Hack The Sec-Leading Resource Of Linux Tutorial

4 Free Shell Scripting eBooks for Linux Newbies and Administrators

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="color: red; font-size: x-large;"><b><u> Shell Scripting eBooks for Linux Newbies and Administrators</u></b></span><br />
<br />
<h3 style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #336699; font-family: 'Roboto Condensed', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<u>Bash Guide for Beginners</u></h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn8XOaIJuiGXNQ-zV8HlplL_yp01miOVFnG2YQhqZMlae3nyLo2s0KaQ6QxcbuOqgxhQ8Uf5qIlF3ewj0dt7a7YEO-F1doNd_gwVgMqgyMga4vbep3wdvQjCzBZ0uRHt7mka4a8SXWUHS5/s1600/bash_script-www.hackthesec.co.in.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn8XOaIJuiGXNQ-zV8HlplL_yp01miOVFnG2YQhqZMlae3nyLo2s0KaQ6QxcbuOqgxhQ8Uf5qIlF3ewj0dt7a7YEO-F1doNd_gwVgMqgyMga4vbep3wdvQjCzBZ0uRHt7mka4a8SXWUHS5/s1600/bash_script-www.hackthesec.co.in.gif" /></a></div>
<div>
<u><br /></u></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<u><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/?2i5i900y8ityhaa" target="_blank">Download Here</a></span></u></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<u><br /></u></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<u><br /></u></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<h3 style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #336699; font-family: 'Roboto Condensed', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide</h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8jcEdxO8rLJfwgL0UgL0igcey58lbn067Kj_mDa1pRxr9HXNFUjGeY7zWan-whaPM2SEGyIya02f7ZSI-nQToTTEc6QPDKVzmaAm-cGgU4KFo1QxU1D2tRthjm8rPOgd0LVVkYrIge0FL/s1600/advanced_bash-www.hackthesec.co.in.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8jcEdxO8rLJfwgL0UgL0igcey58lbn067Kj_mDa1pRxr9HXNFUjGeY7zWan-whaPM2SEGyIya02f7ZSI-nQToTTEc6QPDKVzmaAm-cGgU4KFo1QxU1D2tRthjm8rPOgd0LVVkYrIge0FL/s1600/advanced_bash-www.hackthesec.co.in.gif" /></a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/?phs216djbf5ejug" target="_blank">Download Here</a></span></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #336699; font-family: 'Roboto Condensed', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
Shell Scripting: Expert Recipes for Linux</h3>
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiv-7tq4a5HGdJk-Me3VP2_Q8MXkLAs_HHHKVBpxx2R7YInh_31EucGiwbLwQhyphenhyphenLEqn5uaz6XrxYpPujFwV2MCCCSM_ThLkVK1mQ7TMajh89jB8jUenF-hEuGXcS_keQgqhh44742AbzWfO/s1600/shell_script-www.hackthesec.co.in.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiv-7tq4a5HGdJk-Me3VP2_Q8MXkLAs_HHHKVBpxx2R7YInh_31EucGiwbLwQhyphenhyphenLEqn5uaz6XrxYpPujFwV2MCCCSM_ThLkVK1mQ7TMajh89jB8jUenF-hEuGXcS_keQgqhh44742AbzWfO/s1600/shell_script-www.hackthesec.co.in.gif" /></a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/?2i5i900y8ityhaa" target="_blank">Download Here</a></span></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #336699; font-family: 'Roboto Condensed', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
Linux Shell Scripting Cookbook, Second Edition</h3>
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhayfbwZsYusjJbeORGLB5ZpFvzAatXp5mIWfqkso0D3TqGLMQTVDuDeU2j8Es8pL1iTYZ6D51OcCAoObpnUDyE9qMb3rx53Z3wblpyZpTvixQaMEZ_lJsUlBs4KNrLuIKpg1t8aSIzWRZa/s1600/shell_cook_book-www.hackthesec.co.in.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhayfbwZsYusjJbeORGLB5ZpFvzAatXp5mIWfqkso0D3TqGLMQTVDuDeU2j8Es8pL1iTYZ6D51OcCAoObpnUDyE9qMb3rx53Z3wblpyZpTvixQaMEZ_lJsUlBs4KNrLuIKpg1t8aSIzWRZa/s1600/shell_cook_book-www.hackthesec.co.in.gif" /></a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/?2i5i900y8ityhaa" target="_blank">Download Here</a></span></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></div>
</div>
</div>

4 Free Shell Scripting eBooks for Linux Newbies and Administrators

Shell Scripting eBooks for Linux Newbies and Administrators Bash Guide for Beginners Download Here Advanced Bash-Scripting...

How to Check the User Validity

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="color: red; font-size: x-large;"><b><u><i>Check the User Validity</i></u></b></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijQ08WEB8OyP7KMutv7eEqNtnAyYwFTjxxAxVGlyytteR3jnx4qM-hD6-_ozPQ5N_zFR_YcXmG3OZLv3teTAA_wCdyke37xyWVorhRu45_EI9RBh4Szmsm2zR2kANK4Sv3CfIqAn2pFdVw/s1600/linux-command_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="185" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijQ08WEB8OyP7KMutv7eEqNtnAyYwFTjxxAxVGlyytteR3jnx4qM-hD6-_ozPQ5N_zFR_YcXmG3OZLv3teTAA_wCdyke37xyWVorhRu45_EI9RBh4Szmsm2zR2kANK4Sv3CfIqAn2pFdVw/s200/linux-command_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="color: red; font-size: x-large;"><b><u><i><br /></i></u></b></span>
<br />
<b>chage -l username</b><br />
<br />
OutPut:<br />
<br />
<b>chage -l root</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
Last password change<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>: Feb 12, 2016<br />
Password expires<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>: never<br />
Password inactive<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>: never<br />
Account expires<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>: never<br />
Minimum number of days between password change<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>: 0<br />
Maximum number of days between password change<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>: 99999<br />
Number of days of warning before password expires<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>: 7<br />
<br />
<b>For change password aging to any user:</b><br />
<br />
<b>chage -M 60 username</b><br />
<b>chage -M 60 -m 7 -W 7 username</b><br />
<br />
Parameters:<br />
<br />
-M Set maximum number of days<br />
-m Set minimum number of days<br />
-W Set the number of days of warning<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></div>

