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How to install VNC server on Centos 7

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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "trebuchet" , "trebuchet ms" , "arial" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px;"><b>VNC </b>server is used to connect and control desktop environment of the server from remote clients. <b>VNC viewer</b> is used on remote computer to connect the server .</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "trebuchet" , "trebuchet ms" , "arial" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px;">In the article we can learn about how to install vnc server on <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Centos">centos 7</a> . we can use the default packages provided in the <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Centos">centos </a>yum repository.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "trebuchet" , "trebuchet ms" , "arial" , "verdana" , sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"><strong style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; line-height: 19.2px;"><a class="titlex" href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/how-to-setup-x11vnc-server-on-ubuntu.html" style="display: block; font-family: 'Open Sans', serif, sans-serif; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 5px 0px 0px; max-height: 36px; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none;"></a></strong></span><br />
<strong style="line-height: 19.2px;"><strong style="line-height: 19.2px;"><a class="titlex" href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/how-to-setup-x11vnc-server-on-ubuntu.html" style="display: inline; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 5px 0px 0px; max-height: 36px; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">How to Setup X11VNC Server on Ubuntu & LinuxMint</span></a></strong></strong><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #0b5394; font-family: "trebuchet" , "trebuchet ms" , "arial" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 24px; line-height: 28px;">Install vnc server on centos 7</span><br />
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<span style="color: #222222;">Let’s start. If you don’t have desktop environment ( </span><b><span style="color: magenta;">X windows</span></b><span style="color: #222222;"> ), issue the below commands one by one to install. It will take few minutes to install packages.</span></div>
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<code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# yum check-update<br />[root@</span><span style="color: white;">hackthesec </span><span style="color: white;">~]# yum groupinstall "X Window System"<br />[root@</span><span style="color: white;">hackthesec </span><span style="color: white;">~]# yum </span><span style="color: lime;">install gnome-classic-session gnome-terminal</span><span style="color: white;"> nautilus-open-terminal control-center liberation-mono-fonts</span><br /><span style="color: white;">[root@</span><span style="color: white;">hackthesec </span><span style="color: white;">~]# </span><span style="color: lime;">unlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target</span><br /><span style="color: white;">[root@</span><span style="color: white;">hackthesec </span><span style="color: white;">~]# ln -sf /lib/systemd/system/graphical.target /etc/systemd/system/default.target</span><br /><span style="color: white;">[root@</span><span style="color: white;">hackthesec </span><span style="color: white;">~]# </span><span style="color: lime;">reboot</span></code><br />
<span style="color: #222222;">After reboot, you will get Centos 7 desktop .</span></div>
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Now start installing VNC packages.<br />
<strong>Step 1 :</strong> Issue the below command to install VNC package.</div>
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<code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@</span><span style="color: white;">hackthesec </span><span style="color: white;"> ~]# yum install </span><span style="color: lime;">tigervnc-server</span><span style="color: white;"> -y</span></code><br />
<strong style="color: #222222;">Step 2 </strong><strong style="color: #222222;">:</strong><span style="color: #222222;"> Create a file </span><span style="color: red;"><strong>vncserver@:1.service</strong> in <strong>/etc/systemd/system/</strong></span><span style="color: #222222;"> directory by copying example config file </span><strong><span style="color: red;">/lib/systemd/system/vncserver@.service</span></strong></div>
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<b style="color: #222222;"><br /></b><code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@</span><span style="color: white;">hackthesec </span><span style="color: white;">~]# cp /lib/systemd/system/</span><span style="color: lime;">vncserver@.service</span><span style="color: white;"> /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service</span></code><br />
<strong style="color: #222222;">Step 3 </strong><strong style="color: #222222;">:</strong><span style="color: #222222;"> Now open </span><strong><span style="color: red;">/etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service</span></strong><span style="color: #222222;"> file and replace</span><user style="color: #222222;">with your username .<br />Find these lines ..</user></div>
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<user><br /><code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;"><span style="color: lime;">ExecStart=/sbin/runuser -l <USER> -c "/usr/bin/vncserver %i"</span><span style="color: white;">PIDFile=/home/<USER>/.vnc/%H%i.pid</span></code><br /><span style="color: #222222;">Replace ( Considering username as john )</span></user></div>
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<user><br /><code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;"><span style="color: white;">ExecStart=/sbin/runuser -l john -c "/usr/bin/vncserver %i"</span><br /><span style="color: lime;">PIDFile=/home/john/.vnc/%H%i.pid</span></code><br /><span style="color: #222222;">If you are creating for root user .</span></user></div>
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<user><br /><code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;"><span style="color: white;">ExecStart=/sbin/runuser -l </span><span style="color: lime;">root </span><span style="color: white;">-c "/usr/bin/vncserver %i"</span><br /><span style="color: white;">PIDFile=/root/.vnc/%H%i.pid</span></code><br /><strong style="color: #222222;">Step 4 </strong><strong style="color: #222222;">:</strong><span style="color: #222222;"> Reload systemd for changes.</span></user></div>
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<user><br /><code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@krizna ~]# systemctl </span><span style="color: lime;">daemon-reload</span></code><br /><strong style="color: #222222;">Step 5 </strong><strong style="color: #222222;">:</strong><span style="color: #222222;"> Create VNC password for the user .</span></user></div>
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<user><br /><code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@</span><span style="color: white;">hackthesec </span><span style="color: white;">~]# </span><span style="color: lime;">vncpasswd</span></code><br /><strong style="color: #222222;">Step 6 </strong><strong style="color: #222222;">:</strong><span style="color: #222222;"> Enable and start the service using the below commands.</span><br /><span style="color: #222222;">Enable service at startup ( Permanent ).</span></user></div>
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<user><br /><code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@</span><span style="color: white;">hackthesec </span><span style="color: white;">~]# systemctl enable </span><span style="color: lime;">vncserver@:1.service</span></code><br /><span style="color: #222222;">Start the service .</span></user></div>
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<user><br /><code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; color: white; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;">[root@hackthesec ~]# systemctl start vncserver@:1.service</code><br /><strong>Step 7 </strong><strong>:</strong> Allow VNC service in firewall.</user></div>
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<user><br /><code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@</span><span style="color: white;">hackthesec </span><span style="color: white;">~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service vnc-server<br />[root@</span><span style="color: white;">hackthesec </span><span style="color: white;">~]# </span><span style="color: lime;">systemctl restart firewalld.service</span></code><br /><span style="color: #222222;">Now you can able to connect VNC server using IP and Port ( Eg : 192.168.1.10:1 )</span></user></div>
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<user><br /></user></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMdCA7z_GFilu5Cs6j1a6cNCfeRBU3p5fmQqh08t1azT8VXWB5B-Cebvg0hfJCONu105aS9WZ9c52PuLLB7I60Rbix8_c3ubsTK42qcp45t_NFzjCbgAcRbeRbKoYwyIYVx5Tv9S8tDuIn/s1600/install-vnc-server-centos-7_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMdCA7z_GFilu5Cs6j1a6cNCfeRBU3p5fmQqh08t1azT8VXWB5B-Cebvg0hfJCONu105aS9WZ9c52PuLLB7I60Rbix8_c3ubsTK42qcp45t_NFzjCbgAcRbeRbKoYwyIYVx5Tv9S8tDuIn/s1600/install-vnc-server-centos-7_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" /></a></div>
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<user><span style="color: #222222;">You can use VNC client like </span><a href="http://www.tightvnc.com/" rel="nofollow" style="color: #0f4884; text-decoration: none;" title="TightVNC">Tightvnc viewer</a><span style="color: #222222;"> and </span><a href="https://www.realvnc.com/" rel="nofollow" style="color: #0f4884; text-decoration: none;" title="realvnc viewer">Realvnc viewer</a><span style="color: #222222;"> to connect Server.</span><br /><span style="color: #222222;">For additional users create files with different ports ( Refer Step 2 )</span><strong><span style="color: red;">vncserver@:2.service</span></strong><span style="color: #222222;"> by copying example config file and continue the steps 3,4,5 and 6 by replacing service name. Please make sure you logged in as that particular user for creating vnc password ( Step 5 ).</span></user></div>
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Additional Commands :</h3>
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<user></user></div>
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 To stop VNC service .<br />
<code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; color: white; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;">[root@hackthesec ~]# systemctl stop vncserver@:1.service</code><br />
 To disable VNC service from startup ( permanent ).</div>
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<code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; color: white; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;">[root@hackthesec ~]# systemctl disable vncserver@:1.service</code><br />
To stop firewall ( For troubleshooting ).</div>
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<code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@krizna ~]# systemctl</span><span style="color: lime;"> stop firewalld.service<br /><br /></span><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" style="color: #999999; text-decoration: none;">Hack The Security</a><br style="color: lime;" /><a href="https://www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity" style="color: #999999; text-decoration: none;">Hack The Security Twitter</a><br style="color: lime;" /><a href="http://facebook.com/htsecu" style="color: #999999; text-decoration: none;">Hack The Security Facebook</a></code></div>
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<user><br /></user></div>
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How to install VNC server on Centos 7

