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Git – Create Remote Repository

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<span style="color: #990000;"><u><i>Git – Create Remote Repository</i></u></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In this chapter of Git Tutorial, You will learn how to create remote git repository on remote server which will be used as centralized repository by developers. All the developers needed to make a clone of this repository on their local system to start work. They can also add this to there existing repository to push file to this repository.</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red; outline: none; text-decoration: none;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/02/how-to-install-git-270-on-ubuntu.html" target="_blank">Install Git on Ubuntu, Debian & LinuxMint</a></span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red; outline: none; transition: all 0.25s linear;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/02/how-to-install-git-270-on-centosrhel-76.html" target="_blank">Install Git on CentOS, Red Hat and Fedora</a></span></li>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">1. Create System User</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">First create a system user, which will be used to connect repository on server from client systems.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); font-size: 0.9em; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">$ </span><orange><span style="color: lime;">sudo adduser git </span></orange><span style="color: white;">

Adding user `git' ...
Adding new group `git' (1001) ...
Adding new user `git' (</span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em; line-height: 1.3em;">1001</span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em; line-height: 1.3em;">) with group `git' ...</span><span style="color: white;">
</span><span style="color: lime;">Creating home directory `/home/git' ...
</span><span style="color: white;">Copying files from `/etc/skel' ...
Enter new UNIX password: </span><span style="color: blue;">*********</span><span style="color: white;">
Retype new UNIX password: </span><span style="color: blue;">*********</span><span style="color: white;">
passwd: password updated successfully
Changing the user information for git
</span><span style="color: yellow;">Enter the new value, or press ENTER for the default
</span><span style="color: white;"> Full Name []: 
 Room Number []: 
 Work Phone []: 
 Home Phone []: 
 Other []: 
Is the information correct? [Y/n] y
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">2. Crete Bare Repository</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now create a git bare repository. This repository will be used as remote repository by developers. First we are creating a project directory. After that I will create our first git repository named app1.git inside project directory. Try to keep repository name ending with .git for better naming convention.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="color: white;">$ </span><span style="color: lime;">mkdir project</span><span style="color: white;">
$ cd project

</span><span style="color: lime;">$ mkdir app1.git
</span><span style="color: white;">$ cd app1.git</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now use following command to initialize repository. Do not forgot to use –bare keyword in command to create bare repository.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="color: white;">$ </span><orange><span style="color: lime;">git --bare init</span></orange><span style="color: white;">

Initialized empty Git repository in </span><span style="color: lime;">/home/git/project/app1.git/</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">If you list files inside repository you will not find directory named .git due to bare repository, You will see their many files like below</span></div>
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total 32
drwxrwxr-x 2 git git 4096 Oct  8 12:33 branches
-rw-rw-r-- 1 git git   66 Oct  8 12:33 config
-rw-rw-r-- 1 git git   73 Oct  8 12:33 description
-rw-rw-r-- 1 git git   23 Oct  8 12:33 HEAD
drwxrwxr-x 2 git git 4096 Oct  8 12:33 hooks
drwxrwxr-x 2 git git 4096 Oct  8 12:33 info
drwxrwxr-x 4 git git 4096 Oct  8 12:33 objects
drwxrwxr-x 4 git git 4096 Oct  8 12:33 hackthesec</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">3. Access Repository From Dev PC</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now you can make a clone of this repository from clients system using following command.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="color: white;">$ git clone </span><span style="color: lime;">git@remote.example.com:project/app1.git

</span></span><pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 0.9em;">HackTheSec
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</span><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" style="font-size: 0.9em;">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></pre>
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Git – Create Remote Repository

Git – Create Remote Repository In this chapter of Git Tutorial, You will learn how to create remote git repository on remote server whi...