How to Check the User Validity

Check the User Validity chage -l username OutPut: chage -l root Last password change : Feb 12, 2016 Password expires : never ...

How Install VLC Media Player in RHEL/CentOS 7/6 and Fedora 23-20

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h1 class="post-title" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Condensed', Arial, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: large;">VLC Media Player in <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/RHEL" target="_blank">RHEL</a>/<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Centos" target="_blank">CentOS</a>/<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Fedora" target="_blank">Fedora</a></span></h1>
<div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">VLC media player (commonly known as VLC) is a portable, free and open-source, cross-platform media player and streaming media server written by the VideoLAN project. VLC is available for desktop operating systems as also mobile platforms as Android, iPad, iPhone, and iPod Touch. VLC is also available on App stores such as Apple's App Store.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">VLC media player supports many audio and video compression methods and file formats, including DVD-Video, video CD and streaming protocols. It is able to stream media over computer networks and to transcode multimedia files.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb8Av8IZjWc-x6PCG6WWJQ4_qdrx34elAz0cFHSlT7LNSB07OE8WnPDJVwX01zVlMC3YdV2KXyOLd2aa0ewPq3lvwNZuWDCYYXikfhhcB2vVToz6EiTG8xwA5gbxtA5VU3viexiR4xUWd8/s1600/VLC-logo-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb8Av8IZjWc-x6PCG6WWJQ4_qdrx34elAz0cFHSlT7LNSB07OE8WnPDJVwX01zVlMC3YdV2KXyOLd2aa0ewPq3lvwNZuWDCYYXikfhhcB2vVToz6EiTG8xwA5gbxtA5VU3viexiR4xUWd8/s1600/VLC-logo-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The default distribution of VLC includes a large number of free decoding and encoding libraries, avoiding the need for finding/calibrating proprietary plugins. The libavcodec library from the FFmpeg project provides many of VLC's codecs, but the player mainly uses its own muxers, and demuxers. It also has its own protocol implementations. It also gained distinction as the first player to support playback of encrypted DVDs on Linux and OS X by using the libdvdcss DVD decryption library</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b><u>Install EPEL and Nux Dextop Repositories on RHEL/CentOS</u></b></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;">Install </span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Epel</span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;"> and </span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nux Dextop</span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;"> repository for your </span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Linux OS</span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;"> distribution using following links. </span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 28.8px;"><span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><u>For RHEL/CentOS 7</u></span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 16.9px;"><span style="color: lime; font-size: large;"># rpm -Uvh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/e/epel-release-7-5.noarch.rpm
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"># rpm -Uvh http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/dextop/el7/x86_64/nux-dextop-release-0-5.el7.nux.noarch.rpm</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;"><b><u>For RHEL/CentOS 6</u></b></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 16.9px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: orange;">------------------ On 32-Bit Systems ------------------
</span><span style="color: lime;"># rpm -Uvh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
</span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"># rpm -Uvh http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/dextop/el6/i386/nux-dextop-release-0-3.el6.nux.noarch.rpm
</span>
</span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: orange;">------------------ On 64-Bit Systems ------------------</span><span style="color: white;">
# </span><span style="color: lime;">rpm -Uvh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm</span><span style="color: white;">

# rpm -Uvh http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/dextop/el6/x86_64/nux-dextop-release-0-2.el6.nux.noarch.rpm</span></span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;"><b><u>Installing RPMFusion Repository on Fedora</u></b></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime; font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;">The </span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">RPMFusion</span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;"> repository comes as pre-installed, if not you can follow below commands install and enable it as shown:</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 28.8px;"><span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><u><b>For Fedora 23-20</b></u></span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 16.9px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;"># </span><span style="color: lime;">yum localinstall</span><span style="color: white;"> --nogpgcheck http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-stable.noarch.rpm 
</span></span><span style="color: white;">
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"># </span><span style="color: lime; font-size: large;">yum localinstall --nogpgcheck</span><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"> http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-stable.noarch.rpm</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;">Once you’ve all the repositories installed on your system, Now check vlc avalable or not through bellow command line</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 16.9px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;"># yum </span><span style="color: lime;">info vlc</span><span style="color: white;">
# dnf info </span><span style="color: lime;">vlc         </span><span style="color: white;">[On Fedora 23+ releases]</span></span><span style="color: white;">