VNC server is used to connect and control desktop environment of the server from remote clients. VNC viewer is used on remote computer to ...

How to setup FTP server on centos 7 ( VSFTP )

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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Trebuchet, 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px;">FTP server is used to exchange files between computers over network . This guide helps you to setup ftp server on centos 7 . This guide contains configuration steps for both FTP and SFTP as well as user creation . Here i’ve used VSFTP package which is secure and less vulnerable .</span><br />
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Trebuchet, 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px;">1. </span>FTP Server<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Trebuchet, 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Trebuchet, 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px;">2. </span>SFTP Server<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Trebuchet, 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Trebuchet, 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px;">3. </span>User creation</span><br />
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">Setup FTP server on centos 7</span><span style="color: #222222;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="FTP"></a></span></h1>
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<strong style="color: #222222;">Step 1 :</strong><span style="color: #222222;"> Update your repository and install <b>VSFTPD </b>package .</span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222;"><br /></span><code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; color: white; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;">[root@hackthesec ~]# yum check-update<br />[root@hackthesec ~]# yum -y install vsftpd</code><br /><strong style="color: #222222;">Step 2 </strong><strong style="color: #222222;">:</strong><span style="color: #222222;"> After installation you can find </span><strong><span style="color: red;">/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf</span></strong><span style="color: #222222;"> file which is the main configuration file for VSFTP.</span><br /><span style="color: #222222;">Take a backup copy before making changes .</span></div>
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<br /><code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# mv /etc/</span><span style="color: lime;">vsftpd</span><span style="color: white;">/vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf.org</span></code></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-size: large;">Now open the file and make changes as below</span><br />
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<br /><code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; color: white; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;">[root@hackthesec ~]# nano /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf</code></div>
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #222222;">Find this line </span><strong><span style="color: red;">anonymous_enable=YES</span></strong><span style="color: #222222;"> ( Line no : 12 ) and change value to NO to disable anonymous FTP access.</span></span><br />
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Trebuchet, 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;">
<br /><code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; color: white; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;">anonymous_enable=NO</code></div>
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">Uncomment the below line ( Line no : 100 ) to restrict users to their home directory.</span><br />
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<br /><code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; color: white; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;">chroot_local_user=YES</code></div>
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">and add the below lines at the end of the file to enable passive mode and allow chroot writable.</span><br />
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Trebuchet, 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px;">
<br /><code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; color: white; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;">allow_writeable_chroot=YES<br />pasv_enable=Yes<br />pasv_min_port=40000<br />pasv_max_port=40100</code><br /><strong>Step 3 </strong><strong>:</strong> Now restart vsftpd service and make it start automatically after reboot.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Trebuchet, 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px;">
<br /><code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# systemctl </span><span style="color: lime;">restart </span><span style="color: white;">vsftpd.service</span><br /><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# </span><span style="color: lime;">systemctl enable vsftpd.service</span></code><br /><strong style="color: #222222;">Step 4 </strong><strong style="color: #222222;">:</strong><span style="color: #222222;"> Add FTP service in firewall to allow ftp ports .</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Trebuchet, 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px;">
<br /><code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# </span><span style="color: lime;">firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=ftp</span><br /><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# firewall-cmd --reload</span></code><br /><strong style="color: #222222;">Step 5 </strong><strong style="color: #222222;">:</strong><span style="color: #222222;"> Setup SEinux to allow ftp access to the users home directories .</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Trebuchet, 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px;">
<br /><code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# setsebool </span><span style="color: lime;">-P ftp_home_dir on</span></code><br /><strong style="color: #222222;">Step 6 </strong><strong style="color: #222222;">:</strong><span style="color: #222222;"> Now create an User for ftp access. Here</span><span style="color: red;"> <strong>/sbin/nologin</strong></span><span style="color: #222222;"> shell is used to prevent shell access to the server .</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Trebuchet, 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px;">
<br /><code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# useradd </span><span style="color: lime;">-m dave -s /sbin/nologin</span><br /><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# passwd dave</span></code></div>
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<span style="color: #222222;">Now user dave can able to login ftp on port 21 .</span><br />
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<br />You can <a href="https://filezilla-project.org/" rel="nofollow" style="color: #0f4884; text-decoration: none;" title="Filezilla">filezilla</a> or <a href="http://winscp.net/eng/download.php" rel="nofollow" style="color: #0f4884; text-decoration: none;" title="Winscp download">winscp</a> client for accessing files.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEim_29sfoA7aGhZnCZsbVJFWuHP5fVUNiuSkmcUEflO9L24ul4MAUHZVUz1N4AkGndvjVKwk3pYu_Swm-FxTbWQ6sWEuMB2DVrNaFiFVh0LOWgB2adtTOSTX4MT-3VjPWug705c2DaYnoZg/s1600/Setup-ftp-server-centos-7_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEim_29sfoA7aGhZnCZsbVJFWuHP5fVUNiuSkmcUEflO9L24ul4MAUHZVUz1N4AkGndvjVKwk3pYu_Swm-FxTbWQ6sWEuMB2DVrNaFiFVh0LOWgB2adtTOSTX4MT-3VjPWug705c2DaYnoZg/s1600/Setup-ftp-server-centos-7_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