How to Install Git 2.7.0 on CentOS/RHEL 7/6 and Fedora 23/22

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<span style="color: #990000;"><u><i>Install Git 2.7.0 on CentOS/RHEL 7/6 & Fedora 23/22</i></u></span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Git</span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px;"> has released 2.7.0 version on Jan 04, 2016. Git is a free and open source distributed version control system . It is designed to handle a small to very large projects with speed and efficiency. To read more details and changes about Git 2.7.0 read Git </span><a href="https://raw.github.com/git/git/master/Documentation/RelNotes/2.7.0.txt" style="background-color: white; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; outline: none; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.25s linear;" target="_blank">release notes</a><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px;">. If you are using a Git repository for your development, then you must required a git client on your system and you need to install git client on your workstation system.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> For beginners visit <a href="http://try.github.io/levels/1/challenges/1" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Git console</a> on your browser and learn Git uses and command line tips.</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/02/how-to-install-git-270-on-ubuntu.html" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Install Git on Ubuntu, Debian & LinuxMint</span></a></li>
<li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/02/git-create-remote-repository.html" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">How to Create Git Main Repository</span></a></li>
</ul>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 1 – Install Required Packages</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Before installing Git from source code, make sure you have already installed required packages on your system. If not use following command to install required packages.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="color: white;"># yum install curl-devel expat-devel gettext-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel 
# yum install </span><span style="color: lime;">gcc perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 2 – Download and Install Git</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Download latest Git source code from <a href="https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">kernel git</a> or simply use following command to download Git 2.7.0.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="color: white;"># cd /usr/src
# </span><span style="color: lime;">wget </span><span style="color: white;">https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-2.7.0.tar.gz
# </span><span style="color: lime;">tar xzf</span><span style="color: white;"> git-2.7.0.tar.gz</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">After downloading and extracting Git source code, Use following command to compile source code.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="color: white;"># cd git-2.7.0
# make </span><span style="color: lime;">prefix=<orange>/usr/local/git</orange></span><span style="color: white;"> all
# make prefix=</span><orange><span style="color: lime;">/usr/local/git</span></orange><span style="color: white;"> install
# echo "export PATH=$PATH:</span><span style="color: lime;"><orange>/usr/local/git</orange>/bin</span><span style="color: white;">" >> /etc/bashrc
# source /etc/bashrc</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 3 – Check Git Version</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">After completing above installation steps. you have successfully install Git on your system. Let’s use following command to check git version.</span></div>
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<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="color: white;"># </span><span style="color: lime;">git --</span><span style="color: white;">version

git version </span><span style="color: lime;">2.7.0

How to Install Git 2.7.0 on CentOS/RHEL 7/6 and Fedora 23/22

Install Git 2.7.0 on CentOS/RHEL 7/6 & Fedora 23/22 Git has released 2.7.0 version on Jan 04, 2016. Git is a free and open source d...

How to Install Git 2.7.0 on Ubuntu & LinuxMint

git version 2.7.0</span><span style="font-size: 0.9em;">

HackTheSec
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</span><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" style="font-size: 0.9em;">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></pre>
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How to Install Git 2.7.0 on Ubuntu & LinuxMint

Install Git 2.7.0 on Ubuntu & LinuxMint Git has released 2.7.0 version on Jan 04, 2016. Git is a free and open source distributed v...