Sample Output : -

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, versionlock
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
 * epel: kartolo.sby.datautama.net.id
 * extras: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
 * nux-dextop: li.nux.ro
 * remi-safe: remi.check-update.co.uk
 * rpmforge: kartolo.sby.datautama.net.id
 * updates: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
Available Packages
Name        : vlc
Arch        : x86_64
Version     : 2.2.1
Release     : 6.el7.nux
Size        : 1.5 M
Repo        : nux-dextop/x86_64
Summary     : The cross-platform open-source multimedia framework, player and
            : server
URL         : http://www.videolan.org
License     : GPLv2+
Description : VLC media player is a highly portable multimedia player and
            : multimedia framework capable of reading most audio and video
            : formats as well as DVDs, Audio CDs VCDs, and various streaming
            : protocols. It can also be used as a media converter or a server to
            : stream in uni-cast or multi-cast in IPv4 or IPv6 on networks.
</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Now install it by running the following command on the terminal.</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 16.9px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;"># yum install vlc
</span><span style="color: white;"># </span><span style="color: lime;">dnf install vlc </span><span style="color: white;">      [On Fedora 23+ releases]</span></span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 28.8px;"><span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b><u>Starting VLC Player in RHEL/CentOS/Fedora</u></b></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;">Run the following command from the </span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Desktop</span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;"> terminal as </span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">normal user</span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;"> to Launch the </span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">VLC</span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;"> player. (</span><b><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Note</span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;"> : </span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">VLC is not supposed to be run as root user</span></b><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;">).</span></span><br />
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 16.9px;">$ vlc</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMcjtjPJCTRYQORox-dB4kiwvX-kaBt2S0o_-4FIYrjbZLYz2UE-BYKCsuvdxohcaJV8UY6RN9ycoHuDIXrHf08UDdZrlep3PdSnIvPoW26NQ_T3dpjcqcfkKEnOQFz6eDclbwOr9WZFJj/s1600/vlc_2.2.2-www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMcjtjPJCTRYQORox-dB4kiwvX-kaBt2S0o_-4FIYrjbZLYz2UE-BYKCsuvdxohcaJV8UY6RN9ycoHuDIXrHf08UDdZrlep3PdSnIvPoW26NQ_T3dpjcqcfkKEnOQFz6eDclbwOr9WZFJj/s1600/vlc_2.2.2-www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /> <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Update</span> or <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Upgrade</span> <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">VLC</span> player to latest stable version.Run the following command</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 16.9px;"><span style="color: white;"># </span><span style="color: lime;">yum update vlc</span><span style="color: white;">
</span><span style="color: lime;"># dnf update vlc      [On Fedora 23+ releases]</span></span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" style="line-height: 28.8px;" target="_blank">www.hackthesec.co.in</a><br /><span style="line-height: 28.8px;"><a href="https://twitter.com/Hackthesecurity">https://twitter.com/Hackthesecurity</a></span></span></span></div>
</div>

How Install VLC Media Player in RHEL/CentOS 7/6 and Fedora 23-20

VLC Media Player in RHEL / CentOS / Fedora VLC media player (commonly known as VLC) is a portable, free and open-source, cross-platform...

How to install Nagios 4.1.1 On RHEL/CentOS 6.x/5.x and Fedora 19/18/17

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="color: #990000; font-size: x-large;"><b><u>Installing Nagios 4.1.1 and Nagios Plugin 1.5</u></b></span><div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Nagios a free and open computer-software application, monitors systems, networks and infrastructure. Nagios offers monitoring and alerting services for servers, switches, applications and services. It alerts users when things go wrong and alerts them a second time when the problem has been resolved.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Nagios was originally designed to run under Linux, but it also runs well on other Unix variants. It is free software licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.</span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">                          <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivthFS0dDQzLIMVYd6MNYZwXaftIcoDwYN3bc_QczbT3tAZ-zZl7kKTud-nNDEdLMHK366m-jfAcf-M5hfoK-RL_lEsfWaFXCLCnZIElBD8-Czso-mrj92OS5LhnQcRBOjSBUsBZsKIK5p/s1600/nagios-core-www.hackthesec.co.in.gif" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: white; font-family: 'roboto condensed', arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivthFS0dDQzLIMVYd6MNYZwXaftIcoDwYN3bc_QczbT3tAZ-zZl7kKTud-nNDEdLMHK366m-jfAcf-M5hfoK-RL_lEsfWaFXCLCnZIElBD8-Czso-mrj92OS5LhnQcRBOjSBUsBZsKIK5p/s1600/nagios-core-www.hackthesec.co.in.gif" /></a></span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<b><span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>With Nagios you can:</u></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<ul style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<li>Monitor your entire IT infrastructure</li>
<li>Spot problems before they occur</li>
<li>Know immediately when problems arise</li>
<li>Share availability data with stakeholders</li>
<li>Detect security breaches</li>
<li>Plan and budget for IT upgrades</li>
<li>Reduce downtime and business losses</li>
</ul>
<div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;">
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Step 1: Install Required Dependencies</u></b></span></span></div>
<div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Install Apache, PHP and some libraries like gcc, glibc, glibc-common and GD libraries and its development libraries before installing Nagios 4.1.1 with source. From Yum Library.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"></span></span></div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15.6px;">yum install -y httpd php gcc glibc glibc-common gd gd-devel make net-snmp</span></span></pre>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><u style="background-color: white; color: #0b5394; font-weight: bold;">Step 2: Create Nagios User and Group</u></span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Create a new nagios user and nagcmd group account and set a password.</span></div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime;">[root@hackthesec ]# useradd nagios
</span><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ]# groupadd nagcmd</span></span></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Next, add both the nagios user and the apache user to the nagcmd group.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"></span></span><br />
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ]# usermod -G nagcmd nagios
</span><span style="color: orange;">[root@hackthesec ]# usermod -G nagcmd apache</span></span></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Step 3: Download Nagios Core 4.1.1 and Nagios Plugin 1.5</u></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Create a directory for your Nagios installation and all its future downloads.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"></span></span><br />
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15.6px;">[root@hackthesec ]# mkdir /root/nagios
[root@hackthesec ]# cd /root/nagios</span></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Now download latest Nagios Core 4.1.1 and Nagios plugins 1.5 packages with wget command.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"></span></span><br />
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime;">[root@hackthesec nagios~]# wget http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/nagios/nagios-4.x/nagios-4.1.1/nagios-4.1.1.tar.gz
</span><span style="color: white;">
[root@hackthesec nagios~]# wget https://www.nagios-plugins.org/download/nagios-plugins-1.5.tar.gz</span></span></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Step 4: Extract Nagios Core and its Plugins</u></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">We need to extract downloaded package with <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/02/unpacking-or-uncompressing-gz-files.html">tar command</a> as follows.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"></span></span><br />
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">[root@hackthesec nagios~]# tar –xvf nagios-4.1.1.tar.gz
[root@hackthesec nagios~]# tar –xvf nagios-plugins-1.5.tar.gz </span></span></pre>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">When you extract these tarballs with tar command, two new folders will appear in that directory.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">[root@hackthesec nagios ~]# ll
total 3712
drwxrwxr-x 18 root root    4099 Feb 24 03:28 nagios-4.1.1
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 1695390 Feb 24 03:32 nagios-4.1.1.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x 15  200  300    4099 Feb 24 03:40 nagios-plugins-1.5
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 2428259 Feb 24 03:42 nagios-plugins-1.5.tar.gz </span></span></pre>
<div>
<b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Configure Nagios Core</span></span><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"> </span></span></u></b></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">We will configure Nagios Core and to do so we need to go to Nagios directory and run configure file and sample output. Please see below.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"></span></span><br />
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec nagios~]# cd nagios-4.1.1
</span><span style="color: lime;">[root@hackthesec nagios-4.1.1]# ./configure --with-command-group=nagcmd</span></span></span></pre>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">Nagios executable:  nagios
        Nagios user/group:  nagios,nagios
       Command user/group:  nagios,nagcmd
             Event Broker:  yes
        Install ${prefix}:  /usr/local/nagios
    Install ${includedir}:  /usr/local/nagios/include/nagios
                Lock file:  ${prefix}/var/nagios.lock
   Check result directory:  ${prefix}/var/spool/checkresults
           Init directory:  /etc/rc.d/init.d
  Apache conf.d directory:  /etc/httpd/conf.d
             Mail program:  /bin/mail
                  Host OS:  linux-gnu

