How to host multiple Ghost instances on a single server

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 39px; line-height: 1.1; margin: 21px 0px 0px;"> <u><i><span style="color: red;">Multiple Ghost instances on a single server</span></i></u></h1> <div> <div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Ghost is great and simple to use blogging platform, with clean and easy to use interface, having just the options that every user need in order to create and maintain their blog. In this tutorial we will discuss how to have more ghost instance on a single <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Ubuntu" target="_blank">Ubuntu server</a>, each of them completely independent having its own content and specific settings. We are assuming that we already have one ghost single instance properly running for our domain <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">my-first-blog.com</code> using Nginx as web server.</span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitYPBoJ9QmVjeIte7pihA9IARKjiBorS5MpyZ4QiWQwmJ5HGrC15LKBtE1KqFKjU64tJLPR_X3php-s_du1O8Gnyv5bN5TsgFYgQ6ipsFVTROdPnxibuYOWzXDGPhUjZXMx51JcWHZXJel/s1600/How-to-host-multiple-Ghost-instances-on-a-single-server-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitYPBoJ9QmVjeIte7pihA9IARKjiBorS5MpyZ4QiWQwmJ5HGrC15LKBtE1KqFKjU64tJLPR_X3php-s_du1O8Gnyv5bN5TsgFYgQ6ipsFVTROdPnxibuYOWzXDGPhUjZXMx51JcWHZXJel/s1600/How-to-host-multiple-Ghost-instances-on-a-single-server-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div> <div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div> <div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Before we proceed to add our second ghost instance, it is better if we stop the related servers that are running:</span></div> <pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"># service ghost stop # service nginx stop </code></pre> <div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now that we have the services stopped, first we need to modify nginx configuration. While having one instance, we were using on default nginx configuration file for our website. Now, we must have separate configuration file for every ghost instance that we are going to host on our server. We change to nginx configuration folder and execute the following commands:</span></div> <pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"># cd /etc/nginx/sites-enabled # mv default my-first-blog.com # cp my-first-blog.com my-second-blog.com </code></pre> <div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now, we need to open both files using our favorite editor and edit the server_name directive to match our domain name. For the first file, we should have:</span></div> <pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">server_name my-first-blog.com </code></pre> <div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Similar, in the second file, we should have:</span></div> <pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">server_name my-second-blog.com </code></pre> <div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Another parameter that we need to change is the port on which nginx connects to ghost. By default, when we have one instance, all traffic is sent to one port. We can use any port number higher than 1024 that is currently not in use. Let’s pick the first one, 1025, open <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">my-second-blog.com</code> configuration file in our favorite editor and change to port parameter as follows:</span></div> <pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">proxy_pass http://localhost:1025 </code></pre> <div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">We are done with nginx configuration modification, so we can start Nginx</span></div> <pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"># service nginx start </code></pre> <div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now, we need to configure ghost. First, we need to go to the <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">/var/www</code> directory and create separate folder for each Ghost instance:</span></div> <pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"># cd /var/www/ # mkdir my-first-blog.com # mkdir my-second-blog.com </code></pre> <div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Then, we need to copy the content of the ghost directory in each of the newly created folders:</span></div> <pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"># cp -r ghost my-first-blog.com # cp -r ghost my-second-blog.com </code></pre> <div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Next, we need to locate <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;"><span style="color: red;">config.js</span></code> file which is inside <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;"><span style="color: red;">ghost/</span></code> directory. For the first site, file location is<code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;"><span style="color: red;">/var/www/my-first-blog.com/ghost/config.js</span></code> and we need to change the URL parameter only, so it looks as follows:</span></div> <pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">production: { url: 'http://my-first-blog.com' </code></pre> <div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">For the second blog, file location is <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;"><span style="color: red;">/var/www/my-second-blog.com/ghost/config.js</span></code> and we need to change the URL and port parameter as well, so it looks as follows:</span></div> <pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">production: { url: 'http://my-second-blog.com' ... port: '1025' </code></pre> <div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now we are done with the configuration. We need to create a way to easy start/stop each Ghost instance. In order to do that, we will create separate file inside <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;"><span style="color: red;">/etc/init</span></code> directory for each instance. For example, for our first blog, we will have the file <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;"><span style="color: red;">/etc/init/ghost-my-first-blog.conf</span></code> with the following content:</span></div> <pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">start on startup script cd /var/www/my-first-blog.com/ghost npm start --production end script </code></pre> <div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Similar, for the second file, we will have the file <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;"><span style="color: red;">/etc/init/ghost-my-second-blog.conf</span></code> with the following content:</span></div> <pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">start on startup script cd /var/www/my-second-blog.com/ghost npm start --production end script </code></pre> <div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">After this is saved, we can start the blogs with</span></div> <pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"># service ghost-my-first-blog start # service ghost-my-second-blog start </code></pre> <div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">As long as we are using different port number, we can repeat this procedure as many times as we need and have multiple blog instances hosted on our server.</span></div> <div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></span></div> </div> </div>

How to host multiple Ghost instances on a single server

Multiple Ghost instances on a single server Ghost is great and simple to use blogging platform, with clean and easy to use interface, h...