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<h1 style="background-color: white; clear: both; font-family: Trebuchet, 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal; height: auto; line-height: 31px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 614px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">SFTP server</span><span style="color: #222222;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="SFTP"></a></span></h1>
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<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Trebuchet, 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px;">
<span style="color: #222222;">SFTP ( Secure File Transfer Protocol ) is used to encrypt connections between clients and the FTP server. It is highly recommended to use SFTP because data is transferred over encrypted connection using SSH-tunnel on </span><span style="color: red;"><strong>port 22 </strong>.</span><br /><span style="color: #222222;">Basically we need openssh-server package to enable SFTP .</span><br /><span style="color: #222222;">Install openssh-server package, if its not already installed.</span></div>
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<br /><code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# yum -y install </span><span style="color: lime;">openssh-server</span></code><br /><strong style="color: #222222;">Step 7 </strong><strong style="color: #222222;">:</strong><span style="color: #222222;"> Create a separate group for FTP access.</span></div>
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<br /><code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# groupadd </span><span style="color: lime;">ftpaccess</span></code><br /><strong style="color: #222222;">Step 8 </strong><strong style="color: #222222;">:</strong><span style="color: #222222;"> Now open </span><strong><span style="color: red;">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</span></strong><span style="color: #222222;"> file and make changes as below.</span><br /><span style="color: #222222;">Find and comment the below line ( Line no : 147 ).</span></div>
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<br /><code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;"><span style="color: white;">#Subsystem sftp /usr/libexec/openssh/</span><span style="color: lime;">sftp-server</span></code></div>
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<span style="color: #222222;">and add these lines below.</span><br />
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<br /><code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;"><span style="color: white;">Subsystem sftp internal-sftp</span><br /><span style="color: lime;">Match group ftpaccess</span><span style="color: white;">ChrootDirectory %h</span><br /><span style="color: white;">X11Forwarding no</span><br /><span style="color: lime;">AllowTcpForwarding no</span><span style="color: white;">ForceCommand internal-sftp</span></code><br /><strong style="color: #222222;">Step 9 </strong><strong style="color: #222222;">:</strong><span style="color: #222222;"> Now restart sshd service.</span></div>
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<br /><code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# </span><span style="color: lime;">systemctl restart sshd</span></code><span style="color: #222222;">Now your SFTP server is configured and ready .</span></div>
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<h1 style="background-color: white; clear: both; font-family: Trebuchet, 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal; height: auto; line-height: 31px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 614px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">User creation</span><span style="color: #222222;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="user"></a></span></h1>
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<strong>Step 10 </strong><strong>:</strong> Create user jack with /sbin/nologin shell and ftpaccess group</div>
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<br /><code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# </span><span style="color: lime;">useradd -m jack -s /sbin/nologin -g ftpaccess</span><br /><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# passwd jack</span></code></div>
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<span style="color: #222222;">Now assign root ownership for the home directory for chroot access and modify permission.</span><br />
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<br /><code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# chown root /home/jack<br />[root@hackthesec ~]# </span><span style="color: lime;">chmod 750 /home/jack</span></code></div>
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<span style="color: #222222;">Create a directory </span><strong style="color: #222222;">www</strong><span style="color: #222222;"> inside home directory for writing and modify ownership .</span><br />
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<br /><code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# mkdir /home/jack/www<br />[root@hackthesec ~]# chown </span><span style="color: lime;">jack:ftpaccess /home/jack/www</span></code><br /><span style="color: #222222;">Now jack can use both ftp and sftp services . He can upload files in </span><span style="color: red;"><strong>www</strong> </span><span style="color: #222222;">directory .</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqHadkjAgVk5SyUs3LkT37VDuWg1jmvuRj9h1ee1OivV7ZoVu6s_SibJocd30oQOJyyRznJ7LqOjjVUZrZHN3LAnxW3bbnDDRFJQ6psEUrkBdeqhOdZg8rueGorzRl8ZiuGim4g-ZSjvey/s1600/Setup-ftp-server-centos-7-1_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqHadkjAgVk5SyUs3LkT37VDuWg1jmvuRj9h1ee1OivV7ZoVu6s_SibJocd30oQOJyyRznJ7LqOjjVUZrZHN3LAnxW3bbnDDRFJQ6psEUrkBdeqhOdZg8rueGorzRl8ZiuGim4g-ZSjvey/s1600/Setup-ftp-server-centos-7-1_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
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If you are going to use FTP and SFTP together in the same server, you should follow above steps while creating users . For existing users add them to ftpaccess and make below changes.</div>
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<br /><code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# usermod </span><span style="color: lime;">dave -g ftpaccess</span><br /><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# chown root /home/dave</span><br /><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# chmod </span><span style="color: lime;">750 /home/dave</span><br /><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# mkdir /home/dave/www</span><br /><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# </span><span style="color: lime;">chown dave:ftpaccess /home/dave/www</span></code><code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;"><span style="color: lime;"><br /></span></code><code style="background-color: #0e0e0e; border-radius: 5px; display: block; font-family: Verdana, 'MS Sans Serif', sans-serif, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; padding: 4px;"><span style="color: lime;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">Hack The Security</a><br /><a href="https://www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity">Hack The Security Twitter</a><br /><a href="http://facebook.com/htsecu">Hack The Security Facebook</a></span></code></div>
</div>