Web Interface Options:
 ------------------------
                 HTML URL:  http://localhost/nagios/
                  CGI URL:  http://localhost/nagios/cgi-bin/
 Traceroute (used by WAP):  /bin/traceroute

Review the options above for accuracy.  If they look okay,
type 'make all' to compile the main program and CGIs.</span></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">We need to Compile and install all the binaries with make command and make install command will install all the needed libraries in your machine and sample output bellow</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"></span></span><br />
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;">[root@hackthesec nagios-4.1.1 ]# make all
</span><span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-size: large;">[root@hackthesec nagios-4.1.1 ]# make install</span>
</span></span></span></pre>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">*** Main program, CGIs and HTML files installed ***

You can continue with installing Nagios as follows (type 'make'
without any arguments for a list of all possible options):

make install-init
     - This installs the init script in /etc/rc.d/init.d

make install-commandmode
     - This installs and configures permissions on the
       directory for holding the external command file

make install-config
     - This installs sample config files in /usr/local/nagios/etc</span></span></pre>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Following command will install the init scripts for Nagios.</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 15.6px;">[root@hackthesec nagios-4.1.1 ]# make install-init</span><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 26px; white-space: normal;">
</span></span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">To make nagios work from command line we need to install command-mode.</span></span></div>
<div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: orange; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">[root@hackthesec nagios-4.1.1 ]# make install-commandmode</span></span><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 26px; white-space: normal;">
</span></span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Next, install sample nagios files, please run following command. and sample output bellow..</span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">[root@hackthesec nagios-4.1.1 ]# make install-config</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">/usr/bin/install -c -m 775 -o nagios -g nagios -d /usr/local/nagios/etc
/usr/bin/install -c -m 775 -o nagios -g nagios -d /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects
/usr/bin/install -c -b -m 664 -o nagios -g nagios sample-config/nagios.cfg /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
/usr/bin/install -c -b -m 664 -o nagios -g nagios sample-config/cgi.cfg /usr/local/nagios/etc/cgi.cfg
/usr/bin/install -c -b -m 660 -o nagios -g nagios sample-config/resource.cfg /usr/local/nagios/etc/resource.cfg
/usr/bin/install -c -b -m 664 -o nagios -g nagios sample-config/template-object/templates.cfg /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/templates.cfg
/usr/bin/install -c -b -m 664 -o nagios -g nagios sample-config/template-object/commands.cfg /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg
/usr/bin/install -c -b -m 664 -o nagios -g nagios sample-config/template-object/contacts.cfg /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg
/usr/bin/install -c -b -m 664 -o nagios -g nagios sample-config/template-object/timeperiods.cfg /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/timeperiods.cfg
/usr/bin/install -c -b -m 664 -o nagios -g nagios sample-config/template-object/localhost.cfg /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/localhost.cfg
/usr/bin/install -c -b -m 664 -o nagios -g nagios sample-config/template-object/windows.cfg /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/windows.cfg
/usr/bin/install -c -b -m 664 -o nagios -g nagios sample-config/template-object/printer.cfg /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/printer.cfg
/usr/bin/install -c -b -m 664 -o nagios -g nagios sample-config/template-object/switch.cfg /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/switch.cfg

