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How to install Zabbix 3.0 (Monitoring Server) on CentOS 7.x / RHEL 7.x

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<span style="color: #990000; font-size: large;"><u>Install Zabbix 3.0 (Monitoring Server) on CentOS 7.x / RHEL 7.x</u></span></h1>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Zabbix is a mature and effortless enterprise-class open source monitoring solution for network monitoring and application monitoring of millions of metrics.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Zabbix uses database like <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Mysql">MySQL</a>, <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/MaraiDB">MariaDB</a>, Oracle and IBM DB2 to store its data. Zabbix web interface is written in <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/PHP">PHP</a>.</span></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Some of its key features are listed below :</span></u></b></div>
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<ul style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left;">
<li>Monitor everything which is on network like Servers, applications, database instance and network devices.</li>
<li>Zabbix provides Web based administration interface.</li>
<li>Monitoring CPU utilization of a particular process or a group of process ( proc.cpu.util)</li>
<li>Using low-level discovery rules, zabbix can discover Vmware hypervisor ( ESXI ) and Virtual machines.</li>
<li>Zabbix also supports agentless monitoring</li>
<li>Monitoring of database servers like MySQL, <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/PostgreSQL">PostgreSQL</a>, Oracle and Microsoft SQL Server.</li>
<li>Zabbix can also perform the task of capacity planning for your environment.</li>
<li>Zabbix is Open Source so no cost involved and can be deployed on small and large environment.</li>
<li>Hardware Monitoring using Zabbix via IPMI credentials.</li>
<li>Network Device monitoring using snmp agents.</li>
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<span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b>Below are the details of my server on which i will install Zabbix.</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Hostname = zabbix.hackthesec.co.in</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">IP Address = 192.168.2.2</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">OS = <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Centos">CentOS</a> 7.x / <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/RHEL">RHEL </a>7.x</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Step:1 Enable EPEL and Zabbix Repository</u></b></span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">[hackthesec@zabbix ~]# yum install epel-release
[</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">@zabbix ~]# rpm -ivh http://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/3.0/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-3.0-1.el7.noarch.rpm</span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Step:2 Install Zabbix Server, Database, Web Server and PHP packages</u></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Use the below command to install rpm package of Zabbix server, Database Sever (MariaDB) , Web Server ( http) and PHP.</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">[</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">@zabbix ~]# yum -y install zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-web-mysql mysql mariadb-server httpd php</span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Step:3 Configure Zabbix Database.</u></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Start the Database (MariaDB) service</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">[</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">@zabbix ~]# systemctl start mariadb</span>
<span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">[</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">@zabbix ~]# systemctl enable mariadb</span>
<span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service'
[</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">@zabbix ~]#</span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Use ‘mysql_secure_installation‘ command to set the root password of mariadb database and configure other parameters like ‘Remove anonymous users‘, ‘Disallow root login remotely‘ and ‘Remove test database and access to it‘</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">[</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">@zabbix ~]# mysql_secure_installation</span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Now create the Zabbix Database (zabbix_db) and database user (zabbix_user) and grant all privileges to the user on the Zabbix database.</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">[hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">@zabbix ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 10
Server version: 5.5.47-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> create database zabbix_db;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on zabbix_db.* to zabbix_user@localhost identified by <new_password>;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
[</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">@zabbix ~]#</span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Now import the database Schema using below commands,</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">[</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">@zabbix ~]# cd /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-3.0.1</span>
<span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">[</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">@zabbix zabbix-server-mysql-3.0.1]# gunzip create.sql.gz</span>
<span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">[</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">@zabbix zabbix-server-mysql-3.0.1]# mysql -u root -p zabbix_db < create.sql</span>
<span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">Enter password:
[</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">@zabbix zabbix-server-mysql-3.0.1]#</span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Step:4 Edit Zabbix Server Configuration file</u></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Edit the Zabbix Server’s config file (/etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf) and specify the database name for zabbix , database user name & its password.</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">[</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">@zabbix ~]# vi /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf</span>
<span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">...................................