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How to deploy a MariaDB Galera cluster on Ubuntu 14.04

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 39px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin: 21px 0px 0px;"> <u><span style="color: red;">MariaDB Galera cluster on Ubuntu 14.04</span></u></h1> <div> <span style="background-color: #fdfdfd; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">We need at least 3 hosts running together with <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Ubuntu" target="_blank">Ubuntu</a> 14.04 Operating system to form a reliable cluster. The following is the hosts list that we had setup for this article, where we will deploy the <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/MariaDB" target="_blank">MariaDB </a>Galera cluster:</span></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZp3NsfUvKk5bxQEX92Ju6r9hezo2W9ihFiK4gS49APcOp8Fi7RzAh1VX8oOTBM4j5ObnzySAJ8F1JEwSQykSmZlnMT6pGKuSqUhi5_i6BsJjr-YiSEwssTIMeL6XW1mLUdPaWpYTPOML-/s1600/galera-overview-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZp3NsfUvKk5bxQEX92Ju6r9hezo2W9ihFiK4gS49APcOp8Fi7RzAh1VX8oOTBM4j5ObnzySAJ8F1JEwSQykSmZlnMT6pGKuSqUhi5_i6BsJjr-YiSEwssTIMeL6XW1mLUdPaWpYTPOML-/s1600/galera-overview-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div> <div> <span style="background-color: #fdfdfd; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span></div> <div> <pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">ubuntu-node1 172.25.10.21 ubuntu-node2 172.25.10.22 ubuntu-node3 172.25.10.23</code></pre> </div> <div> <div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Now we will install the its required packages <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">rsync</code>, <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">galera</code> and <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">mariadb-galera-server</code> that need to be installed on all the three nodes.</span></div> <h3 id="adding-repositories-and-packages" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 26px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;"> <u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Adding Repositories and Packages</span></u></h3> <div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Now we will start by adding the repository for Ubuntu so, first add the key files for the MariaDB repository to build the trust between the maintainers of repositories and that we can install the required packages.</span></div> <h4 id="installing-the-gpg-key" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 19px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Installing the GPG key</span></h4> <div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Run the following command of all the three hosts to install its GPG key as follow.</span></div> <pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">root@ubuntu-node1:~# apt-get install python-software-properties root@ubuntu-node2:~# apt-get install python-software-properties root@ubuntu-node3:~# apt-get install python-software-properties</code></pre> </div> <div> <h4 id="adding-apt-repository" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 19px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 10.5px;"> <span style="color: #0b5394;">Adding APT Repository</span></h4> <div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;"> <span style="color: #0b5394;">Now to add its APT repository have to execute the below commands.</span></div> <pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">root@ubuntu-node1:~# apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 0xcbcb082a1bb943db root@ubuntu-node2:~# apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 0xcbcb082a1bb943db root@ubuntu-node3:~# apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 0xcbcb082a1bb943db</code></pre> </div> <div> <h4 id="adding-ubuntu-repository" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 19px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 10.5px;"> <span style="color: #0b5394;">Adding Ubuntu Repository</span></h4> <div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Now can add the Ubuntu repository as per required whether to use its repository as we have the trusted key in the database, let’s add the actual repository using following command on all the nodes.</span></div> <pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">root@ubuntu-node1:~# add-apt-repository 'deb http://mirror.jmu.edu/pub/mariadb/repo/5.6/ubuntu trusty main' root@ubuntu-node2:~# add-apt-repository 'deb http://mirror.jmu.edu/pub/mariadb/repo/5.6/ubuntu trusty main' root@ubuntu-node3:~# add-apt-repository 'deb http://mirror.jmu.edu/pub/mariadb/repo/5.6/ubuntu trusty main' </code></pre> <h3 id="update-os-with-latest-repo" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 26px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;"> <span style="color: #0b5394;">Update OS with Latest Repo</span></h3> <div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">To get the latest repositories run the update command on the three nodes we are working on.