*** Config files installed ***

Remember, these are *SAMPLE* config files.  You'll need to read
the documentation for more information on how to actually define
services, hosts, etc. to fit your particular needs.</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Step 5: Customizing Nagios Configuration</u></b></span></span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Open the "</span></span><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b>contacts.cfg</b>" file with your editor and set the email addressassociated with the nagiosadmin contact definition to receiving email alerts.Sample Output Bellow...</span><br />
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"></span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/</span><span style="color: lime;">contacts.cfg</span></span></span></pre>
</div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 26px;"></span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">###############################################################################
###############################################################################
#
# CONTACTS
#
###############################################################################
###############################################################################

# Just one contact defined by default - the Nagios admin (that's you)
# This contact definition inherits a lot of default values from the 'generic-contact'
# template which is defined elsewhere.

define contact{
       contact_name                    nagiosadmin             ; Short name of user
       use                             generic-contact         ; Inherit default values from generic-contact template (defined above)
       alias                           Nagios Admin            ; Full name of user

email                           hackthesec@hackthesec.co.in     ; *** CHANGE THIS TO YOUR EMAIL ADDRESS ****       }</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Step 6: Install and Configure Web Interface for Nagios</u></b></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">We will configure Web Interface For Nagios with following command. The below command will Configure Web interface for Nagios and a web admin user will be created “nagiosadmin”.</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec nagios-4.1.1 ]# </span><span style="color: orange;">make install-webconf</span></span></span></pre>
</div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">We will be creating a password for “nagiosadmin”. After executing this command, please provide a password twice and keep it remember because this password will be used when you login in the Nagios Web interface.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"></span></span><br />
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec nagios-4.1.1]#</span><span style="color: lime;"> htpasswd -s -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users nagiosadmin</span><span style="color: white;">
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user nagiosadmin</span></span></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Restart Apache to make the new settings take effect.</span></span><br />
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"></span></span></div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ]# service httpd start (On RedHat / CentOS)
</span><span style="color: lime;">[root@hackthesec ]# systemctl start httpd.service (On Fedora)</span></span></span></pre>
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Step 7: Compile and Install Nagios Plugin</u></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">We have downloaded nagios plugins in /root/nagios, Go there and configure and install it.</span><br />
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"></span></span></div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec nagios]# cd /root/nagios
[root@hackthesec nagios]# cd nagios-plugins-1.5
</span><span style="color: lime;">[root@hackthesec nagios]# ./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios
</span><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec nagios]# make
</span><span style="color: cyan;">[root@hackthesec nagios]# make install</span></span></span></pre>
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Step 8: Verify Nagios Configuration Files</u></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Now we are all done with Nagios configuration and its time to verify it and to do so please insert following command. </span><br />
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"></span></span></div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">[root@hackthesec nagios]# /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 sample-config/httpd.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/nagios.conf

*** Nagios/Apache conf file installed ***

/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
...
...
Total Warnings: 0
Total Errors:   0</span></span></pre>
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Step 9: Add Nagios Services to System Startup</u></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">We need to add nagios and httpd with chkconfig command.</span><br />
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime;">[root@hackthesec ]# chkconfig --add nagios
</span><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ]# chkconfig --level 35 nagios on
</span><span style="color: orange;">[root@hackthesec ]# chkconfig --add httpd
</span><span style="color: cyan;">[root@hackthesec ]# chkconfig --level 35 httpd on</span></span></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Restart Nagios to make the new settings take effect.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"></span></span><br />
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">[root@hackthesec ]# service nagios start (On RedHat / CentOS)
[root@hackthesec ]# systemctl start nagios.service (On Fedora)</span></span></pre>
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Step 10: Login to the Nagios Web Interface</u></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Your nagios is ready to work, please open it in your browser with “http://Your-server-IP-address/nagios” or “http://FQDN/nagios” and Provide the username “nagiosadmin” and password.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><br /></span>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhooKr2nhdOeUYPDwyXsSMl8W_hyCleV_ymE_eSoybrnxK5NWzUo9nOD_6s5OZDsVzIQNtcnM8ynpaM6eoJIqZ0fdAoIKkOMIduglSR3sRz2gu7gMnmc5p0ywI1DDBmyhJjkRmqXbz65c43/s1600/nagios-login-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: white; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="274" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhooKr2nhdOeUYPDwyXsSMl8W_hyCleV_ymE_eSoybrnxK5NWzUo9nOD_6s5OZDsVzIQNtcnM8ynpaM6eoJIqZ0fdAoIKkOMIduglSR3sRz2gu7gMnmc5p0ywI1DDBmyhJjkRmqXbz65c43/s640/nagios-login-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="640" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5MhbKFBqTeApjy7f30pXd5pKOIXElE5k1hBnp_xfH8N3VThIckQmlnmeHMO2DxTSOhOwFIFazg_PND35ZZ8nnjz3EcDICDb9BgsXzqClWQ_7cOYXs1cbTconYfTqpbkYr9Y_wMXmQWAaK/s1600/nagios-host-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: white; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="304" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5MhbKFBqTeApjy7f30pXd5pKOIXElE5k1hBnp_xfH8N3VThIckQmlnmeHMO2DxTSOhOwFIFazg_PND35ZZ8nnjz3EcDICDb9BgsXzqClWQ_7cOYXs1cbTconYfTqpbkYr9Y_wMXmQWAaK/s640/nagios-host-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="640" /></a><br />
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;">
<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>

How to install Nagios 4.1.1 On RHEL/CentOS 6.x/5.x and Fedora 19/18/17

Installing Nagios 4.1.1 and Nagios Plugin 1.5 Nagios a free and open computer-software application, monitors systems, networks and infras...