DBHost=localhost
DBName=zabbix_db
DBUser=zabbix_user
DBPassword=XXXXXXX
...................................</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Save & exit the file.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Configure PHP Setting</u></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Set the below parameters in the PHP config file (/etc/php.ini )</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">[</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">@zabbix ~]# vi /etc/php.ini</span>
<span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">................................
max_execution_time = 600
max_input_time = 600
memory_limit = 256M
post_max_size = 32M
upload_max_filesize = 16M
date.timezone = Asia/Kolkata
...............................</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Allow the ports in the Firewall</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">[</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">@zabbix ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=10050/tcp</span>
<span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">success
[</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">@zabbix ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=10051/tcp</span>
<span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">success
[</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">@zabbix ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=80/tcp</span>
<span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">success
[</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">@zabbix ~]# firewall-cmd --reload </span>
<span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">success
[</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">@zabbix ~]# systemctl restart firewalld</span>
<span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">[</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">@zabbix ~]#</span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Set the below Selinux rule.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">[</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">@zabbix ~]# setsebool -P httpd_can_connect_zabbix=1</span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Start the Zabbix and Web Server Service and make sure it is enable across the reboot.</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">[</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">@zabbix ~]# systemctl start zabbix-server</span>
<span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">[</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">@zabbix ~]# systemctl enable zabbix-server</span>
<span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/zabbix-server.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/zabbix-server.service'
[</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">@zabbix ~]# </span>
<span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">[</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">@zabbix ~]# systemctl start httpd</span>
<span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">[</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">@zabbix ~]# systemctl enable httpd</span>
<span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service'
[</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">@zabbix ~]#</span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Step:5 Browse the Zabbix Web interface using below URL</u></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">http://192.168.2.2/zabbix/ </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">or </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">http://zabbix.hackthesec.co.in./zabbix</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Replace the IP address or hostname as per your setup.</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv-NnYNwyFqaf3BgJ3R06S7KWKsrXXCx2pkdhYYF4ET7g93wrHMX7zx8UT_FU7y0V29VoDYAY3p8-v8IVeuk-KvKLdrZtOGUqAVm5W0c4qbUg0PgKbyuc8gJ9PK5lXwoh6KtgvOQo85ybh/s1600/Zabbix-Server-Installation.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv-NnYNwyFqaf3BgJ3R06S7KWKsrXXCx2pkdhYYF4ET7g93wrHMX7zx8UT_FU7y0V29VoDYAY3p8-v8IVeuk-KvKLdrZtOGUqAVm5W0c4qbUg0PgKbyuc8gJ9PK5lXwoh6KtgvOQo85ybh/s1600/Zabbix-Server-Installation.jpg" /></a></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;">Click on 'Next step'</span></div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;">
<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
On this Step Zabbix Pre-requisites are checked and verified</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTx3IlYSEzPiLth6Pe7_8UpMr_93bKNUNnrIVCnNOfwoGp0Ruhn3QfRTZXJLfJLLojrRIfuRg_izgGiZox7AP9GXfwNVyPdRjy0y9yudEc212jzRyVV78t3E-KbqFuLpL5jsJeqDUjV4OA/s1600/Zabbix-pr-requisites_hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTx3IlYSEzPiLth6Pe7_8UpMr_93bKNUNnrIVCnNOfwoGp0Ruhn3QfRTZXJLfJLLojrRIfuRg_izgGiZox7AP9GXfwNVyPdRjy0y9yudEc212jzRyVV78t3E-KbqFuLpL5jsJeqDUjV4OA/s1600/Zabbix-pr-requisites_hackthesec.co.in.jpg" /></a></div>
<div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Click on 'Next step'</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Specify the Zabbix Database name, database user and its password.</span></div>