</span></div> <pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">root@ubuntu-node1:~# apt-get update root@ubuntu-node2:~# apt-get update root@ubuntu-node3:~# apt-get update </code></pre> <h2 id="installing-mariadb-cluster-galera-and-rsync" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;"> <span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Installing MariaDB Cluster, Galera and Rsync</u></span></h2> <div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Let’s install the MariaDB and its related packages on each of the node with following command as:</span></div> <pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">root@ubuntu-node1:~# apt-get install -y galera mariadb-galera-server-5.5 mariadb-client-5.5 libmariadbclient18 mariadb-client-core-5.5 rsync netcat-openbsd root@ubuntu-node2:~# apt-get install -y galera mariadb-galera-server-5.5 mariadb-client-5.5 libmariadbclient18 mariadb-client-core-5.5 rsync netcat-openbsd root@ubuntu-node3:~# apt-get install -y galera mariadb-galera-server-5.5 mariadb-client-5.5 libmariadbclient18 mariadb-client-core-5.5 rsync netcat-openbsd</code></pre> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9M3BvZjln0AQYD8QiFGCNhnpY0ubQj4gYoLGqoXzMtMGtD-rEaGukGAYJLVmKHVpWNR4WYd1u_OWEp183t7BHBQtRNni34M0Q0o7tVneix8b5Fc6US3EPpkfcl9pKA_seZTrv5PtIVvnX/s1600/galera-cluster-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9M3BvZjln0AQYD8QiFGCNhnpY0ubQj4gYoLGqoXzMtMGtD-rEaGukGAYJLVmKHVpWNR4WYd1u_OWEp183t7BHBQtRNni34M0Q0o7tVneix8b5Fc6US3EPpkfcl9pKA_seZTrv5PtIVvnX/s1600/galera-cluster-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div> <div> <span style="background-color: #fdfdfd; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span></div> <div> <span style="background-color: #fdfdfd; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">During the installation process you will be asked to configure the root password for the MariaDB, so make sure that you configured the same root password on all the three nodes.</span></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnZResmDrnHN7vNkVWLczkvNP27If-WBAXzRCT-ATrOgfV3VIvHPTnEXZo2qFlHtuUphA8LIR9uLwrIzBnz8RkLtHoxjsJpkAQAkqHOq3bjMYhkK1o8ASS8A8HZspZUZnUyvIQl2VNBJg_/s1600/mariadb-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnZResmDrnHN7vNkVWLczkvNP27If-WBAXzRCT-ATrOgfV3VIvHPTnEXZo2qFlHtuUphA8LIR9uLwrIzBnz8RkLtHoxjsJpkAQAkqHOq3bjMYhkK1o8ASS8A8HZspZUZnUyvIQl2VNBJg_/s1600/mariadb-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div> <div> <span style="background-color: #fdfdfd; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span></div> <div> <div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Once the installations of these packages are done, you will get a MariaDB server on each one of your three nodes but they aren’t yet configured.</span></div> <h2 id="configuring-mariadb-cluster" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;"> <span style="color: #0b5394;">Configuring MariaDB Cluster</span></h2> <div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Let’s proceed with the configurations changes for the MariaDB Galera Cluster setup.</span></div> <h3 id="mysql-settings" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 26px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;"> <span style="color: #0b5394;">MySQL Settings</span></h3> <div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">First of all open the <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">my.cnf</code> file and comment the following lines on all the three nodes.</span></div> <pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">root@ubuntu-nodeX:~# vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf #bind-address = 127.0.0.1 #default_storage_engine = InnoDB #query_cache_limit = 128K #query_cache_size = 64M </code></pre> <h3 id="mariadb-settings" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 26px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;"> <span style="color: #0b5394;">MariaDB Settings</span></h3> <div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Now add following lines for wsrep configuration options in <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">my.cnf</code> file under <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">[mysqld]</code> directive as shown below.</span></div> <pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">root@ubuntu-nodeX:~# vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf [mysqld] binlog_format=ROW default_storage_engine=innodb innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2 innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog=1 innodb_doublewrite=1 </code></pre> <h3 id="vsrep-providers-configurations" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 26px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;"> <span style="color: #0b5394;">VSRep Providers Configurations</span></h3> <div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Here we will configure the vsrep configurations on each node under the <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">[mysqld]</code> directory by adding the following lines in <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">/etc/mysql/my.cnf</code> file on each node with their specific hostnames, root password and IP address.