntu and Debian based systems. Using remote desktop connection we can connect any remote system and access graphical user interface and work. We can use any available <b>vnc viewer</b> like tight vnc viewer, real vnc viewer or ultra vnc viewer.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b>X11VNC</b> can be a better remote support software for you. This tutorial will help you to setup x11vnc server on your <b><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Ubuntu" target="_blank">Ubuntu</a>, <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/LinuxMint" target="_blank">LinuxMint</a> & <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Debian" target="_blank">Debian</a></b> system and connect using vnc viewer from client system.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwRpefC79_o6qQQtviC1z8fiPhYtPG9oZBjNvwLmbtorPQfNFxLoYzK-0CBwOI2YROo3ojStk6JwG5LpsgUKuCKvgBfwkxBoQWYvAFktjMuMUCgxTFmsRCWcWXsAMVjs_Y6SnArbhZnHtV/s1600/vnc_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwRpefC79_o6qQQtviC1z8fiPhYtPG9oZBjNvwLmbtorPQfNFxLoYzK-0CBwOI2YROo3ojStk6JwG5LpsgUKuCKvgBfwkxBoQWYvAFktjMuMUCgxTFmsRCWcWXsAMVjs_Y6SnArbhZnHtV/s1600/vnc_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px;">Install X11VNC</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
X11vnc packages are available under default repositories, So just update default repositories and install.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">$ sudo </span><span style="color: lime;">apt-get</span><span style="color: white;"> update
$ sudo apt-get </span><span style="color: lime;">install x11vnc</span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Create Password</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Now create a password to connect using vnc viewer from client system.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">$ </span><span style="color: lime;">x11vnc</span><span style="color: white;"> -storepasswd

Enter VNC password: </span><orange><span style="color: lime;">*********</span></orange><span style="color: white;">
Verify password: </span><orange><span style="color: lime;">********* </span></orange><orange style="color: orange;"> </orange><span style="color: white;">  
Write password to /home/rahul/.vnc/passwd?  [y]/n </span><orange><span style="color: lime;">y</span></orange><span style="color: white;">
Password written to: /home/rahul/.vnc/passwd</span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
Start X11VNC Server</h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
After successful installation of x11vnc server on your system. Let’s start it using following command. Change the parameters as per your setup.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;">$ sudo x11vnc -auth guess -forever -loop -noxdamage -repeat -rfbauth /home/rahul/.vnc/passwd -rfbport 5900 -shared<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Setup AutoStart on Boot</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Finally setup the auto start of x11vnc server on system boot. Create a<span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">x11vnc.conf</span> file under /etc/init/ directory using following content.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;">$ sudo vi /etc/init/x11vnc.conf<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<pre class="pretty" style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(240, 240, 240); border-left-color: rgb(116, 183, 63); border-left-width: 3px; border-radius: 5px; border-style: none none none solid; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 8px 20px 8px 18px; vertical-align: baseline;"># description "Start <span style="color: lime;">x11vnc</span> on system boot"

description "<span style="color: lime;">x11vnc</span>"

start on runlevel [2345]
stop on runlevel [^2345]

console log

respawn
respawn limit 20 5

exec /usr/bin/x11vnc -auth guess -forever -loop -noxdamage -repeat -rfbauth /home/rahul/.vnc/passwd -rfbport 5900 -shared<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: red;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Hack The Security</span></a></span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;"><br /><a href="https://www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity" style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Hack The Security Twitter</span></a></span></span><br />
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How to Setup X11VNC Server on Ubuntu & LinuxMint

X11VNC Server on Ubuntu,LinuxMint & Debian X11VNC is the popular VNC server for creating remote desktop connection and access remo...