How to Backup and Restore a MySQL Database

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<span style="color: #990000;"><u><i>Backup and Restore a MySQL Database</i></u></span></h2>
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<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">MySQL</span> is a database server for storing data permanently. If you are using <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Mysql" target="_blank">MySQL </a>server for an production use, then its necessary to create dataase backup for recovering from any crash. <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Mysql" target="_blank">MySQL </a>provides an utility <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/mysqldump.html" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.25s linear;" target="_blank">mysqldump</a> </span>for taking backups. In this article you will learn, to taken databases backup in<span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.sql</span> format for archive format. Also we will explain various options for it.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuoxi5s0F8G1O0EBBaQZsBkS53hGtJLk_5eq5KH15vOG2iLfA9nuLja5cUU2fWhS1X4g5P4ZlYYQqXwgEsl-yiFo4igoYjJqXmPJwPtqi0z2OfxgfDGLmW_NcgzWNb-Bd7hqB52-V5rAxI/s1600/mysq-linux-www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="145" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuoxi5s0F8G1O0EBBaQZsBkS53hGtJLk_5eq5KH15vOG2iLfA9nuLja5cUU2fWhS1X4g5P4ZlYYQqXwgEsl-yiFo4igoYjJqXmPJwPtqi0z2OfxgfDGLmW_NcgzWNb-Bd7hqB52-V5rAxI/s200/mysq-linux-www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px;">Options for Creating <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Mysql" target="_blank">MySQL </a>Databases Backup</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">You have many options for creating databases backups. read few options below. For this example we have using databse name “<b>mydb</b>”.</span></div>
<h3 class="heading2" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 8px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">1. Full Database Backup in Plain .sql File</span></h3>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;"> # mysqldump -u root -p </span><span style="color: lime;">mydb > mydb.sql</span><span style="color: white;">
</span></span></pre>
<h3 class="heading2" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 8px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">2. Full Database Backup in Archive</span><span style="color: red;"> .sql.gz File</span></h3>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;"> # mysqldump -u root -p mydb | </span><span style="color: lime;"><orange>gzip</orange> </span><span style="color: white;">> mydb.sql.gz
</span></span></pre>
<h3 class="heading2" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 8px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">3. Backup Single Table Only</span></h3>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;"> # mysqldump -u root -p </span><span style="color: lime;">mydb <orange>tbl_student</orange></span><span style="color: white;"> > tbl_student.sql
</span></span></pre>
<h3 class="heading2" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 8px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">4. Backup Multiple Databases</span></h3>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;"># mysqldump -u root -p </span><orange><span style="color: lime;">--databases mydb1 mydb2 mydb3</span></orange><span style="color: white;"> > mydb1-mydb2-mydb3.sql
</span></span></pre>
<h3 class="heading2" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 8px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">5. Backup All Databases</span></h3>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;"> # mysqldump -u root -p </span><orange><span style="color: lime;">--all-databases</span></orange><span style="color: white;"> > all-db-backup.sql
</span></span></pre>
<h3 class="heading2" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 8px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">6. Backup Database Structure Only (no data)</span></h3>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;"> # mysqldump -u root -p </span><span style="color: lime;"><orange>--no-data</orange> mydb > mydb.sql</span><span style="color: white;">
</span></span></pre>
<h3 class="heading2" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 8px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">7. Backup Database Data Only (no table structure)</span></h3>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;"> # mysqldump -u </span><span style="color: lime;">root -p <orange>--no-create-info</orange></span><span style="color: white;"> mydb > mydb.sql
</span></span></pre>
<h3 class="heading2" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 8px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">8. Backup MySQL Database in XML Format</span></h3>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;"> # </span><span style="color: lime;">mysqldump -u root -p <orange>--xml</orange></span><span style="color: white;"> mydb > mydb.xml
</span></span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">How to Restore MySQL Backup</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">For restoring databases from backup is quite simple. We use mysql command for it. For example following command will restore all backup from <b>mydb.sql</b> to <b>mydb database</b>.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;"># mysql</span><span style="color: lime;"> -u root -p mydb</span><span style="color: white;"> < mydb.sql

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How to Backup and Restore a MySQL Database

Backup and Restore a MySQL Database MySQL is a database server for storing data permanently. If you are using MySQL server for an prod...