</span></div> <h4 id="configurations-for-ubuntu-node1" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 19px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Configurations for <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 17.1px; padding: 2px 4px;">ubuntu-node1</code></span></h4> <pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">[mysqld] wsrep_provider=/usr/lib/galera/libgalera_smm.so wsrep_provider_options="gcache.size=256M; gcache.page_size=128M" wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://ubuntu-node1 wsrep_cluster_name="MariaDB_Cluster" wsrep_node_address="ubuntu-node1" wsrep_node_name="ubuntu-node1" wsrep_sst_auth="root:root123" wsrep_node_incoming_address=172.25.10.21 wsrep_sst_receive_address=172.25.10.21 wsrep_slave_threads=16 </code></pre> <h4 id="configurations-for-ubuntu-node2" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 19px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Configurations For <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 17.1px; padding: 2px 4px;">ubuntu-node2</code></span></h4> <pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">[mysqld] wsrep_provider=/usr/lib/galera/libgalera_smm.so wsrep_provider_options="gcache.size=256M; gcache.page_size=128M" wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://ubuntu-node1 wsrep_cluster_name="MariaDB_Cluster" wsrep_node_address="ubuntu-node2" wsrep_node_name="ubuntu-node2" wsrep_sst_auth="root:root123" wsrep_node_incoming_address=172.25.10.22 wsrep_sst_receive_address=172.25.10.22 wsrep_slave_threads=16 </code></pre> <h4 id="configurations-for-ubuntu-node3" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 19px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Configurations For <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 17.1px; padding: 2px 4px;">ubuntu-node3</code></span></h4> <pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">[mysqld] wsrep_provider=/usr/lib/galera/libgalera_smm.so wsrep_provider_options="gcache.size=256M; gcache.page_size=128M" wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://ubuntu-node1 wsrep_cluster_name="MariaDB_Cluster" wsrep_node_address="ubuntu-node3" wsrep_node_name="ubuntu-node3" wsrep_sst_auth="root:root123" wsrep_node_incoming_address=172.25.10.23 wsrep_sst_receive_address=172.25.10.23 wsrep_slave_threads=16 </code></pre> <h3 id="restart-mysql-services" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 26px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;"> <span style="color: #0b5394;">Restart MySQL Services</span></h3> <div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">After configuring the mysql and <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">wsrep</code> parameters we need to restart its service on all the node.</span></div> <pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">root@ubuntu-node1:~# service mysql restart root@ubuntu-node2:~# service mysql restart root@ubuntu-node3:~# service mysql restart</code></pre> </div> <div> <h2 id="testing-mariadb-galera-cluster" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;"> <span style="color: #0b5394;">Testing MariaDB Galera Cluster</span></h2> <div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">To confirm the status of MariaDB cluster VSRep, let’s login to the MariaDB console and execute the following command to check the output of give command.</span></div> <pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">root@ubuntu-node1:~# mysql -u root –p MariaDB [(none)]> show status like 'wsrep_%';</code></pre> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjC7bSAgKV5b8gD7cC02TgMOIKaOzOuDMQH81h7I3Fm_0EdiRZGzpp2oarlVQu3E22PQWplfxcOGG9A86Emx5TvMVpD0BOup03B1fTu33K9e7q0EdfH0Y46Yi_OSv8sk5GUfnHdd2dbu7yE/s1600/galera-mariadb-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjC7bSAgKV5b8gD7cC02TgMOIKaOzOuDMQH81h7I3Fm_0EdiRZGzpp2oarlVQu3E22PQWplfxcOGG9A86Emx5TvMVpD0BOup03B1fTu33K9e7q0EdfH0Y46Yi_OSv8sk5GUfnHdd2dbu7yE/s1600/galera-mariadb-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div> <div> <span style="background-color: #fdfdfd; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span></div> <div> <div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">You can also confirm the status of your running cluster and its replication by running the below command on each of your node. You will see the cluster size in response to the output of that command.</span></div> <pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">root@ubuntu-node1:~# mysql -u root -p -e 'SELECT VARIABLE_VALUE as "cluster size" FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.GLOBAL_STATUS WHERE VARIABLE_NAME="wsrep_cluster_size"' root@ubuntu-node2:~# mysql -u root -p -e 'SELECT VARIABLE_VALUE as "cluster size" FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.GLOBAL_STATUS WHERE VARIABLE_NAME="wsrep_cluster_size"' root@ubuntu-node3:~# mysql -u root -p -e 'SELECT VARIABLE_VALUE as "cluster size" FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.GLOBAL_STATUS WHERE VARIABLE_NAME="wsrep_cluster_size"'</code></pre> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0y63md-d0s8Vc1gDpaf731f1e-Fgut-xfGN1HLiElSlH4W5DvDEqP8bBsdx3LTysGDdUJfgLOQmLHoejpfaM0QoKPAmtr86uRVpjY9HSeFw7Aewag10P-Yh_dQ8MTin7tCl7RAjUP0_rG/s1600/use-galera-cluster-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0y63md-d0s8Vc1gDpaf731f1e-Fgut-xfGN1HLiElSlH4W5DvDEqP8bBsdx3LTysGDdUJfgLOQmLHoejpfaM0QoKPAmtr86uRVpjY9HSeFw7Aewag10P-Yh_dQ8MTin7tCl7RAjUP0_rG/s1600/use-galera-cluster-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div> <div> <span style="background-color: #fdfdfd; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span></div> <div> <span style="background-color: #fdfdfd; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span></div> <div> <span style="background-color: #fdfdfd; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></span></span></div> </div>