How to Install Let's Encrypt Free SSL Certificate On Your Website

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #990000; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Let's Encrypt Free SSL Certificate</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Another Big Milestone – Let's Encrypt is now offering Free HTTPS certificates to everyone.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Let's Encrypt has opened to the public, allowing anyone to obtain Free SSL/TLS (Secure </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Socket Layer/Transport Layer Security) certificates for their web servers and to set up </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">HTTPS websites in a few simple steps (mentioned below).</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1sjOf0OvF38_XIzP1MSCnDswZKku0NZgHHzM3Z0u2KqzLUnVIxfvxHsQgWR_pD0bERZ5kp_IzF3JXdVT_d_pC-sGpGXU8Rop8uMcJbOtiwJITUBEOJZRtWyRc1k9qWxBUXzxDFhzmVPTE/s1600/free-ssl-certificate_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="394" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1sjOf0OvF38_XIzP1MSCnDswZKku0NZgHHzM3Z0u2KqzLUnVIxfvxHsQgWR_pD0bERZ5kp_IzF3JXdVT_d_pC-sGpGXU8Rop8uMcJbOtiwJITUBEOJZRtWyRc1k9qWxBUXzxDFhzmVPTE/s640/free-ssl-certificate_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b>Let's Encrypt</b> – an initiative run by the Internet Security Research Group (ISRG) – is a new, free, and open certificate authority recognized by all major browsers, including Google's Chrome, Mozilla's Firefox and Microsoft's Internet Explorer.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The Free SSL Certification Authority is now in public beta after testing a trial among a select group of volunteers.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;"><u><b>Why Let's Encrypt?</b></u></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Let's Encrypt promised to offer a certificate authority (CA) which is:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b>Free</b> – no charge for HTTPS certs.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b>Automatic</b> – the installation, configuration as well as the renewal of the certificates do not require any administrator action.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b>Open</b> – the automatic issuance, as well as renewal procedures, will be published as the open standard.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b>Transparent</b> – the records of all certs issuance or revocation will be available publicly.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b>Secure</b> – the team is committed to being a model of best practice in their own operations.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b>Cooperative</b> – Let's Encrypt is managed by a multi-stakeholder organization and exists to benefit the community, not any of the consortium members.</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
<b><u><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">How to Install Let's Encrypt Free SSL Certificate</span></u></b><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 28px;">First of all, let's say you want to get a certificate for example.com. To run the installation, you must have root access to your example.com web server.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 28px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 28px;">To Generate and Install Let's Encrypt Free SSL Certificate, you must first download and run the Let's Encrypt client application.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 28px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 28px;">To install Let's Encrypt Free SSL certificate follow these Steps:</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "roboto slab";"><span style="line-height: 28px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "roboto slab";"><span style="line-height: 28px;">Step 1: Login to your 'example.com' web server using SSH with root access.</span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "roboto slab"; line-height: 28px;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: transparent;">Step 2: To install the Git version control system, type the following command:</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: small; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;"><span style="color: white;">apt-get install git</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: transparent;">Step 3: Then download and install the latest version of Let's Encrypt Client application, type the following commands:</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;">
<span style="color: white;">git clone https://github.com/letsencrypt/</span><span style="color: lime;">letsencrypt</span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;">
<span style="color: white;">cd </span><span style="color: lime;">letsencrypt</span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;">
<span style="color: white;">./letsencrypt-auto</span></div>
</pre>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Step 4: Once the installation starts, press Enter to accept the agreement.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Step 5: Then press Enter to specify the server name manually in the text box (<span style="color: red;">for example,www.example.com</span>) and then press Enter.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Step 6: Next, enter your email address, where you can receive messages from Let's Encrypt and to recover lost keys, and then press Enter.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Step 7: Review the 'Terms of Service,' and then press Enter to generate and install the SSL certificate.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Once the installation completes, you'll receive a '<span style="color: lime;">Congratulation</span>' message.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b><u>How to Configure Nginx/<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Apache" target="_blank">Apache</a> for Let's Encrypt SSL Certificate</u></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">By default, Nginx or Apache web servers are not configured to how to use your new certificates.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">For example, in case of Nginx: To use the installed SSL certificate, you need to edit Nginx configuration file. Type the following command to open Nginx configuration file:</span><br />
<br />
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: small; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;"><span style="color: white;">$ sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/www.example.com</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: transparent;">Within that file, add the following lines.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;">
<span style="color: white;">http{</span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;">
<span style="color: white;">server{</span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;">
<span style="color: white;">…</span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;">
<span style="color: white;">listen 443 ssl;</span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;">
<span style="color: white;">server_name www.example.com;</span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;">
<span style="color: white;">ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.example.com/fullchain.pem;</span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;">
<span style="color: white;">ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/.wwwexample.com/privkey.pem;</span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;">
<span style="color: white;">…</span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;">
<span style="color: white;">}</span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;">
<span style="color: white;">}</span></div>
</pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: transparent;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 28px;">Save the file, and just restart your Nginx web server, using the following command:</span></span></span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: small; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;"><span style="color: white;">$ </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; white-space: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "times new roman";">sudo </span><span style="color: lime; font-family: "times new roman";">nginx</span><span style="color: white; font-family: "times new roman";"> -s reload</span></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">That's it! Check complete <a href="https://letsencrypt.readthedocs.org/en/latest/">documentation</a> here. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Congratulation you have successfully installed SSL certificate for your example.com domain.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b>Note : <span style="color: red;">How to Renew Let's Encrypt Free SSL Certificate:</span></b><span style="color: red;"> It is important to note that the beta version of</span></span><br />
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Let's Encrypt issues certificates that expire after 90 days. So, to renew your SSL certificate, you need</span></span><br />
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">to run the letsencrypt-auto script again after expiration.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">Hack The Security</a></span></span><br />
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity">Hack The Security Twitter</a></span></span></div>

How to Install Let's Encrypt Free SSL Certificate On Your Website

Let's Encrypt Free SSL Certificate Another Big Milestone – Let's Encrypt is now offering Free HTTPS certificates to everyone. ...