</div>
</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxYKMLKW7WSiLbrL8ixUHzO0e8kn7ujO_g_TanyvMN1I-7soWyRmYv4VG_nQEJSwF4Yqpl3c2wue-bOFMtnGeZIkR9JvbK0s2U8mQCof50mCeMwQd1wDmNtNJ8l2bEMOMvAuIasJ2BfTc6/s1600/Zabbix-installation-DB-connection_hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxYKMLKW7WSiLbrL8ixUHzO0e8kn7ujO_g_TanyvMN1I-7soWyRmYv4VG_nQEJSwF4Yqpl3c2wue-bOFMtnGeZIkR9JvbK0s2U8mQCof50mCeMwQd1wDmNtNJ8l2bEMOMvAuIasJ2BfTc6/s1600/Zabbix-installation-DB-connection_hackthesec.co.in.jpg" /></a></div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<br /></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Specify the Zabbix Server details and Port number.</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs9-pc36bI6_sur3OHUCvyf942GkU7qRQJPsuX4_BiYIFi6_KY31R4xtaG4LA0Xl5W3BnOSjW3JwgemIR8uQH9nE-Luh5id4YQfVU9sfLdiKc9DZUpdpF73XQFfklPk4GPXGdW5HV_2bjY/s1600/Zabbix-Server-Details_hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs9-pc36bI6_sur3OHUCvyf942GkU7qRQJPsuX4_BiYIFi6_KY31R4xtaG4LA0Xl5W3BnOSjW3JwgemIR8uQH9nE-Luh5id4YQfVU9sfLdiKc9DZUpdpF73XQFfklPk4GPXGdW5HV_2bjY/s1600/Zabbix-Server-Details_hackthesec.co.in.jpg" /></a></div>
<div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
Click on 'Next step' to continue.</div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
Pre-installation summary of Zabbix Servers, click on 'Next step' to continue.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtUGBItJuBWBnOSqCpDuyckgTjB7ZrkyP1oC9s-3w_V_LZPaI8T8hUgKWJPIJ_HJXvYSVy8UxlaXVzaXBid9l8Z619GpGzLWdT1GObJTCLZgRTe-AlBLqXXjHumcxinEXEx56rxTA0BRB6/s1600/Pre-installation-summary-zabbix-server-hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtUGBItJuBWBnOSqCpDuyckgTjB7ZrkyP1oC9s-3w_V_LZPaI8T8hUgKWJPIJ_HJXvYSVy8UxlaXVzaXBid9l8Z619GpGzLWdT1GObJTCLZgRTe-AlBLqXXjHumcxinEXEx56rxTA0BRB6/s1600/Pre-installation-summary-zabbix-server-hackthesec.co.in.jpg" /></a></div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">As we can see that Zabbix installation is completed successfully</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoobstwlhxO05XJxY3Is0QgpkjglYH0tVEQGXjQDCD_mebFZnP7wZJYRX8jkw4w5JzrPXzYS6gQDOo_BPGlnNLJuVt4Tg7i9FKLvvU-VtgR80FPSIWB5MFgce0p6BBhD5hfbsuClUPWvcD/s1600/zabbix-installation-successfully_hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoobstwlhxO05XJxY3Is0QgpkjglYH0tVEQGXjQDCD_mebFZnP7wZJYRX8jkw4w5JzrPXzYS6gQDOo_BPGlnNLJuVt4Tg7i9FKLvvU-VtgR80FPSIWB5MFgce0p6BBhD5hfbsuClUPWvcD/s1600/zabbix-installation-successfully_hackthesec.co.in.jpg" /></a></div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">
<div>
<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">When we click on 'finish' , it will re-direct us to the Zabbix web interface Console.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Use user name as 'admin' and password 'zabbix'</span></div>
</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxQUlDWbIQtV5UQ9MTQXFhcWfKVMH-fKve3j903edxeh65tagSHWKmm1o0-09cuY-TR_-6jqHngcusu-4YD9FI_dsPFXNdw3EQ9rU99tZjbFZ2cR75cYMOtbitx60ShRxNRKVQw5G1awDY/s1600/Zabbix-Web-Console_hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxQUlDWbIQtV5UQ9MTQXFhcWfKVMH-fKve3j903edxeh65tagSHWKmm1o0-09cuY-TR_-6jqHngcusu-4YD9FI_dsPFXNdw3EQ9rU99tZjbFZ2cR75cYMOtbitx60ShRxNRKVQw5G1awDY/s1600/Zabbix-Web-Console_hackthesec.co.in.jpg" /></a></div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Zabbix Server Dashboard :</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA0nAfl74ye3WGXTlKEYcS9FjZns-mtn6_xM_IeEjFoAJBPMWJWv9U4icvWdMa65VP8sYLms1JwJ8w9J2ZStmnqOxYADpXorml4vDA3b4190XCRUtAJ7TUiZf5OGyQ0A4V6Jz5GaRsUQ1Q/s1600/Zabbix-Monitoring-Server-Dashboard_hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA0nAfl74ye3WGXTlKEYcS9FjZns-mtn6_xM_IeEjFoAJBPMWJWv9U4icvWdMa65VP8sYLms1JwJ8w9J2ZStmnqOxYADpXorml4vDA3b4190XCRUtAJ7TUiZf5OGyQ0A4V6Jz5GaRsUQ1Q/s1600/Zabbix-Monitoring-Server-Dashboard_hackthesec.co.in.jpg" /></a></div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">
<div>
<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Step:6 Add a node to Zabbix Server for Monitoring.</span></u></b></span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Let’s assume i want to add my Ubuntu 16.04 Machine to Zabbix Server for monitoring. Login to the machine and perform the following tasks .</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">hackthesec@aws:~$ sudo apt-get install zabbix-agent</span></span></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Edit the Agent file and specify the Zabbix Server address.</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">@aws:~$ sudo vi /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf
..................................
Server=192.168.2.2
ServerActive=192.168.2.2
Hostname=aws.hackthesec.co.in
..................................</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Start Zabbix Agent Service</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">@aws:~$ sudo systemctl start zabbix-agent
</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">@aws:~$ sudo systemctl enable zabbix-agent
Synchronizing state of zabbix-agent.service with SysV init with /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install...