How to Install and Setup LXC Linux Containers on CentOS / RHEL / Ubuntu

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h1 class="headline" itemprop="name" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 26px; line-height: 39px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<u><span style="color: red;"><i>Install and Setup LXC Linux Containers on <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Centos" target="_blank">CentOS </a>/ <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/RHEL" target="_blank">RHEL</a> / <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Ubuntu" target="_blank">Ubuntu</a></i></span></u></h1>
<div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
LXC stands for Linux Containers.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
Linux containers are light-weight “<b><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/virtualization" target="_blank">virtualization</a></b>” methods that runs multiple virtual units simultaneously on a single control host on a single Linux kernel.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOZeXvFNPHWXn8Isj3wRhdre9lDCWekmwavYmO8_49JrfLx2pyB2IgZ4aavWENrUkTf8SZUvLSChpYL22ynG5Bx7xJfWsV-R7HrsZpEajWd0zJOiTfbB_FAFC8jfxIQxYQcunCTzZUr0Qn/s1600/containers_LXC-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="184" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOZeXvFNPHWXn8Isj3wRhdre9lDCWekmwavYmO8_49JrfLx2pyB2IgZ4aavWENrUkTf8SZUvLSChpYL22ynG5Bx7xJfWsV-R7HrsZpEajWd0zJOiTfbB_FAFC8jfxIQxYQcunCTzZUr0Qn/s200/containers_LXC-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="200" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
The Linux kernel contains cgroups for resource isolation (CPU, memory, block I/O, network, etc, ), which does not require starting any virtual machines.<br />
<span id="more-16727" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"></span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />
Cgroups also provides namespace isolation to completely isolate application view of the operating environment, including process trees, networks, userids and mounted filesystems.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
LXC is open source software and licensed under GNU LGPLv2.1+ license.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
Containers actually make use of kernel features called namespaces, cgroups, and chroots, to carve off a contained area.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
So, the end result of LXC looks much like a virtual machine, but without any hypervisor.</div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 1.286em; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.222em; margin: 1.833em 0px 0.611em; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>1. Pre-req for LXC Install</u></span></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
Before you install LXC, make sure your system is up-to-date using yum update as shown below.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">yum </span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">update</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
LXC is dependent on two libraries; libpcap and libcgroup. This also requires busybox and bridge utilities.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj9V8hkUx0b10oO6a9hvyvmS8h2F4G6jqX7UWF_yTwtUEvPWkxQZW6zPposJThw21KP_eVnfznGW8tLa1s7e6hO5Uz-i3vEKxBzBydLaJ8bna3xonl2UrS9cG1lOsId__VnE2D-YR5KkIC/s1600/lxc-architecture-www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj9V8hkUx0b10oO6a9hvyvmS8h2F4G6jqX7UWF_yTwtUEvPWkxQZW6zPposJThw21KP_eVnfznGW8tLa1s7e6hO5Uz-i3vEKxBzBydLaJ8bna3xonl2UrS9cG1lOsId__VnE2D-YR5KkIC/s320/lxc-architecture-www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" width="242" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
Install the following required packages for our LXC install.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">yum install </span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">libcap-devel libcgroup busybox wget bridge-utils</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
Let us make sure we got all the compilers and related development tools that are required to compile and install any software from source code.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">yum groupinstall "</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">Development tools</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">"</span></span></pre>
<h3 style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 1.286em; line-height: 1.222em; margin: 1.833em 0px 0.611em; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<u><span style="color: #0b5394;">2. Download LXC Linux Containers</span></u></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
Download the latest version of the LXC from <a href="https://linuxcontainers.org/lxc/downloads/" style="color: #dd0000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">Linux Containers Project</a>.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
Use wget to download the tar ball of the latest stable version of LXC to your machine as shown below.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">wget </span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">http://linuxcontainers.org/downloads/lxc-1.1.5.tar.gz</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
If you get a certificate related error message while using the above wget, then use the no-check-certificate option as shown below.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">wget --no-check-certificate</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"> https://linuxcontainers.org/downloads/lxc-1.1.5.tar.gz</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
Alternatively, if you prefer, you can also use git clone to download the latest development version or stable version as shown below.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">git clone</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"> git://github.com/lxc/lxc -b {branch}</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
In the above command, the {branch} can either be “master” for the current development branch, or “stable-1.0″ for the stable update branch of the 1.0 version.</div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 1.286em; line-height: 1.222em; margin: 1.833em 0px 0.611em; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<u><span style="color: #0b5394;">3. Configure Bridged Adapter</span></u></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
Next, create a bridged adapter and configure the static IP on the bridged adapter as shown in the following ifcfg-eth0 example. Ensure your physical adapter points to this bridged adapter in ifcfg-eth0.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$</span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"> cd /etc/sysconfig/</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">network-scripts</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">

</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$</span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"> vi </span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">ifcfg-br0</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">

DEVICE="br0"
BOOTPROTO="static"
IPADDR="xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx"
NETMASK="255.255.255.xxx"
ONBOOT="yes"
TYPE="Bridge"
NM_CONTROLLED="no"</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
Replace all the “xxx” in the above file with the values that matches your ip-address and networkmask. For example, change the IPADDR value in the above file to the ip-address of your machine.</div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 1.286em; line-height: 1.222em; margin: 1.833em 0px 0.611em; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<u><span style="color: #0b5394;">4. Install LXC Linux Container</span></u></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
Next, untar the LXC tar ball, that we downloaded earlier, execute the ./configure, and do make and make install, to install the LXC on your system as shown below.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
By default, this will install all the lxc binaries under /usr/local/bin directory.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">tar xvfz </span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">lxc-1.1.5.tar.gz</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">