How to deploy a MariaDB Galera cluster on Ubuntu 14.04

MariaDB Galera cluster on Ubuntu 14.04 We need at least 3 hosts running together with Ubuntu 14.04 Operating system to form a reliable ...

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How to Install,Configure and Use SysStat System Monitoring Tool on Centos 7

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><u><i>Install SysStat to enable system monitoring.<br /></i></u></span><br /> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sysstat</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #272727; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;"> is really a handy tool which comes with number of utilities to monitor system resources, their performance and usage activities. Number of utilities that we all use in our daily bases comes with sysstat package. It also provide the tool which can be scheduled using cron to collect all performance and activity data.</span></span><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrCaLGoHU94GI3friDWgg599gv8reftypJx3jzVoeEBJ2fVBTroU3bcx8ERvRIKdM436xbFhuONh65bX-OxuyrQOk7Q9erDp5FkFphdN-xUii530W6-nDCYMxH5A5388yhx8nj4qkcuSuK/s1600/sysstat-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrCaLGoHU94GI3friDWgg599gv8reftypJx3jzVoeEBJ2fVBTroU3bcx8ERvRIKdM436xbFhuONh65bX-OxuyrQOk7Q9erDp5FkFphdN-xUii530W6-nDCYMxH5A5388yhx8nj4qkcuSuK/s1600/sysstat-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div> <span style="background-color: white; color: #272727; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Following are the list of tools included in sysstat packages.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="color: orange; font-family: Roboto Condensed, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 28.8px;"><u>Sysstat Features</u></span></span></div> <ol style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">iostat: Reports all statistics about your CPU and I/O statistics for I/O devices.</span></li> <li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">mpstat</span>: Details about CPUs (individual or combined).</span></li> <li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">pidstat</span>: Statistics about running processes/task, CPU, memory etc.</span></li> <li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sar</span>: Save and report details about different resources (CPU, Memory, IO, Network, kernel etc..).</span></li> <li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sadc</span>: System activity data collector, used for collecting data in backend for sar.</span></li> <li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sa1</span>: Fetch and store binary data in sadc data file. This is used with sadc.</span></li> <li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sa2</span>: Summaries daily report to be used with sar.</span></li> <li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sadf</span>: Used for displaying data generated by sar in different formats (CSV or XML).</span></li> <li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sysstat</span>: Man page for sysstat utility.</span></li> <li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nfsiostat-sysstat</span>: I/O statistics for NFS.</span></li> <li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">cifsiostat</span>: Statistics for CIFS.</span></li> </ol> <pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">[root@hackthesec ~]# yum -y install sysstat [root@</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ~]# systemctl start sysstat </span> <span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">[root@</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ~]# systemctl enable sysstat </span></pre> <div> <div> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: medium;">[2]<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Logging is executed by cron's setting like follows.</span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: medium;">* Logs are stored in /var/log/sa/sa** per 10 minutes with /usr/lib64/sa/sa1 command.</span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: medium;">* The Statics of a day is generated at 23:53 every day to /var/log/sa/sar** with /usr/lib64/sa/sa2 command.</span></div> </div> <pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# cat /etc/cron.d/sysstat </span><span style="color: orange;"># Run system activity accounting tool every 10 minutes </span><span style="color: lime;">*/10 * * * * root /usr/lib64/sa/sa1 1 1 </span><span style="color: white;"># 0 * * * * root /usr/lib64/sa/sa1 600 6 & </span><span style="color: orange;"># Generate a daily summary of process accounting at 23:53 </span><span style="color: lime;">53 23 * * * root /usr/lib64/sa/sa2 -A </span></span></span></pre> <div> <span style="color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><br /></span></span></div> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: medium;">If you'd like to change some settings of SysStat, the configuration file is located like follows.</span><br /> <pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# vi </span><span style="color: lime;">/etc/sysconfig/sysstat</span><span style="color: white;"> </span><span style="color: lime;"># sysstat-10.1.5 configuration file. </span><span style="color: white;"> # How long to keep log files (in days). # If value is greater than 28, then log files are kept in # multiple directories, one for each month. HISTORY=28 # Compress (using gzip or bzip2) sa and sar files older than (in days): COMPRESSAFTER=31 # Parameters for the system activity data collector (see sadc manual page) # which are used for the generation of log files. # *note SADC_OPTIONS="-S DISK" </span><span style="color: orange;"># *note : valid options INT ⇒ System Interrupts DISK ⇒ Block Devices SNMP ⇒ SNMP statistics IPV6 ⇒ IPv6 statistics POWER ⇒ Power Management statistics ALL ⇒ All of the above XDISK ⇒ DISK + Partition statistics XALL ⇒ All of the above (ALL + XDISK)</span><span style="color: white;"> </span></span></span></pre> <div> <span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><br /></span></span></div> <span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;"><u>SysStat : How to use</u></span><br /> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: medium;">To input sar command with specifying options like follows, it's possible to display logs. (refer to "man sar" for more details)</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: medium;">.</span><br /> <table class="base" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url("../img/bgcom.gif"); background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-spacing: 0px; color: black; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 5px auto 10px; padding: 0px; width: 1212px;" summary="1"><tbody style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> <tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td class="num" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top; width: 30px;"><br /></td><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="block" style="margin: 0px 0px 21px; padding: 0px;"> <table style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); font-size: 12px; margin: 5px 0px 0px; padding: 0px;" summary="Options"><tbody style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> <tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td style="background: rgb(240, 248, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; width: 100px;">Option</td><td style="background: rgb(240, 248, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px; width: 230px;">Description</td></tr> <tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">-u</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">CPU utilization statistics</td></tr> <tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">-r</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">Memory utilization statistics</td></tr> <tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">-b</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">I/O and transfer rate statistics</td></tr> <tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">-B</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">Paging statistics</td></tr> <tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">-d</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">Activity for each block device</td></tr> <tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">-n [keyword]</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">Network statistics</td></tr> <tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">-q</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">Queue length and load averages</td></tr> <tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">-A</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">Display All<br /></td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;"><u>Display today's statics reports.