How to setup FTP server on centos 7 ( VSFTP )

FTP server is used to exchange files between computers over network . This guide helps you to setup ftp server on centos 7 . This guide con...

How to setup mail server on centos 7

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<h1 style="background-color: white; clear: both; font-stretch: normal; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; width: 614px;">
<span style="color: #990000; font-family: Trebuchet, Trebuchet MS, Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 30px;"><u>Setup mail server on centos 7</u></span></span></h1>
<h1 style="background-color: white; clear: both; color: #333333; font-family: Trebuchet, 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; height: auto; line-height: 31px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; width: 614px;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px;">This article helps you to install and configure basic mail server on </span><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Centos" style="color: #0f4884; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; text-decoration: none;" title="Centos">Centos</a><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px;"> 7. Here i have used Postfix for SMTP, Dovecot for POP/IMAP and Dovecot SASL for SMTP AUTH.</span></h1>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2px;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: trebuchet, 'trebuchet ms', arial, verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px;">Before proceeding please make sure you have assigned static IP for the server and have internet connectivity for installing packages.</span></div>
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                                <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwXFjlAbKP-BbS_imp_3im9swmB_1h-YvwnJ9adp3dLHRZ8SnhttbxG5pHeSzoLgYS1-xSDzZRkhdzDCgkfeg1k4YK4AC19sZy8_R90QH-NNjOMo2IOvktIgpRdZ1fbp2Ti2SOaCOvx5mV/s1600/mailserver-with-virtual-users-and-domains-using-postfix-and-dovecot-in-centos-6+_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwXFjlAbKP-BbS_imp_3im9swmB_1h-YvwnJ9adp3dLHRZ8SnhttbxG5pHeSzoLgYS1-xSDzZRkhdzDCgkfeg1k4YK4AC19sZy8_R90QH-NNjOMo2IOvktIgpRdZ1fbp2Ti2SOaCOvx5mV/s1600/mailserver-with-virtual-users-and-domains-using-postfix-and-dovecot-in-centos-6+_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: trebuchet, trebuchet ms, arial, verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 30px;"><b><u>Setup mail server on centos 7</u></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 30px;">1. Installing packages</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: trebuchet, trebuchet ms, arial, verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 30px;">2. Postfix configuration</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: trebuchet, trebuchet ms, arial, verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 30px;">3. Dovecot configuration</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: trebuchet, trebuchet ms, arial, verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 30px;">4. User creation</span></span></div>
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<div style="font-family: trebuchet, 'trebuchet ms', arial, verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;">
<b><u><span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;">Step 1: Installing packages</span></u></b></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Step 1 : Assign hostname for the server using the below command</span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">.</span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">[root@hackthesec~]# hostnamectl set-hostname mail.hackthesec.co.in</span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: trebuchet, trebuchet ms, arial, verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 30px; white-space: normal;">
</span></span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #222222;">Step 2 : Make a host entry with your IP in </span><span style="color: #990000;"><b>/etc/hosts</b> </span><span style="color: #222222;">file.</span></span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">172.27.0.51 mail.hackthesec.co.in</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Step 3 : Now start installing packages.</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec~]# yum -y </span><span style="color: lime;">install postfix dovecot</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">After package installation continue with postfix configuration.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: trebuchet, trebuchet ms, arial, verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 30px;"><b><u>Step 2 : Postfix configuration</u></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">First create SSL certificate for encryption.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Step 4: Follow the below steps one by one for creation</span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">.</span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">[root@hackthesec ~]# mkdir /etc/postfix/ssl
[root@</span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ~]# cd /etc/postfix/ssl</span>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">[root@</span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ssl]# openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 2048</span>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">[root@</span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ssl]# openssl rsa -in server.key -out server.key.insecure</span>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">[root@</span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ssl]# mv server.key server.key.secure</span>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">[root@</span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ssl]# mv server.key.insecure server.key</span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #222222;">Leave blank for </span><b><span style="color: #990000;">A challenge password []</span></b><span style="color: #222222;"> value in the below step.</span></span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ssl]# openssl req -new -key </span><span style="color: lime;">server.key -out server.csr</span><span style="color: white;">
[root@hackthesec ssl]# openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #222222;">Step 5 : Now open</span><span style="color: #990000;"><b> /etc/postfix/main.cf</b></span><span style="color: #222222;"> file for changes.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Find and uncomment the below lines</span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">.</span></div>
<div style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal;">
</div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">#inet_interfaces = localhost #---> line no 116
#mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost #--> line no 164</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">and add below lines at the end of the file. change <b>myhostname </b>and <b>mydomain </b>values with yours and <b>home_mailbox</b> value to your desired directory. Here it will store mails in the users home directory (Eg: /home/john/mail ).</span></span></div>
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<pre class="xtypo_info" style="background: url("assets/shadow.png") 50% 100% repeat-x rgb(245, 245, 245); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 0px 0px 3px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 1px 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;">myhostname = mail.hackthesec.co.in
mydomain = hackthesec.co.in
myorigin = $mydomain
home_mailbox = mail/
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8
inet_interfaces = all
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, $mydomain
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_local_domain =
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated,permit_mynetworks,reject_unauth_destination
smtp_tls_security_level = may
smtpd_tls_security_level = may
smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/server.key
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/server.crt
smtpd_tls_received_header = yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s
tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom</pre>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #222222;">Step 6 : Open </span><b><span style="color: #990000;">/etc/postfix/master.cf</span></b><span style="color: #222222;"> file, add the below lines after "</span><span style="color: #990000;">smtp inet n – n – – smtpd</span><span style="color: #222222;">" line</span></span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">.</span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: trebuchet, 'trebuchet ms', arial, verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;">
<pre class="xtypo_info" style="background: url("assets/shadow.png") 50% 100% repeat-x rgb(245, 245, 245); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 0px 0px 3px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 1px 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;">submission     inet  n       -       n       -       -       smtpd
  -o syslog_name=postfix/submission
  -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
  -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
  -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
smtps     inet  n       -       n       -       -       smtpd
  -o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
  -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
  -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
  -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
Now check the configuration using postfix check command.
Step 7 : Now configure Dovecot SASL for SMTP Auth. Open /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf file, find “# Postfix smtp-auth” line ( line no:95 ) and add the below lines.
# Postfix smtp-auth
unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {mode = 0660
user = postfix
group = postfix
}</pre>
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<div style="font-family: trebuchet, 'trebuchet ms', arial, verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;">
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal;">
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Now check the configuration using <b><span style="color: #990000;">postfix check</span></b> command.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Step 7 : Now configure Dovecot SASL for SMTP Auth. Open <b><span style="color: #990000;">/etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf</span></b> file, find "<b><span style="color: #990000;"># Postfix smtp-auth</span></b>" line ( line no:95 ) and add the below lines.</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># Postfix smtp-auth
</span><span style="color: lime;">unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {mode = 0660
</span><span style="color: white;">user = postfix
group = postfix
}</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #222222;">Step 8 : Open </span><b><span style="color: #990000;">/etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf</span></b><span style="color: #222222;"> file, find "<b>auth_mechanisms = plain</b>" ( Line no: 100 ) and add login to the value like below.</span></span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime;">auth_mechanisms</span><span style="color: white;"> = plain login</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Step 9 : Postfix configuration is over. Now restart both postfix and dovecot services and enable auto start</span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">.</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: orange;">[root@mail ~]# systemctl restart postfix
</span><span style="color: white;">[root@mail ~]# systemctl enable postfix
</span><span style="color: lime;">[root@mail ~]# systemctl restart dovecot
</span><span style="color: orange;">[root@mail ~]# systemctl enable dovecot</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Step 10 : Add the firewall rules to allow <b>25, 587 and 465</b> ports</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">.</span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@mail ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=smtp
</span><span style="color: lime;">[root@mail ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=587/tcp
</span><span style="color: white;">[root@mail ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=465/tcp
</span><span style="color: orange;">[root@mail ~]# firewall-cmd --reload</span></span></span></pre>
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<div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #222222;">Now start testing connectivity for each ports 25,587 and 465 using telnet and make sure you are getting </span><span style="color: #990000;"><b>AUTH PLAIN LOGIN</b></span><span style="color: #222222;"> line after issuing <b>ehlo mail.hackthesec.co.in </b>command in telnet</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">.</span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@mail ~]# </span><span style="color: lime;">telnet mail.hackthesec.co.in 465</span><span style="color: white;">
Trying 172.27.0.51...
Connected to mail.hackthesec.co.in.
Escape character is '^]'.
</span><span style="color: orange;">220 mail.hackthesec.co.in ESMTP Postfix
</span><span style="color: white;">ehlo mail.hackthesec.co.in</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Step 3 : Dovecot configuration</u></b></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Start configuring Dovecot</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #222222;">Step 11 : Open </span><b><span style="color: #990000;">/etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf</span></b><span style="color: #222222;"> file, find <b>#mail_location =</b> (line no : 30 ) and add the same directory which is given to home_mailbox in the postfix config file ( Step 5)</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">.</span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">mail_location = </span><span style="color: lime;">maildir:~/mail</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #222222;">Step 12 : Open </span><b><span style="color: #990000;">/etc/dovecot/conf.d/20-pop3.conf</span></b><span style="color: #222222;"> file, find and uncomment the below line ( line no : 50 )</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">.</span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: lime; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">pop3_uidl_format = %08Xu%08Xv</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Step 13 : Restart dovecot service</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">.</span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@mail ~]# </span><span style="color: lime;">systemctl restart dovecot</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Step 14 : Add firewall rules to allow 110,143,993 and 995</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">.</span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime;">[root@mail ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=110/tcp
</span><span style="color: white;">[root@mail ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=pop3s
</span><span style="color: orange;">[root@mail ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=143/tcp
</span><span style="color: white;">[root@mail ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=imaps
[root@mail ~]# firewall-cmd --reload</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Check the connectivity for the ports 110,143,993 and 995 using telnet</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Step 4 : User creation</u></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Now create user for testing .</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #222222;">Step 15 : Create user with </span><b><span style="color: #990000;">/sbin/nologin</span></b><span style="color: #222222;"> shell to restrict login access</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">.</span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime;">[root@mail ~]# useradd -m john -s /sbin/nologin
</span><span style="color: white;">[root@mail ~]# passwd hackthesec</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Mail server is ready now, Configure user in your mail client and test send/receive</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">.</span></div>
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<img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-KvSTpPDbIqW1IOfpC424M9kQxnYaFzCZG7wO9XNDKTPS6lEYN_6UsN5XZrRvlDCj2ypN4O0teETtY3z2W6_uQjDAuwDLbCahUN7hvCt4qktVwfYNjZWBzEYa5_4RNUY8qrkrzNCKQZm1/s640/Setup+mail+server+on+centos+7_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: trebuchet, 'trebuchet ms', arial, verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;">
<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></div>
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How to setup mail server on centos 7