</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">make && make install</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
The following are few of the last few lines from the output for the above ./configure command.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">./configure
...
...
config.status: creating src/python-lxc/setup.py
config.status: creating src/lua-lxc/Makefile
config.status: executing depfiles commands
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">config.status: executing default commands
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">----------------------------
Environment:
 - compiler: gcc
 - distribution: <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Centos" target="_blank">centos</a>
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;"> - init script type(s): sysvinit
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"> - rpath: no
 - GnuTLS: no
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;"> - Bash integration: yes
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">Security features:
 - Apparmor: no
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;"> - Linux capabilities: yes
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"> - seccomp: no
 - SELinux: no
 - cgmanager: no
Bindings:
 - lua: no
 - python3: no
Documentation:
 - examples: yes
 - API documentation: yes
 - user documentation: no
Debugging:
 - tests: no
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;"> - mutex debugging: no
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">Paths:
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;"> - Logs in configpath: no</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
The following are the last few lines from the output for the above make command.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">make</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">
...
Building full member lists recursively...
Adding members to member groups.
...
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">Generating style sheet...
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">Generating index page...
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">Generating page index...
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">Generating example documentation...
Generating file sources...
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">Generating code for file /usr/save/lxc-1.1.5/src/lxc/attach_options.h...
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">Generating code for file /usr/save/lxc-1.1.5/src/lxc/lxccontainer.h...
Generating code for file /usr/save/lxc-1.1.5/src/lxc/lxclock.h...
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">Generating file documentation...
Generating docs for file /usr/save/lxc-1.1.5/src/lxc/attach_options.h...</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">
...
Generating file member index...
make[2]: Leaving directory `/usr/save/lxc-1.1.5/doc/api'
make[2]: Entering directory `/usr/save/lxc-1.1.5/doc'
...
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">Making all in hooks
make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/save/lxc-1.1.5/hooks'
make[1]: Nothing to be done for `all'</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">.
...</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
The following are the last few lines from the output for the above make install command.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">make install</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">
...
Making install in hooks
make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/save/lxc-1.1.5/hooks'
 /bin/mkdir -p '/usr/local/share/lxc/hooks'
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;"> /usr/bin/install -c clonehostname mountecryptfsroot ubuntu-cloud-prep squid-deb-proxy-client '/usr/local/share/lxc/hooks'
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">...
/bin/mkdir -p /usr/local/var/lib/lxc
/bin/mkdir -p /usr/local/var/cache/lxc
 /bin/mkdir -p '/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig'
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;"> /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 lxc.pc '/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig'
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">...</span></span></pre>
<h3 style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 1.286em; line-height: 1.222em; margin: 1.833em 0px 0.611em; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<u><span style="color: #0b5394;">5. Create Soft Link for LXC Shared Libraries</span></u></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
Execute lxc-info to verify that the LXC is installed successfully. If everything is installed properly, we’ll see a message saying that the give container name (for example, test) doesn’t exist. We have not created any container at this stage. We just want to make sure this command is not throwing any shared library related errors.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">lxc-info --name test</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">
test doesn't exist</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
Depending on how things on configured on your system, you might also get the following liblxc.so.1 library related error message.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">lxc-info --name test
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">lxc-info: error while loading shared libraries: liblxc.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
In this case, to fix it, create a link called libxc.so.1 as shown below, which will point to the correct version of the liblxc.so.x.x.x file.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">ln -s </span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">/usr/local/lib/liblxc.so.1.1.5 /lib64/liblxc.so.1</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">

</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">ls -l /lib64/liblxc.so.1
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 30 Jan 20 09:17 /lib64/liblxc.so.1 -> /usr/local/lib/liblxc.so.1.1.5</span></span></pre>
<h3 style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 1.286em; line-height: 1.222em; margin: 1.833em 0px 0.611em; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<u><span style="color: #0b5394;">6. Verify LXC Setup and Configuration</span></u></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
Next, you can also execute the lxc-checkconfig to verify that your lxc environment is setup correctly.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
The following will have output in four different sections: 1) Namespaces, 2) Control Groups 3) Misc and 4) Checkpoint/Restore. Partial output is shown below.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">lxc-checkconfig</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">
Kernel configuration not found at /proc/config.gz; searching...
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">Kernel configuration found at /boot/config-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">--- Namespaces ---
Namespaces: enabled
Utsname namespace: enabled
Ipc namespace: enabled
Pid namespace: enabled
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">User namespace: enabled
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">Network namespace: enabled
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">Multiple /dev/pts instances: enabled
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">--- Control groups ---
Cgroup: enabled
Cgroup namespace: enabled
Cgroup device: enabled
Cgroup sched: enabled
Cgroup cpu account: enabled
..
--- Misc ---
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">Veth pair device: enabled
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">Macvlan: enabled
Vlan: enabled
Bridges: enabled
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">Advanced netfilter: enabled
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">..
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">--- Checkpoint/Restore ---
CONFIG_EVENTFD: enabled
CONFIG_EPOLL: enabled</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">
..
Note : Before booting a new kernel, you can check its configuration
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">usage : CONFIG=/path/to/config /usr/local/bin/lxc-checkconfig</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
If everything is configured properly on your system, in the above output, all of the options in the above groups should say “enabled”.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" style="color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px;" target="_blank">www.hackthesec.co.in</a><br />
<span style="color: #111111; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , "times" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 26px;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/p/about-us.html">http://www.hackthesec.co.in/p/about-us.html</a></span></span></div>
</div>
</div>

How to Install and Setup LXC Linux Containers on CentOS / RHEL / Ubuntu

Install and Setup LXC Linux Containers on CentOS / RHEL / Ubuntu LXC stands for Linux Containers. Linux containers are light-weight ...