</u></span><br /> <pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: orange;"># CPU </span><span style="color: white;"> [root@hackthesec ~]# sar -u 01:10:01 AM CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 10:20:01 AM all 0.90 0.00 0.23 1.19 0.03 97.65 ... ... 01:30:01 PM all 0.04 0.00 0.06 0.14 0.04 99.72 Average: all 3.60 0.00 0.05 0.21 0.01 96.13 </span><span style="color: orange;"># memory </span><span style="color: white;"> [root@</span></span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ~]# sar -r </span> <span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">01:10:01 AM kbmemfree kbmemused %memused kbbuffers kbcached kbcommit %commit 10:20:01 AM 3681144 241544 6.16 10744 138392 83984 1.04 ... ... 01:40:01 PM 3663328 259360 6.61 14752 145988 87996 1.09 Average: 3666930 255758 6.52 13204 144710 88273 1.10 </span><span style="color: orange;"># I/O </span><span style="color: white;"> [root@</span></span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ~]# sar -b </span> <span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">01:10:01 AM tps rtps wtps bread/s bwrtn/s 10:20:01 AM 45.21 9.35 35.87 257.22 409.24 ... ... 01:40:01 PM 0.52 0.00 0.52 0.00 5.43 Average: 3.11 0.49 2.62 14.55 29.32 </span><span style="color: orange;"># network </span><span style="color: white;"> [root@</span></span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ~]# sar -n DEV </span> <span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">01:10:01 AM IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s 10:20:01 AM lo 1.04 1.04 0.09 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:20:01 AM eth0 7.48 4.48 10.06 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 ... ... 01:40:01 PM lo 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 01:40:01 PM eth0 0.05 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average: lo 0.08 0.08 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average: eth0 0.54 0.38 0.51 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 </span><span style="color: orange;"># load avarage </span><span style="color: white;"> [root@</span></span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ~]# sar -q </span> <span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">01:10:01 AM runq-sz plist-sz ldavg-1 ldavg-5 ldavg-15 10:20:01 AM 1 99 0.04 0.07 0.04 ... ... 01:30:01 PM 1 104 0.00 0.00 0.00 01:40:01 PM 1 101 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average: 1 102 0.11 0.08 0.06 </span></span></span></pre> <div> <span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><br /></span></span></div> <span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;"><u>Display past statics with specifying a log file.</u></span><br /> <span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;"><u></u></span><br /> <span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;"><u>Log files are stored under the /var/log/sa directory.</u></span><br /> <pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: orange;"># display all statisc by a log file </span><span style="color: white;">[root@</span></span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ~]# sar -A -f /var/log/sa/sa05 </span> <span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">01:10:01 AM CPU %usr %nice %sys %iowait %steal %irq %soft %guest %idle 10:20:01 AM all 0.90 0.00 0.19 1.19 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.00 97.65 10:20:01 AM 0 0.96 0.00 0.19 1.27 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.00 97.51 ... ... 01:50:01 PM 125 3 4 0 0 0 02:00:01 PM 125 3 4 0 0 0 Average: 122 3 4 0 0 0 </span><span style="color: orange;"># display the load average with specifying times by a log file </span><span style="color: white;">[root@</span></span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ~]# sar -q -s 11:00:00 -e 12:00:00 -f /var/log/sa/sa05 </span> <span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">11:00:01 AM runq-sz plist-sz ldavg-1 ldavg-5 ldavg-15 11:10:01 AM 1 103 0.01 0.03 0.14 11:20:01 AM 1 102 0.01 0.01 0.06 11:30:01 AM 1 102 0.00 0.00 0.01 11:40:01 AM 1 101 0.00 0.00 0.00 11:50:01 AM 1 101 0.01 0.01 0.00 Average: 1 102 0.01 0.01 0.04</span></span></span> </pre> <div> <br /></div> <span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;"><u>Display current statics.</u></span><br /> <pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime;"># display CPU utilization per a second 3 times </span><span style="color: orange;">[root@</span></span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: orange; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ~]# sar -u 1 3 </span> <span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: orange;">01:51:34 AM CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 01:51:35 AM all 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 99.50 01:51:36 AM all 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 99.50 01:51:37 AM all 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 Average: all 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.17 99.67 </span><span style="color: lime;"># display I/O and network per 2 seconds 5 times </span><span style="color: orange;">[root@</span></span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: orange; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ~]# sar -b -n DEV 2 5 </span> <span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: orange;">01:54:11 AM tps rtps wtps bread/s bwrtn/s 01:54:13 AM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 01:54:11 AM IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s 01:54:13 AM lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 01:54:13 AM eth0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ... ... 01:54:19 AM tps rtps wtps bread/s bwrtn/s 01:54:21 AM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 01:54:19 AM IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s 01:54:21 AM lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 01:54:21 AM eth0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average: tps rtps wtps bread/s bwrtn/s Average: 0.70 0.00 0.70 0.00 4.80 Average: IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s Average: lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average: eth0 0.20 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 </span></span></span></pre> <div> <span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: orange;"><br /></span></span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">SysStat packages includes other commands not only Sar command, so it's possible to display current statics with them like follows.</span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: orange;"><br /></span></span></span></div> <div> <pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: orange;"># display I/O with Mega bytes per 2 seconds </span><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# iostat -mx -d 2 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rMB/s wMB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util vda 0.11 1.05 0.43 0.63 0.01 0.01 28.44 0.05 51.01 9.29 0.99 dm-0 0.00 0.00 0.48 1.65 0.01 0.01 14.05 0.20 95.25 4.64 0.99 dm-1 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.00 0.00 1.14 0.52 0.00 ... ... </span><span style="color: orange;"># display all CPU utilization per 2 seconds 3 times </span><span style="color: white;">[root@</span></span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ~]# mpstat -P ALL 2 3 </span> <span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">02:28:57 PM CPU %usr %nice %sys %iowait %irq %soft %steal %guest %idle 02:28:59 PM all 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 02:28:59 PM 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 99.50 02:28:59 PM 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 ... ... </span><span style="color: orange;"># display memory utilization of a process per a second 3 times </span><span style="color: white;">[root@</span></span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ~]# pidstat -r -p 1202 1 3 </span> <span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">02:34:07 PM PID minflt/s majflt/s VSZ RSS %MEM Command 02:34:08 PM 1202 0.00 0.00 175360 2456 0.06 httpd 02:34:09 PM 1202 0.00 0.00 175360 2456 0.06 httpd 02:34:10 PM 1202 0.00 0.00 175360 2456 0.06 httpd Average: 1202 0.00 0.00 175360 2456 0.06 httpd ... ... </span><span style="color: orange;"># display CIFS statics with Mega bytes per a 1 second 3 times </span><span style="color: white;">[root@</span></span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ~]# cifsiostat -m 1 3 </span> <span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">Filesystem: rB/s wB/s rops/s wops/s fo/s fc/s fd/s \\10.0.0.100\tmp 0.00 20.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ... ... </span></span></span></pre> </div> <div> <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" target="_blank">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></div> </div>