How to Install Ionic Framework on Ubuntu, Debian and LinuxMint

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<h2 class="title single-title title20" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 28px; line-height: 38px; margin: 0px 0px 5px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #990000;"><u><i>Install Ionic Framework on <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Ubuntu" target="_blank">Ubuntu</a>, <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Debian" target="_blank">Debian </a>& <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/LinuxMint" target="_blank">LinuxMint</a></i></u></span></h2>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 26.6px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Welcome! Ionic is a powerful HTML5 SDK that helps you build native-feeling mobile apps using web technologies like HTML, CSS, and Javascript.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 26.6px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Ionic is focused mainly on the look and feel, and UI interaction of your app. That means we aren't a replacement for <a href="http://phonegap.com/" style="box-sizing: border-box; opacity: 0.8; text-decoration: none; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in-out, border-color;">PhoneGap</a> or your favorite Javascript framework. Instead, Ionic simply fits in well with these projects in order to simplify one big part of your app: the front end. We recommend reading <a href="http://ionicframework.com/blog/where-does-the-ionic-framework-fit-in/" style="box-sizing: border-box; opacity: 0.8; text-decoration: none; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in-out, border-color;">Where does the Ionic Framework fit in?</a> to get a good understanding of Ionic's goals.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 26.6px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b style="box-sizing: border-box;">Ionic currently requires AngularJS</b> in order to work at its full potential. While you can still use the CSS portion of the framework, you'll miss out on powerful UI interactions, gestures, animations, and other things.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 26.6px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">We will be releasing Cordova/PhoneGap plugins in the future to expand the capabilities of your apps.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 26.6px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>Inonic Framework</b> is useful for buliding mobile apps like <b>android </b>and <b>iOS</b>.This article will help you to install<b> NODE.JS, Cordova and Ionic framework </b>on your system.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrA7fWxgTL3kHx0HJNZOLk0AnqY1cPSiwqItpmlSIpnGZRDbmBbuSkO7hijVIwq1yl9_IKxGn-hUTXTWLML4IlrnlfrvFAcpWNzosrkpbHBjCf6XRs_9lUvXHZFVE1DBdQZu3c7dLWHgaB/s1600/ionic-framework_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrA7fWxgTL3kHx0HJNZOLk0AnqY1cPSiwqItpmlSIpnGZRDbmBbuSkO7hijVIwq1yl9_IKxGn-hUTXTWLML4IlrnlfrvFAcpWNzosrkpbHBjCf6XRs_9lUvXHZFVE1DBdQZu3c7dLWHgaB/s200/ionic-framework_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">.</span><span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px;">1. Install Node.js</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">First use the following commands to install npm and nodejs on your system. In below commands first command will installed some required packages on system. Second command will add ppa for node.js to your system. After that update your all attached ppa and last command will install nodejs and npm on your system.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">$ sudo </span><span style="color: lime;">apt-get install python-software-properties python g++ make</span><span style="color: white;">
$ sudo add-apt-repository </span><span style="color: lime;">ppa:chris-lea/node.js</span><span style="color: white;">
$ sudo </span><span style="color: lime;">apt-get</span><span style="color: white;"> update
$ sudo apt-get </span><span style="color: lime;">install nodejs</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">2. Install Cordova</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Now use the following command to install Cordova on your system using npm command. It will install all other required node modules on your system.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">$ sudo npm </span><span style="color: lime;">install -g cordova</span><span style="color: white;">
</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">3. Install Ionic Framework</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Ionic provides and command line utility for creating packages, build and start applications. Use npm command to install Ionic framework on your system.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">$ sudo npm install </span><span style="color: lime;">-g ionic</span><span style="color: white;">
</span></span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">After completing installation of Ionic framework, use following command to check installed version.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">$ </span><span style="color: lime;">ionic -v</span><span style="color: white;">

1.7.12</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">4. Create Your Project</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Now, You need to create a new <b><span style="color: red;">Cordova </span></b>project on your computer using following command.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">$ </span><span style="color: lime;">ionic start</span><span style="color: white;"> HelloWorld blank
</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Now use one of the following command to enable <b>iOS </b>or Android platform. <b>iOS </b>platform will work on <b>MacOS </b>only.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">$ </span><span style="color: lime;">ionic platform add ios</span><span style="color: white;">
</span><span style="color: lime;">$ ionic platform add android</span></span><span style="font-size: 0.9em;"><span style="color: lime;">
</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">For more details visit <a href="http://ionicframework.com/docs/guide/installation.html" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://ionicframework.com/docs/guide/installation.html</a><br /><a href="http://www.hackthese.co.in/" target="_blank">HackTheSec</a><br /><a href="https://www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity" target="_blank">HackTheSecTwitter</a><br /><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></span></div>
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How to Install Ionic Framework on Ubuntu, Debian and LinuxMint

Install Ionic Framework on Ubuntu , Debian & LinuxMint Welcome! Ionic is a powerful HTML5 SDK that helps you build native-feeling m...

How to Enable Apache mod_rewrite Module in Ubuntu & LinuxMint

How to Enable Apache mod_rewrite Module in Ubuntu & LinuxMint

Enable Apache mod_rewrite Module in Ubuntu & LinuxMint Some times you faced issues that Apache server is not reading your .htaccess...