How to Move Running Command to Background in Linux

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 class="title single-title title20" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 28px; line-height: 38px; margin: 0px 0px 5px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<u><i><span style="color: red;">Move Running Command to Background in Linux</span></i></u></h2>
<div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">For example you are taking a backup of large number of files, You have started command on terminal, But after mid of this task you think that this is taking longer time and you have some other pending tasks like below:</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijQ08WEB8OyP7KMutv7eEqNtnAyYwFTjxxAxVGlyytteR3jnx4qM-hD6-_ozPQ5N_zFR_YcXmG3OZLv3teTAA_wCdyke37xyWVorhRu45_EI9RBh4Szmsm2zR2kANK4Sv3CfIqAn2pFdVw/s1600/linux-command_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="297" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijQ08WEB8OyP7KMutv7eEqNtnAyYwFTjxxAxVGlyytteR3jnx4qM-hD6-_ozPQ5N_zFR_YcXmG3OZLv3teTAA_wCdyke37xyWVorhRu45_EI9RBh4Szmsm2zR2kANK4Sv3CfIqAn2pFdVw/s320/linux-command_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></div>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="color: red; font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 28px;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/02/how-to-run-command-in-background-on-linux.html" target="_blank">How To Run Command In Background on Linux</a></span></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;">root@hackthesec:~$ tar czf random-file.tar.gz /var/log
</span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Now press <red style="color: red;"><b>CTRL + Z</b></red> to pause the current running command on terminal.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"> 
CTRL + Z

[1]+  Stopped          tar czf random-file.tar.gz /var/log</span><span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Now type <red>bg</red> command on terminal, This will start last paused command in background by appending & in command.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;">root@hackthesec:~$ bg

[1]+ tar czf random-file.tar.gz /var/log &</span><span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">List Running Commands in Background</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">To list all jobs running in background use jobs command. It will show all running commands with their job id.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;">root@hackthesec:~$ jobs

[1]+  Running                 tar czf random-file.tar.gz /var/log &</span><span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Move Background Commands to Foreground (Terminal)</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Now, If you need to any background jobs to move to foreground. Use <b><red>fg</red> command</b> with job id and this will move background command with that job id to terminal. Job id can be found using jobs command as showing in above example.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;">root@hackthesec:~$ fg 1</span></pre>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" target="_blank">www.hackthesec.co.in</a>
<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/p/about-us.html" target="_blank">About US</a>
<a href="https://twitter.com/Hackthesecurity" target="_blank">HackTheSec-Twitter</a></span></pre>
</div>
</div>

How to Move Running Command to Background in Linux

Move Running Command to Background in Linux For example you are taking a backup of large number of files, You have started command on ...

Unpacking or uncompressing gz files under Linux and UNIX systems

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h1 class="headline" itemprop="headline" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 26px; line-height: 40px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="color: red;"><u><i>Extract .gz file in linux</i></u></span></h1>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
The .gz file extension are created using Gzip program which reduces the size of the named files using Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77). gunzip / gzip is software application used for file compression. gzip is short for GNU zip; the program is a free software replacement for the compress program used in early Unix systems.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGXXBedKE2dlCxicQnuV-0CIJp2gsrChvWlbZBK9huQgthY8pG4lz7q3JiYj5JIA5vytX7i6quN2FMlLUZLDoKrGGyMVxgjZkz6Z3UxCmTo133CcLEgapjAxFtwsD1kkexyjkQr295uj7U/s1600/compressing_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="136" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGXXBedKE2dlCxicQnuV-0CIJp2gsrChvWlbZBK9huQgthY8pG4lz7q3JiYj5JIA5vytX7i6quN2FMlLUZLDoKrGGyMVxgjZkz6Z3UxCmTo133CcLEgapjAxFtwsD1kkexyjkQr295uj7U/s320/compressing_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
Each file is replaced by one with the extension .gz, while keeping the same ownership modes, access and modification times.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
To expand i.e. to Unpacking or <b>uncompressing </b>gz files you need to use gunzip program Or gzip -d or zcat program:</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
Using <b>gunzip </b>command:</div>
<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-stretch: inherit; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: monaco, courier new, dejavu sans mono, bitstream vera sans mono, monospace; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 19px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: white;">$ </span><span style="color: lime;">gunzip file.gz</span><span style="color: white;">
$ ls file</span></span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
Using gzip -d command:</div>
<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-stretch: inherit; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: monaco, courier new, dejavu sans mono, bitstream vera sans mono, monospace; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 19px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: white;">$ </span><span style="color: lime;">gzip -d</span><span style="color: white;"> file.gz
$ ls file</span></span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
If file extension is tar.gz, type the command:</div>
<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-stretch: inherit; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: monaco, courier new, dejavu sans mono, bitstream vera sans mono, monospace; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 19px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: white;">$ </span><span style="color: lime;">tar -zxvf</span><span style="color: white;"> file.tar.gz</span></span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
Please note that <b>gunzip </b>can currently decompress files created by <b>gzip</b>, <b>zip</b>, <b>compress</b>, compress -H or pack programs.</div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 32px; margin: 41px 0px 14px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>See also:</u></span></h2>
<ul style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px; list-style-type: square; margin: 0px 0px 27px 27px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/p/compressing-files-under-linux-or-unix.html" target="_blank">Compressing/expanding files under Linux or UNIX command cheat sheet</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="http://www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity">www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>