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How to Install and Manage Docker on Ubuntu 15.10 and 14.04 LTS

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <h2 class="title single-title title20" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 28px; line-height: 38px; margin: 0px 0px 5px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"> <u><i><span style="color: red;">Install and Manage Docker on Ubuntu 15.10 & 14.04 LTS</span></i></u></h2> <div> <span style="background-color: white; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Docker is container-based application framework, which wrap of a specific application with all its dependencies in a container. Docker containers can easily to ship to remote location on start there without making entire application setup. </span></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicfK2zPAWfWft9ZqDzctd3DLhN_uckKfAejxj8l8y9jAqHe-ut_I7jpl1IHtjWFYKW0QZmxQsgvp-DmSqfX-lp4qo9N3rmL9uyCwovMZt8uOWKqU72bSJcgBdbbzUHBq-dtyByE25nL9hk/s1600/docker_centos_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicfK2zPAWfWft9ZqDzctd3DLhN_uckKfAejxj8l8y9jAqHe-ut_I7jpl1IHtjWFYKW0QZmxQsgvp-DmSqfX-lp4qo9N3rmL9uyCwovMZt8uOWKqU72bSJcgBdbbzUHBq-dtyByE25nL9hk/s1600/docker_centos_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div> <div> <span style="background-color: white; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span></div> <div> <h2 class="heading1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"> <span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>1. Verify Requirements</u></span></h2> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">For standard installation Docker required 64 bit operating system having Kernel >= 3.10 version. Older versions of Kernel have some missing requirements to run all features of Docker.</span></div> <pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">$ uname -r </span><span style="color: lime;">3.19.0-49-generic</span></span><span style="font-size: 0.9em;"><span style="color: lime;"> </span></span></pre> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">For Ubuntu 15.10 & 14.04 Docker recommended to install the <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">linux-image-extra</span> kernel package.</span></div> <pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">$ sudo apt-get install </span><span style="color: orange;">linux-image-extra-$(uname -r)</span><span style="color: white;"> </span></span></pre> <h2 class="heading1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"> <u><span style="color: #0b5394;">2. Add Docker Apt Repository</span></u></h2> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">First import docker GPG key to verify packages signature before installing them with apt-get.</span></div> <pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: lime; font-size: large;">$ sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://p80.pool.sks-keyservers.net:80 --recv-keys 58118E89F3A912897C070ADBF76221572C52609D </span></pre> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now create a new apt configuration file <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list</span> and one of below docker</span></div> <h3 class="heading2" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #0379bf; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 8px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"> For Ubuntu Wily 15.10</h3> <pre class="pretty" style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(240, 240, 240); border-left-color: rgb(116, 183, 63); border-left-width: 3px; border-radius: 5px; border-style: none none none solid; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 8px 20px 8px 18px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;">deb https://apt.dockerproject.org/repo ubuntu-wily main </span></pre> <h3 class="heading2" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #0379bf; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 8px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"> For Ubuntu Trusty 14.04 (LTS)</h3> <pre class="pretty" style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(240, 240, 240); border-left-color: rgb(116, 183, 63); border-left-width: 3px; border-radius: 5px; border-style: none none none solid; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 8px 20px 8px 18px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;">deb https://apt.dockerproject.org/repo ubuntu-trusty main </span></pre> <h2 class="heading1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"> <span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>3. Install Docker</u></span></h2> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">First make sure there are no old repositories added in your system. Purge them before installing them.</span></div> <pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">$ sudo apt-get </span><span style="color: orange;">purge lxc-docker</span><span style="color: white;"> </span></span></pre> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now use the following commands to upgrade apt index and install docker engine on your system.</span></div> <pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">$ sudo apt-get update </span><span style="color: lime;">$ sudo apt-get install docker-engine</span></span><span style="font-size: 0.9em;"><span style="color: lime;"> </span></span></pre> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">After successful installation of Docker engine, Let’s start the docker service.</span></div> <pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">$ sudo </span><span style="color: lime;">service docker start</span><span style="color: white;"> </span></span></pre> <h2 class="heading1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"> <span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>4. Manage Docker Container</u></span></h2> <h3 class="heading2" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #0379bf; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 8px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"> Search Docker Images</h3> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">First of all search Docker container images from Docker hub. For example, below command will search all images with Ubuntu and list as output</span></div> <pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: orange; font-size: large;"># docker search ubuntu </span></pre> <h3 class="heading2" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #0379bf; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 8px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"> Download Docker Images</h3> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now download the Docker container with name <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Ubuntu" target="_blank">Ubuntu</a> on your local system using following commands.</span></div> <pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;"># docker pull ubuntu </span><span style="color: white;"> latest: Pulling from library/ubuntu fa5be2806d4c: Pull complete b4af4261cb15: Downloading [==> ] 3.779 MB/70.55 MB 5d358abc5d9c: Download complete 2933d50b9f77: Download complete </span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;"> </span></pre> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now make sure that above images has been downloaded successfully on your system. Below command list all images.</span></div> <pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: orange;"># docker images </span><span style="color: white;"> REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE ubuntu latest 36248ae4a9ac 7 days ago 188MB</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;"> </span></pre> <h3 class="heading2" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #0379bf; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 8px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"> Launch New Container with Image</h3> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Finally launch a Docker container using above downloaded image on your system. Below command will start a new container and provide you access of that container with /bin/bash shell.</span></div> <pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;"># docker </span><span style="color: lime;">run -i -t ubuntu /bin/bash</span><span style="color: white;"> </span></span></pre> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">To exit from docker container type <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><red>CTRL + P + Q</red></span>. This will leave container running in background an provide you host system console. If you used exit command, it will stop the current container.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">After existing from Docker container, execute below command to list all running containers.</span></div> <pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: orange;"># docker ps </span><span style="color: white;"> CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES f2582758af13 ubuntu "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Up 2 hours first_ubuntu</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;"> </span></pre> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">By default Above command will list only running containers. To list all containers (including stopped container) use following command.</span></div> <pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;"># docker ps -a</span><span style="color: white;"> </span></span></pre> <h3 class="heading2" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #0379bf; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 8px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"> Start/Stop/Attach Container</h3> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">You can start, stop or attach to any containers with following commands. To start container use following command.</span></div> <pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: orange; font-size: large;"># docker start <CONTAINER ID> </span></pre> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">To stop container use following command.</span></div> <pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;"># </span><span style="color: lime;">docker stop</span><span style="color: white;"> <CONTAINER ID> </span></span></pre> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">To attach to currently running container use following command.</span></div> <pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;"># </span><span style="color: lime;">docker</span><span style="color: white;"> attach <CONTAINER ID></span></span></pre> <pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="line-height: 1.3em;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" target="_blank">www.hackthesec.co.in</a> </span><span style="line-height: 16.9px;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Linux-Books" target="_blank">http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Linux-Books</a> </span><span style="line-height: 26px;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/p/about-us.html">http://www.hackthesec.co.in/p/about-us.html</a></span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;"> </span></span></span></pre> </div> </div>