How to Deny/Allow Access for Users & Groups in OpenSSH

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<span style="color: #990000;"><u><i>Deny/Allow Access for Users & Groups in OpenSSH</i></u></span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">For security purposes many times we required to restrict or allow for SSH access for specific Users or Groups. To make any changes edit <b>OpenSSH </b>configuration file <span style="color: red;">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</span> and do required changes for allowing or denying any user or group.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivKy0xlBQXhsEhAfY__0WDmxr-bKDN7hLCd108BJFLFukJIBcn2Gfd8fuqPISUuTidnE-TCcYGQyJw7juqzIRudvO-25X5c2xXAAjA3tm4Izra5Hqt_BOg5OXQUwTuYBsCesnX6Xw1bkpE/s1600/OpenSSH-Server-www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="175" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivKy0xlBQXhsEhAfY__0WDmxr-bKDN7hLCd108BJFLFukJIBcn2Gfd8fuqPISUuTidnE-TCcYGQyJw7juqzIRudvO-25X5c2xXAAjA3tm4Izra5Hqt_BOg5OXQUwTuYBsCesnX6Xw1bkpE/s320/OpenSSH-Server-www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">Allow/Deny Users and Groups:</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">To allow or deny any user or group on OpenSSH, first edit configuration file<span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red;">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</span></span> in your favorite editor and do changes as following examples.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><u><span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">1. Deny Users:</span></span> </u>To restrict for block specific user for SSH on server add the following rules. For example to restrict users raj, john and sarah.</span></div>
<pre class="pretty" style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(240, 240, 240); border-left-color: rgb(116, 183, 63); border-left-width: 3px; border-radius: 5px; border-style: none none none solid; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 8px 20px 8px 18px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><orange><span style="color: #990000;">DenyUsers</span></orange>  raj  john  sarah
</span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>2. Deny Groups:</u></span></span> In place of restricting specific users we can also restrict groups in OpenSSH. For example to restrict support and marketing groups from ssh add following rules.</span></div>
<pre class="pretty" style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(240, 240, 240); border-left-color: rgb(116, 183, 63); border-left-width: 3px; border-radius: 5px; border-style: none none none solid; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 8px 20px 8px 18px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #990000;"><orange>DenyGroups</orange>  </span>support  marketing</span><span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>3. Allow Users:</u></span></span> By default all users are allowed to login to OpenSSH server. But we can specifically allow any user, For example hackthesec and linuxos belongs to support group and we already have restricted that group members. So we can specify that users in Allow users to allow them specifically.</span></div>
<pre class="pretty" style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(240, 240, 240); border-left-color: rgb(116, 183, 63); border-left-width: 3px; border-radius: 5px; border-style: none none none solid; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 8px 20px 8px 18px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #990000;"><orange>AllowUsers</orange>  </span>hackthesec  linuxos
</span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>4. Allow Groups:</u></span></span> Similarly we can allow all the members of specific group which may be denied in any other group. For example user andrew and peter belongs to marketing group as well as admin group. So we can allow access to both users by allowing admin group.</span></div>
<pre class="pretty" style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(240, 240, 240); border-left-color: rgb(116, 183, 63); border-left-width: 3px; border-radius: 5px; border-style: none none none solid; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 8px 20px 8px 18px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #990000;"><orange>AllowGroups</orange>  </span>admin
</span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Restart OpenSSH:</u></span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">After doing any changes in configuration file, make sure to restart <b>OpenSSH </b>service as following.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;"># service </span><span style="color: lime;">sshd restart</span><span style="color: white;">
or
</span><span style="color: lime;"># systemd restart sshd</span></span></pre>
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How to Deny/Allow Access for Users & Groups in OpenSSH

Deny/Allow Access for Users & Groups in OpenSSH For security purposes many times we required to restrict or allow for SSH access fo...