How to Enable HTTP/2.0 in Apache

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 class="title single-title title20" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 28px; line-height: 38px; margin: 0px 0px 5px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #990000;">Enable HTTP/2.0 in Apache</span></h2>
<div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
HTTP/2 (HTTP/2.0) is the major upgrade over older version HTTP/1.1 protocol.HTTP/1 was released in 1997 and after a long time the HTTP/2 is released in 2015. HTTP/2 protocol is based on SPDY (generally known as speedy). Some of the key improvements of HTTP/2 are:</div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRfzX8891XlZ3GSmUKBfVQWYHbJq9ePIvrusvCt7O368M31f-hfprjN_8bVPypAWKTe48HzPvOz6JxXoLwgs9JXYIXL8NKdx5h84WQF-xCRZ8PXBPIoxlbqnBrGGM5LEqx2L0ycXRdYwtD/s1600/http2_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="172" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRfzX8891XlZ3GSmUKBfVQWYHbJq9ePIvrusvCt7O368M31f-hfprjN_8bVPypAWKTe48HzPvOz6JxXoLwgs9JXYIXL8NKdx5h84WQF-xCRZ8PXBPIoxlbqnBrGGM5LEqx2L0ycXRdYwtD/s320/http2_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="320" /></a>
<li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Server push:</span> Server will pro-actively sent components to clients, So clients doesn’t need to wait for sending requests to server.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Multiplexing:</span> Reducing number of active connection by bundling multiple HTTP requests from client and sent to server.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Encryption</span>: efficiently use to encryption with TLS protocol in HTTP/2 over HTTP/1.1.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">HTTP header compression:</span> Compressed headers will reduce the overhead of additional requests to web server.</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="heading1" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Install or Update Apache</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
HTTP/2 protocol supported over <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Apache" target="_blank">Apache</a> version >=2.4.17</span>. So make sure that your <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Apache" target="_blank">Apache</a> version supporting HTTP/2 protocol. If you have not installed Apache or using older version upgrade it first. Use the following commands to add PPA for installing latest Apache2 version on your Ubuntu system.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">$ sudo apt-get install </span><span style="color: lime;">python-software-properties</span><span style="color: white;">
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/apache2
$ sudo </span><span style="color: lime;">apt-get</span><span style="color: white;"> update
$ sudo apt-get install </span><span style="color: lime;">apache2</span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Verify Apache Version</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
After successful installation of <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Apache" target="_blank">Apache2</a> web server on your system, make sure you have Apache >=2.4.17, Earlier version does not supports HTTP/2 protocol.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">$ apache2 -v

Server version: </span><span style="color: lime;">Apache/2.4.17 (Ubuntu)</span><span style="color: white;">
Server built:   2015-11-05T00:00:00</span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Enable HTTP/2 in <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Apache" target="_blank">Apache</a></span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
HTTP/2 protocol requires SSL/TLS virtual hosts. You can’t use HTTP/2 protocol without SSL/TLS enabled websites. Now edit your website VirtualHost and add <orange>http2</orange> keyword in listen section.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;">$ sudo a2enmod http2
$ sudo service apache2 restart<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Verify HTTP/2</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Now configure a VirtualHost with SSL for your domain and use following online tool for testing HTTP/2 support on your website.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: red; outline: none; text-decoration: none;"><a href="https://tools.keycdn.com/http2-test" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">https://tools.keycdn.com/http2-test</a><br /><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" target="_blank">Hack The Security</a><br /><a href="https://www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity" target="_blank">Hack The Security Twitter</a><br /><a href="http://facebook.com/htsecu" target="_blank">Hack The Security Facebook</a></span></div>
</div>
</div>

How to Enable HTTP/2.0 in Apache

Enable HTTP/2.0 in Apache HTTP/2 (HTTP/2.0) is the major upgrade over older version HTTP/1.1 protocol.HTTP/1 was released in 1997 and a...