How to Install and Manage Docker on Ubuntu 15.10 and 14.04 LTS

Install and Manage Docker on Ubuntu 15.10 & 14.04 LTS Docker is container-based application framework, which wrap of a specific appl...

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How to change MAC Address in CentOS 7

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <h1 class="entry-title" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: none; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; font-size: 1.7em; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <u><span style="color: red;">Change MAC Address in CentOS 7 </span></u></h1> <div> <span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; font-size: 17.1px; line-height: 25.65px;">This tutorial will show you how to change MAC Address in <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/centos7" target="_blank">CentOS 7</a>. I assure you this is a perfectly working and tested method. In many cases you need to change MAC to allow internet access or run any MAC based licensed software like Radius Manager. So for those situations here we go.</span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIuvC6kadT6BMYCBW7d-OlEKcUH4NKD4A39VjAQLOehs9bsGzGJb5gNEBNrSUwChPxSGH8g0gkOGv2E3cSyw38NkW06GBPhl7gwhAIzQ3bZQSaYuWPaN-Q6srUbn34t4fWnoSjnJY6H3U-/s1600/vlcsnap-mac-id-changer-www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIuvC6kadT6BMYCBW7d-OlEKcUH4NKD4A39VjAQLOehs9bsGzGJb5gNEBNrSUwChPxSGH8g0gkOGv2E3cSyw38NkW06GBPhl7gwhAIzQ3bZQSaYuWPaN-Q6srUbn34t4fWnoSjnJY6H3U-/s1600/vlcsnap-mac-id-changer-www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" /></a></div> <div> <span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; font-size: 17.1px; line-height: 25.65px;"><br /></span></div> <div> <h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: none; color: #333333; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><u>Steps to change MAC Address in CentOS 7:</u></span></h3> <h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: none; color: #333333; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 17.1px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: 25.65px;">Update CentOS Repositories by:</span></h3> <ol style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: left; color: #333333; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; font-size: 17.1px; line-height: 25.65px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 3em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 17.1px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime;">yum install update </span></span></span></pre> </li> </ol> <div> <span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; font-size: 17.1px; line-height: 25.65px;">Install nano (for editing config files) and net-tools (for enabling ifconfig command).</span></div> <div> <pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: lime; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">yum install nano net-tools </span></span></pre> <div> <span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; font-size: 17.1px; line-height: 25.65px;">Go to the ethernet configuration file.</span></div> <div> <pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: lime; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">nano /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens160 </span></span></pre> </div> <div> <span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; font-size: 17.1px; line-height: 25.65px;">Add the following line. Replace the current MAC with your desired MAC Address.</span></div> <div> <div> <pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: lime; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">MACADDR=00:0C:29:24:79:76 </span></span></pre> </div> </div> <div> <span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; font-size: 17.1px; line-height: 25.65px;">Save the configuration file</span></div> <div> <span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; font-size: 17.1px; line-height: 25.65px;">Restart the networking process.</span></div> <div> <div> <pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: lime; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">service network restart </span></span></pre> </div> </div> <div> <span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; font-size: 17.1px; line-height: 25.65px;">You are done. Now, verify by issuing ifconfig command</span></div> <div> <span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; font-size: 17.1px; line-height: 25.65px;">If you have a windows machine in the same network. Issue </span><strong style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; font-size: 17.1px; line-height: 25.65px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">arp -d</strong><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; font-size: 17.1px; line-height: 25.65px;"> to delete current ARP table. Then ping CentOS 7 IP Address from Windows PC. Next issue </span><strong style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; font-size: 17.1px; line-height: 25.65px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">arp -a</strong><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; font-size: 17.1px; line-height: 25.65px;">. You will find the changed MAC next to your CentOS 7 IP Address.</span></div> <div> <br /></div> <div> <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></div> <div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; font-size: 17.1px; line-height: 25.65px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <div class="syntaxhighlighter nogutter notranslate bash" id="highlighter_90669" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em !important; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px; overflow: auto !important; padding: 0px; position: relative !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 561.703px;"> <div class="toolbar" style="background: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: none !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: white !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 10px !important; height: 11px !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: auto !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; right: 1px !important; top: 1px !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 11px !important; z-index: 10 !important;"> <span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; font-size: 17.1px; line-height: 25.65px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <div class="syntaxhighlighter nogutter notranslate bash" id="highlighter_604332" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em !important; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px; overflow: auto !important; padding: 0px; position: relative !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 561.703px;"> <div class="toolbar" style="background: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: none !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: white !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 10px !important; height: 11px !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: auto !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; right: 1px !important; top: 1px !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 11px !important; z-index: 10 !important;"> <span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>

How to change MAC Address in CentOS 7

Change MAC Address in CentOS 7  This tutorial will show you how to change MAC Address in CentOS 7 . I assure you this is a perfectly wor...

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