How to Resize root EBS Volume on AWS Linux Instance

The filesystem is already 16556731 blocks long.  Nothing to do!</span><span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">So, I have following below steps and able to successfully resize volume to its ful size selected during instance creation</span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 1. Take Backups</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">We strongly recommended to take full backup (AMI) of your instance before doing any changes. Also create a snapshot of root disk.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 2. Check Current Partitioning</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now check the disk partitioning using following command. You can see that /dev/xvda is 53GB in size but</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">root@e2c[~]#</span><orange style="color: orange;"> </orange><orange><span style="color: lime;">df -h </span></orange><span style="color: white;">

Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
</span><span style="color: lime;">/dev/xvda1       8G  3.7G   4.2G  45% /
</span><span style="color: white;">tmpfs           1.8G     0  1.8G   0% /dev/shm
/usr/tmpDSK     485M  111M  349M  25% /tmp</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;">root@<span style="line-height: 1.3em;">e2c</span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;"> [~]#</span><orange style="line-height: 1.3em;"> fdisk -l</orange></span><span style="color: white;">
Disk /dev/xvda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = </span><span style="color: lime;">cylinders </span><span style="color: white;">of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00098461

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
</span><span style="color: lime;">/dev/xvda1   *           1        1045     8387584   83  Linux</span></span><span style="font-size: 0.9em;"><span style="color: lime;">
</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 3. Increase Size of Volume</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now start with the disk re partitioning using set of following commands. Execute all the commands carefully.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;">root@<span style="line-height: 1.3em;">e2c</span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">[~]# </span><orange style="line-height: 1.3em;">fdisk /dev/xvda </orange></span><span style="color: white;">
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (</span><span style="color: lime;">command 'u'</span><span style="color: white;">).</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now change the display units to sectors using u switch.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;">Command (m for help):<orange> u </orange>
</span><span style="color: white;">Changing display/entry units to sectors</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now print the partition table to check for disk details</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;">Command (m for help):<orange> p </orange>
</span><span style="color: white;">
Disk /dev/xvda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders, total 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
</span><span style="color: lime;">Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
</span><span style="color: white;">I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00098461

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/xvda1   *        2048    16777215     8387584   83  Linux</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now delete the first partition using following command.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;">Command (m for help):<orange> d</orange>
</span><span style="color: white;">Selected partition 1</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now create a new partition using following commands. For the first sector enter 2048 (as shows in above command output) and for last second just press enter to select all partition.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;">Command (m for help): <orange>n</orange>
</span><span style="color: white;">Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
</span><orange><span style="color: lime;">p</span></orange><span style="color: white;">
</span><span style="color: lime;">Partition number (1-4): <orange>1</orange>
</span><span style="color: white;">First sector (63-104857599, </span><span style="color: lime;">default 63): <orange>2048</orange></span><orange style="color: orange;"> </orange><span style="color: white;">
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-104857599, default 104857599): </span><span style="color: lime;"><orange>[PRESS ENTER]</orange>
Using default value 104857599</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Print the partition table again. You will see that new partition has occupied all disk space.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;">Command (m for help): <orange>p </orange>
</span><span style="color: white;">
Disk /dev/xvda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders, total 104857600 sectors
</span><span style="color: lime;">Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
</span><span style="color: white;">Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00098461