How To Protect SSH/FTP using Fail2ban on CentOS/RHEL

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #555555; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><br />
<h2 class="title single-title title20" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 28px; line-height: 38px; margin: 0px 0px 5px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #990000;">Protect SSH/FTP using Fail2ban on <span style="color: #990000;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Centos" target="_blank">CentOS</a>/<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/RHEL" target="_blank">RHEL</a></span></span></h2>
<div>
<br /></div>
<span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Fail2ban</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px;"> is very useful application for you, if you are managing security of server, or you are running your own vps or physical server. Fail2ban scan log files created on system and has ability to ban ips which found malicious bassed on configuration rules. We can use it for monitoring various system services logs like Apache, SSH and blog the ips which are trying to breach the system’s security.</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvYwtsMX3Bq2_cXxy4niiEgIqf37zBT4OxmPthki2VDo-2_0ZGme6o8Dh9MCx8WbtvpA4_X4oExHdUqhEhJyd4273kHqF-JYwU3ulTphv8qzTenWsVnqudq6s8eqXAhMzZesm-wnqwqIUw/s1600/fail2ban-on-centos_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="272" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvYwtsMX3Bq2_cXxy4niiEgIqf37zBT4OxmPthki2VDo-2_0ZGme6o8Dh9MCx8WbtvpA4_X4oExHdUqhEhJyd4273kHqF-JYwU3ulTphv8qzTenWsVnqudq6s8eqXAhMzZesm-wnqwqIUw/s640/fail2ban-on-centos_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #0b5394; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #0b5394; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px;">Step 1: Install EPEL RPM Repository</span><br />
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 28px;">Fail2ban is available in <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/how-to-install-epel-repo-on-centos-and.html" target="_blank">EPEL</a> repository, So make sure you have installed <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/how-to-install-epel-repo-on-centos-and.html" target="_blank">EPEL</a> repository in your system or you can use </span><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/how-to-install-epel-repo-on-centos-and.html" style="line-height: 28px; outline: none; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">these instructions</a><span style="line-height: 28px;"> to install it.</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="line-height: 28px;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 2: Install Fail2ban Package</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
After installing required repository use yum package manager to install Fail2ban rpm package using following command.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"># yum install fail2ban<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 3: Setup Fail2ban Default Configuration</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Fail2ban provides its own security configuration file <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/etc/fail2ban/jail.conf</span>, but we need to create a copy of this file as <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">jail.local</span>.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"># cp /etc/fail2ban/jail.conf /etc/fail2ban/jail.local<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Now we need to make necessory changes in jail.local file to create ban rules. Edit this file in your favorite editor and make changes in <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[DEFAULT]</span> section.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"># "ignoreip" can be an IP address, a CIDR mask or a DNS host. Fail2ban will use as always allowed, 
# so add your system ip to protect your ip from banned.
<orange style="color: orange;">ignoreip = 127.0.0.1/8 192.168.1.0/24 11.22.33.44</orange>

# "bantime" is the total number of seconds that a host is banned (3600sec = 1 Hour ).
<orange style="color: orange;">bantime  = 3600</orange>

# A host is banned if it has generated "maxretry" during the last "findtime" seconds. as per below 
# settings, 2 minutes
<orange style="color: orange;">findtime  = 120</orange>

# "maxretry" is the number of failures before a host get banned.
<orange style="color: orange;">maxretry = 3 </orange><span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 4: Protect SSH/SFTP</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
After completing default configuration, go down in the same file jail.local and update <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[ssh-iptables]</span> section as below.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;">enabled  = true
filter   = sshd
action   = iptables[name=SSH, port=22, protocol=tcp]
           sendmail-whois[name=SSH, dest=root, sender=admin@hackthesec.co.in, sendername="Fail2Ban"]
logpath  = /var/log/secure
maxretry = 3<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 5: Protect FTP (vsFTPd) Server</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Let’s protect your FTP (vsFTPd) server, Find the below entry of <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[vsftpd-iptables]</span> section and make changes as below. If you are not using vsFTPd, you can skip this section.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;">[vsftpd-iptables]

enabled  = true
filter   = vsftpd
action   = iptables[name=VSFTPD, port=21, protocol=tcp]
           sendmail-whois[name=VSFTPD, dest=admin@hackthesec.co.in]
logpath  = /var/log/vsftpd.log
maxretry = 5
bantime  = 1800<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 6: Restart Fail2ban Service</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
After making all the changes save your file and restart Fail2ban service using following command.</div>
<br />
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
<div class="single-post-ad" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: both; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
<br />
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;"># service fail2ban restart
# chkconfig fail2ban on<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" target="_blank">Hack The Security</a>
<a href="https://www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity" target="_blank">Hack The Security Twitter</a>
<a href="http://facebook.com/htsecu" target="_blank">Hack The Security Facebook</a></pre>
</div>

How To Protect SSH/FTP using Fail2ban on CentOS/RHEL

Protect SSH/FTP using Fail2ban on CentOS / RHEL Fail2ban is very useful application for you, if you are managing security of server, ...