Setup mail server on centos 7 This article helps you to install and configure basic mail server on Centos 7. Here i have used Postfix ...

How to install phpmyadmin on centos 7

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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet" , "trebuchet ms" , "arial" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 30px; line-height: 31px;"><span style="color: #990000;">Install phpmyadmin on centos 7</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px;"><a href="http://www.phpmyadmin.net/" target="_blank">Phpmyadmin</a> is an opensource tool to manage <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Mysql" target="_blank">MySQL</a> database using web browser.</span></div>
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it can perform almost all tasks such as creating,deleting,modifying databases,users,tables and fields .</div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "roboto slab";"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-size: large;">This guide helps you to install phpmyadmin on <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Centos" target="_blank">centos 7</a>. it contains step by step installation through YUM using EPEL repository.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "roboto slab";"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></span><strong style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;"><span style="color: red; display: inline; font-family: "open sans" , serif , sans-serif; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0px; max-height: 200px; overflow: visible; text-decoration: none;"><span style="line-height: 1.4em; max-height: 200px;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/how-to-install-lamp-apache-24-mysql-56.html" target="_blank">How to Install LAMP (Apache 2.4, MySQL 5.6, and PHP 5.4) on CentOS/RHEL 7</a></span></span></strong></div>
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<strong style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;"><a class="titlex" href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/how-to-install-lamp-apache-24-mysql-56.html" style="display: block; font-family: 'Open Sans', serif, sans-serif; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0px; max-height: 200px; overflow: visible; text-decoration: none;"></a><a class="titlex" href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/how-to-install-lamp-apache-24-mysql-56.html" style="display: inline !important; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0px; max-height: 200px; overflow: visible; text-decoration: none;"></a></strong></div>
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<strong style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNwOQO6gfdYtrDV28BiI5f9hO9AAn3RhKOO73nHMK-aboQ3L1Cw0cWU1u_6lJSgNX0AeIiR2vL7mNGhyphenhyphen-ttCWcHhOoQ-6SJZSnum-5EBaYU7E9vK9MizzlPifG0s1McucKLDYUK_Xp7mQI/s1600/login_phpmyadmin_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNwOQO6gfdYtrDV28BiI5f9hO9AAn3RhKOO73nHMK-aboQ3L1Cw0cWU1u_6lJSgNX0AeIiR2vL7mNGhyphenhyphen-ttCWcHhOoQ-6SJZSnum-5EBaYU7E9vK9MizzlPifG0s1McucKLDYUK_Xp7mQI/s1600/login_phpmyadmin_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></strong></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 34px;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-size: x-large;">Prerequisite – LAMP server</span></span></h2>
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Before starting phpmyadmin installation, You must setup LAMP server on your <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/how-to-install-lamp-apache-24-mysql-56.html" target="_blank">centos 7</a> server. Copy and paste below command in terminal for quick setup . At the end, you need to provide some inputs .</div>
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<span style="color: #333333;">» </span><b><span style="color: blue;">leave blank for current mysql password.</span></b></div>
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<span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333;">» </span><span style="color: blue;">provide new password and press enter for the rest.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12px;"># </span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">yum -y </span><span style="color: lime;">install httpd</span><span style="color: white;"> mariadb-server mariadb php php-mysql php-gd php-pear php-mbstring && systemctl start httpd.service && systemctl enable httpd.service && systemctl start mariadb && systemctl enable mariadb && firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service http && systemctl restart firewalld.service && mysql_secure_installation</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
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By default, centos 7 repository does not contains phpmyadmin package. we need to enable EPEL repository. Find the latest EPEL for centos 7 from <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/how-to-install-epel-repo-on-centos-and.html" target="_blank">EPEL for Centos 7</a></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px;">Step 1: </span><span style="font-family: "roboto slab";"><span style="line-height: 34px;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">Download and install </span><span style="color: red;">epel-release-7-x.noarch.rpm</span><span style="color: #0b5394;"> file . or install directly by copying the rpm link.</span></span></span></h2>
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<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# </span><span style="color: lime;">rpm -ivh</span><span style="color: white;"> http://epel.mirror.net.in/epel/7/x86_64/e/epel-release-7-1.noarch.rpm</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px;">Step 2: </span><span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "roboto slab";"><span style="line-height: 34px;">Update repositories by issuing below command </span></span></h2>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# yum </span><span style="color: lime;">check-update</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px;">Step 3: </span><span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "roboto slab";"><span style="line-height: 34px;">Now install phpmyadmin package along with dependencies.</span></span></h2>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# yum -y install </span><span style="color: lime;">phpmyadmin</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px;">Step 4: </span><span style="font-family: "roboto slab";"><span style="line-height: 34px;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">After installation, Open </span><span style="color: red;">/etc/httpd/conf.d/phpMyAdmin.conf</span><span style="color: #0b5394;"> file ( Apache config file for phpmyadmin ) and edit as follows.</span></span></span><span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "roboto slab"; line-height: 34px;">Find these lines . ( Found 2 times )</span></h2>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"># Apache 2.4