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
</span><span style="color: lime;">/dev/xvda1            2048   104857599    52427776   83 Linux</span></span><span style="font-size: 0.9em;"><span style="color: lime;">
</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now set the bootable flag on partition 1.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;">Command (m for help):<orange> a </orange>
Partition number (1-4): <orange>1</orange></span></span><span style="font-size: 0.9em;"><span style="color: lime;">
</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Write disk partition permanently and exit.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;">Command (m for help):<orange> w </orange>
</span><span style="color: white;">The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
</span><span style="color: lime;">Syncing disks.</span></span><span style="font-size: 0.9em;"><span style="color: lime;">
</span></span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Lets reboot your system after making all above changes.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: lime; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;">root@<span style="line-height: 1.3em;">e2c</span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;"> [~]# </span><orange style="line-height: 1.3em;">reboot</orange></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Lets resize file system using resize2fs command. Remember that you are resizing filesystem not formatting.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;">root@<span style="line-height: 1.3em;">e2c</span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;"> [~]#</span><orange style="line-height: 1.3em;"> resize2fs /dev/xvda1 </orange></span><span style="color: white;">
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/xvda1 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
</span><span style="color: lime;">old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 4
</span><span style="color: white;">Performing an on-line resize of /dev/xvda1 to 13106944 (4k) blocks.
</span><span style="color: lime;">The filesystem on /dev/xvda1 is now 13106944 blocks long.</span></span><span style="font-size: 0.9em;"><span style="color: lime;">
</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 4. Verify Upgraded Disk</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">At this point your root volume has been resized successfully. Just verify your disk has been resizes properly</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;">root@<span style="line-height: 1.3em;">e2c</span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">[~]#</span><orange style="line-height: 1.3em;"> df -h </orange></span><span style="color: white;">
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
</span><span style="color: lime;">/dev/xvda1       50G  6.7G   40G  15% /
</span><span style="color: white;">tmpfs           1.8G     0  1.8G   0% /dev/shm
/usr/tmpDSK     485M  111M  349M  25% /tmp</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">HackTheSec
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</span></span></span><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-large; line-height: 1.3em;">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></pre>
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How to Resize root EBS Volume on AWS Linux Instance

Resize root EBS Volume on AWS Linux Instance I have created a new CentOS Linux instance . I had selected 50GB of root volume during cre...

How To Add and Delete User in Ubuntu, Debian & LinuxMint

Adding user `</span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;">guest</span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;">' ...</span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Adding new group `</span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;">guest</span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;">' (1003) ...</span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Adding new user `</span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 1.3em;">guest</span><span style="color: lime; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 1.3em;">' (1003) with group `</span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 1.3em;">guest</span></span><span style="color: lime; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 1.3em;"><span style="font-size: large;">' </span>...</span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Creating home directory `/home/</span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;">guest</span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;">' ...</span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="color: white;">Copying files from `/etc/skel' ...
Enter new UNIX password: </span><span style="color: lime;">**************</span><span style="color: white;">
Retype new UNIX password: </span><span style="color: lime;">**************</span><span style="color: white;"> 
passwd: </span><span style="color: lime;">password updated successfully</span><span style="color: white;">
Changing the user information for </span></span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;">guest</span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="color: white;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">
Enter the new value, or press ENTER for the default
 Full Name []: 
</span><span style="color: lime; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Room Number []: 
</span><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Work Phone []: 
</span><span style="color: lime; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Home Phone []: 
</span><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Other []: 
Is the information correct? [Y/n] y</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">By default above command will create users home directory as /home/<user name="">. But you can specify home directory at any other location using following command.</user></span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">$sudo adduser </span><span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 1.3em;">guest</span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; line-height: 1.3em;"> --home=/var/home/</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 1.3em;">guest</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">You can also specify any other shell for user in place of default, use <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">–shell</span> switch followed by shell name as below.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">$ sudo adduser </span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;">guest</span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;"> </span><span style="color: lime; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;">--shell=/bin/bash</span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">If you don’t want to create users home directory. You can use –no-create-home switch with adduser command as below.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="color: lime;">$ sudo adduser</span><span style="color: white;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;">guest</span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;"> --no-create-home</span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">2. Delete User from System</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now its good to lock or delete any user from system which is no longer required. Use the following command to delete any user from system.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="color: white;">$ sudo </span><span style="color: lime;">deluser</span><span style="color: white;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;">guest</span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The above command will not delete users home directory. If you also want to delete users home directory add –remove-home parameter with command, For example below command will delete user guest and their home directory permanently.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">$ sudo deluser </span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;">guest</span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;"> </span><span style="color: lime; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;">--remove-home</span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">You may also take backup of users home directory before deleting it using following command.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="color: white;">$ sudo </span><span style="color: lime;">deluser </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 1.3em;"><span style="color: lime;">guest</span><span style="color: white;"> </span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 1.3em;">--remove-home --backup  --backup-to /var/archives/</span></span></pre>
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How To Add and Delete User in Ubuntu, Debian & LinuxMint

Add and Delete User in Ubuntu, Debian & LinuxMint You may need to create separate account for every user want to connect this syste...