How to Install Apache Tomcat 9 (Alpha) on CentOS & RHEL

java version "</span><orange><span style="color: lime;">1.8.0_66</span></orange><span style="color: white;">"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_66-b17)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.66-b17, mixed mode)</span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">

</span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Tomcat 9 is designed to run on Java SE 8 and later. So make sure you have installed correct version on your system. If you don’t have Java installed on your system or installed lower version, use one of following link to install Java first.</div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red; outline: none; text-decoration: none;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/how-to-install-java-8-jdk-8u66-on_22.html" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Install Java 8 CentOS/RHEL & Fedora</a></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #0b5394; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px;">Step 2: Download Tomcat Archive</span><br /><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Download Apache Tomcat 9 archive file using following commands or you can visit <a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/download-90.cgi">Tomcat 9 official download page</a> for download most recent available version. After downloading extract archive file in /opt directory. You may change this location as per your setup.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;"># cd /usr/local
# wget http://www.us.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.0.M1/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M1.tar.gz
# tar </span><orange><span style="color: white;">xzf</span></orange><span style="color: white;"> apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M1.tar.gz
# mv apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M1 tomcat9</span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h5 class="heading1" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 3: Configure Environment Variables</span></h5>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Before starting Tomcat, configure CATALINA_HOME environment variable in your system using following commands.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"># echo "export CATALINA_HOME=\"/usr/local/tomcat9\"" >> ~/.bashrc
# source ~/.bashrc<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h5 class="heading1" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 4: Setup User Accounts</span></h5>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Finally we need to create user accounts to secure and access admin/manager pages. Edit <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">conf/tomcat-users.xml</span> file in your editor and paste inside <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><tomcat-users> </tomcat-users></span> tags.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red;"><green></green>
</span><span style="color: white;"><role rolename="</span><orange><span style="color: lime;">manager-gui</span></orange><span style="color: white;">" />
<user username="</span><orange><span style="color: lime;">manager</span></orange><span style="color: white;">" password="</span><orange><span style="color: lime;">_SECRET_PASSWORD_</span></orange><span style="color: white;">" roles="</span><orange><span style="color: lime;">manager-gui</span></orange><span style="color: white;">" />

</span><span style="color: red;"><green></green>
</span><span style="color: white;"><role rolename="</span><orange><span style="color: lime;">admin-gui</span></orange><span style="color: white;">" />
<user username="</span><orange><span style="color: lime;">admin</span></orange><span style="color: white;">" password="</span><orange><span style="color: lime;">_SECRET_PASSWORD_</span></orange><span style="color: white;">" roles="</span><orange><span style="color: lime;">manager-gui,admin-gui</span></orange><span style="color: white;">" /></span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h5 class="heading1" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 5: Starting Tomcat</span></h5>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Tomcat is very easy to use, There are no need to compile its source. You simple extract the archive and start the tomcat server. Tomcat by default start on port 8080, So make sure no other application using the same port.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"># cd /usr/local/tomcat9
# ./bin/startup.sh<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[Sample Output]</span></div>
<pre class="pretty" style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(240, 240, 240); border-left-color: rgb(116, 183, 63); border-left-width: 3px; border-radius: 5px; border-style: none none none solid; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 8px 20px 8px 18px; vertical-align: baseline;">Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat9
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat9
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat9/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /opt/jdk1.8.0_66
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat9/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat9/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h5 class="heading1" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 6: Access Tomcat in Browser</span></h5>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Tomcat server default works on port <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">8080</span>. Access tomcat on web browser by connecting your server on port 8080.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><purple>Access Tomcat Home:-</purple></span> This is default tomcat home page. There are no authentication required to access this page..</div>
<pre class="pretty" style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(240, 240, 240); border-left-color: rgb(116, 183, 63); border-left-width: 3px; border-radius: 5px; border-style: none none none solid; font-size: 0.9em; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 8px 20px 8px 18px; vertical-align: baseline;">http://localhost:8080 </pre>
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How to Install Apache Tomcat 9 (Alpha) on CentOS & RHEL

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