     <RequireAny>
       Require ip 127.0.0.1
       Require ip ::1
     </RequireAny> </pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px;">Replace with </span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; font-family: 'roboto slab'; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"># Apache 2.4
    <RequireAny>
      # Require ip 127.0.0.1
      # Require ip ::1
      Require all granted
    </RequireAny></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px;">Step 5: </span><span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "roboto slab";"><span style="line-height: 34px;">Restart Apache service.</span></span></h2>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: black; font-family: 'roboto slab'; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# systemctl restart httpd.service</span></span></pre>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Now open http://serverIP/phpmyadmin in your browser. You can login using root as username and mysql root password .</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_cGI1PxQmIJ7U3szB4gdBkBbnXsE4jhZNzEjGFumPO9WKnkMFS6XE5XtRDCtnViBOIQs3SDWPjjtspFHKrwIAFU0IJoZdtsT_QY37e-uMjQiwLlQLehwxTH6UV3Ey27mSvw0OFuQs7FKb/s1600/install-phpmyadmin-centos-7_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_cGI1PxQmIJ7U3szB4gdBkBbnXsE4jhZNzEjGFumPO9WKnkMFS6XE5XtRDCtnViBOIQs3SDWPjjtspFHKrwIAFU0IJoZdtsT_QY37e-uMjQiwLlQLehwxTH6UV3Ey27mSvw0OFuQs7FKb/s1600/install-phpmyadmin-centos-7_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'roboto slab'; line-height: 28px;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<br /></div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; font-family: 'roboto slab'; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" target="_blank">Hack The Security</a>
<a href="https://www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity" target="_blank">Hack The Security Twitter</a>
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/htsecu" target="_blank">Hack The Security Facebook</a></pre>
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How to install phpmyadmin on centos 7

Install phpmyadmin on centos 7 Phpmyadmin is an opensource tool to manage MySQL database using web browser. it can perform almost ...

How to Force Redirect to www or non-www in Htaccess

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 class="title single-title title20" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 28px; line-height: 38px; margin: 0px 0px 5px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #990000;">Redirect to www or non-www in Htaccess</span></h2>
<div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
For <b>SEO purposes</b> this is good practice to keep your website urls either with www or without www only. In this tutorial you will learn how to force redirect to <b>www</b> or non-www url only. 301 status code tells search engines that the page has permanently moved to a new location.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXnFVAtIK93tJonxEbCOIFK5h8V7UVhJ-kafettzvQ8qcjkxdLxk0R7YxgkjsuhCudtmWlQNEVJoMgmMK7EdzG1TWQZQTrW9QSOkA5BJ4Zt9ID8zOPThEZpWXKjOH0OSh6J4I4IymdlPlW/s1600/non-www+Redirect+to+www+htaccess_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXnFVAtIK93tJonxEbCOIFK5h8V7UVhJ-kafettzvQ8qcjkxdLxk0R7YxgkjsuhCudtmWlQNEVJoMgmMK7EdzG1TWQZQTrW9QSOkA5BJ4Zt9ID8zOPThEZpWXKjOH0OSh6J4I4IymdlPlW/s1600/non-www+Redirect+to+www+htaccess_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px;">Force Redirect to WWW or Non-WWW</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Login to server with admin privileges and navigate to document root of your website. Now create a .htaccess file using one of below content as per your requirements.</div>
<h3 class="heading2" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 8px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Force non-www to www</span></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
This will force url as www.example.com, this will always add www in url either you accessed it with or witout www.</div>
<pre class="pretty" style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(240, 240, 240); border-left-color: rgb(116, 183, 63); border-left-width: 3px; border-radius: 5px; border-style: none none none solid; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 8px 20px 8px 18px; vertical-align: baseline;">RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^example.com [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.example.com/$1 [L,R=301,NC]<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h3 class="heading2" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 8px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Force www to non-www</span></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
This will force url as example.com, this will always remove www from url, you either accessed it with or witout www.</div>
<pre class="pretty" style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(240, 240, 240); border-left-color: rgb(116, 183, 63); border-left-width: 3px; border-radius: 5px; border-style: none none none solid; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 8px 20px 8px 18px; vertical-align: baseline;">RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.example\.com [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://example.com/$1 [L,R=301,NC]<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Enable .htaccess to Work</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Before using <b>.htaccess</b>, make sure your <b>.htaccess</b> is enabled to use in Apache. To enable this add following settings under your domains VirtualHost.</div>
<pre class="pretty" style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(240, 240, 240); border-left-color: rgb(116, 183, 63); border-left-width: 3px; border-radius: 5px; border-style: none none none solid; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 8px 20px 8px 18px; vertical-align: baseline;"><VirtualHost *:80>

[...]
    <Directory "/home/user/public_html">
         Allowoverride all
    </Directory>
    [...]

</VirtualHost><span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Enable Apache Rewrite Module</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Also make sure Apache <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_rewrite.html" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">rewrite</a> module is enabled. If not use the following command to enable module.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">$ sudo </span><span style="color: lime;">a2enmode</span><span style="color: white;"> rewrite<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" target="_blank">Hack The Security</a>
<a href="https://www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity" target="_blank">Hack The Security Twitter</a>
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/htsecu" target="_blank">Hack The Security Facebook</a></span></pre>
<div>
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How to Force Redirect to www or non-www in Htaccess

Redirect to www or non-www in Htaccess For SEO purposes this is good practice to keep your website urls either with www or without www...

How to Setup X11VNC Server on Ubuntu & LinuxMint

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 class="title single-title title20" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 28px; line-height: 38px; margin: 0px 0px 5px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #cc0000;">X11VNC Server on Ubuntu,LinuxMint & Debian</span></h2>
<div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">X11VNC</span> is the popular VNC server for creating remote desktop connection and access remote desktop. It works will almost all the desktop environment available for Ubuntu and Debian based systems. Using remote desktop connection we can connect any remote system and access graphical user interface and work. We can use any available <b>vnc viewer</b> like tight vnc viewer, real vnc viewer or ultra vnc viewer.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b>X11VNC</b> can be a better remote support software for you. This tutorial will help you to setup x11vnc server on your <b><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Ubuntu" target="_blank">Ubuntu</a>, <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/LinuxMint" target="_blank">LinuxMint</a> & <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Debian" target="_blank">Debian</a></b> system and connect using vnc viewer from client system.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwRpefC79_o6qQQtviC1z8fiPhYtPG9oZBjNvwLmbtorPQfNFxLoYzK-0CBwOI2YROo3ojStk6JwG5LpsgUKuCKvgBfwkxBoQWYvAFktjMuMUCgxTFmsRCWcWXsAMVjs_Y6SnArbhZnHtV/s1600/vnc_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwRpefC79_o6qQQtviC1z8fiPhYtPG9oZBjNvwLmbtorPQfNFxLoYzK-0CBwOI2YROo3ojStk6JwG5LpsgUKuCKvgBfwkxBoQWYvAFktjMuMUCgxTFmsRCWcWXsAMVjs_Y6SnArbhZnHtV/s1600/vnc_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px;">Install X11VNC</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
X11vnc packages are available under default repositories, So just update default repositories and install.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">$ sudo </span><span style="color: lime;">apt-get</span><span style="color: white;"> update
$ sudo apt-get </span><span style="color: lime;">install x11vnc</span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Create Password</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Now create a password to connect using vnc viewer from client system.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">$ </span><span style="color: lime;">x11vnc</span><span style="color: white;"> -storepasswd

Enter VNC password: </span><orange><span style="color: lime;">*********</span></orange><span style="color: white;">
Verify password: </span><orange><span style="color: lime;">********* </span></orange><orange style="color: orange;"> </orange><span style="color: white;">  
Write password to /home/rahul/.vnc/passwd?  [y]/n </span><orange><span style="color: lime;">y</span></orange><span style="color: white;">
Password written to: /home/rahul/.vnc/passwd</span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
Start X11VNC Server</h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
After successful installation of x11vnc server on your system. Let’s start it using following command. Change the parameters as per your setup.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;">$ sudo x11vnc -auth guess -forever -loop -noxdamage -repeat -rfbauth /home/rahul/.vnc/passwd -rfbport 5900 -shared<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Setup AutoStart on Boot</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Finally setup the auto start of x11vnc server on system boot. Create a<span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">x11vnc.conf</span> file under /etc/init/ directory using following content.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;">$ sudo vi /etc/init/x11vnc.conf<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<pre class="pretty" style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(240, 240, 240); border-left-color: rgb(116, 183, 63); border-left-width: 3px; border-radius: 5px; border-style: none none none solid; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 8px 20px 8px 18px; vertical-align: baseline;"># description "Start <span style="color: lime;">x11vnc</span> on system boot"

description "<span style="color: lime;">x11vnc</span>"

start on runlevel [2345]
stop on runlevel [^2345]

console log

respawn
respawn limit 20 5

exec /usr/bin/x11vnc -auth guess -forever -loop -noxdamage -repeat -rfbauth /home/rahul/.vnc/passwd -rfbport 5900 -shared<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: red;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Hack The Security</span></a></span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;"><br /><a href="https://www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity" style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Hack The Security Twitter</span></a></span></span><br />
<a href="http://facebook.com/htsecu" style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Hack The Security Facebook</span></a></div>
</div>

How to Setup X11VNC Server on Ubuntu & LinuxMint

X11VNC Server on Ubuntu,LinuxMint & Debian X11VNC is the popular VNC server for creating remote desktop connection and access remo...