Executing /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable zabbix-agent
</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">@aws:~$</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Now Go to the Zabbix Web Interface .</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Click on Configuration —> Hosts –> Create Host</span></span></div>
</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2IikxX2zAAzzhWgsLRXHeKaxL9Re7iaZilmb0-lhqeyLkekVLv8nUq-GrJDwYuFWQpTjrZF9v2wZ_gLZ1fAJYoNXcXym7Ef7E0eNztRbMqa8OCjiqhnXqkYVUikIo_tC7hRZMhyphenhyphenkogJdD/s1600/Zabbix-Configuration-hosts_hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2IikxX2zAAzzhWgsLRXHeKaxL9Re7iaZilmb0-lhqeyLkekVLv8nUq-GrJDwYuFWQpTjrZF9v2wZ_gLZ1fAJYoNXcXym7Ef7E0eNztRbMqa8OCjiqhnXqkYVUikIo_tC7hRZMhyphenhyphenkogJdD/s1600/Zabbix-Configuration-hosts_hackthesec.co.in.jpg" /></a></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Specify the Host name, IP address and Group names. In Templates Tab, search appropriate templates and click on Add.</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjXvH4Tr0LH9qsDtEWbBhx0RDGY1wtfZ_SmHRFyl3MLbefXH2dA4XlPOSIFidfVqDaj0QvJu9Jo7ZQ6iA1Jj0JAAceQsqSBVuXzV2VYrOzbFhh-NEXFLVev3kHevmf5i5L9_jIY_Y3u_Zy/s1600/Zabbix-OS-Templates_hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjXvH4Tr0LH9qsDtEWbBhx0RDGY1wtfZ_SmHRFyl3MLbefXH2dA4XlPOSIFidfVqDaj0QvJu9Jo7ZQ6iA1Jj0JAAceQsqSBVuXzV2VYrOzbFhh-NEXFLVev3kHevmf5i5L9_jIY_Y3u_Zy/s1600/Zabbix-OS-Templates_hackthesec.co.in.jpg" /></a></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">To View the events for all the hosts or a particular host, Click on Monitoring —> Triggers</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfaVX9JLC9eKKBNcIfK22cWHLzuGJCPwUdMtkeQIvcPyu0gq5GilQmxjNK4HCcCu8tE4fMYLfU-DSEX6fn29ImPhx3Yn5ZLOCp0RfA6ztmuvXVVBnBwhY8n1ABz-k5leiVin0aqNjLsZpN/s1600/Zabbix-Server-Status-triggers_hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfaVX9JLC9eKKBNcIfK22cWHLzuGJCPwUdMtkeQIvcPyu0gq5GilQmxjNK4HCcCu8tE4fMYLfU-DSEX6fn29ImPhx3Yn5ZLOCp0RfA6ztmuvXVVBnBwhY8n1ABz-k5leiVin0aqNjLsZpN/s1600/Zabbix-Server-Status-triggers_hackthesec.co.in.jpg" /></a></div>
<div>
<br />
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Zabbix Email-Notification Setting</u></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b>E-mail settings</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Initially there are several predefined notification <b>delivery methods</b> in Zabbix. <b>E-mail</b> is one of those.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">To configure e-mail settings, go to <b>Administration → Media types</b> and click on <b>Email </b>in the list of pre-defined media types.</span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/3.0/_media/manual/quickstart/media_types.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/3.0/_media/manual/quickstart/media_types.png" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span></span>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">This will present us with the e-mail settings definition form.</span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/3.0/_media/manual/quickstart/media_type_email.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/3.0/_media/manual/quickstart/media_type_email.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Set the values of SMTP server, SMTP helo and SMTP e-mail to the appropriate for your environment.<b>Press Update when ready.</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Now you have configured 'Email' as a working media type. A media type must be linked to users by defining specific delivery addresses (like we did when configuring a new user), otherwise it will not be used.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b>New action</b></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Delivering notifications is one of the things actions do in Zabbix. Therefore, to set up a notification, go to <b>Configuration → Actions</b> and click on Create action.</span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/3.0/_media/manual/quickstart/new_action.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/3.0/_media/manual/quickstart/new_action.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">In this form, enter a name for the action.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">{TRIGGER.STATUS} and {TRIGGER.NAME} macros (or variables), visible in the Default subject and Default message fields, will be replaced with the actual trigger status and trigger name values.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">In the most simple case, if we do not add any more specific conditions, the action will be taken upon any trigger change from 'Ok' to 'Problem'.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">We still should define what the action should do - and that is done in the Operations tab. Click on New in there, which opens a new operation form.</span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/3.0/_media/manual/quickstart/new_operation.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/3.0/_media/manual/quickstart/new_operation.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Here, click on Add in the Send to Users block and select the user ('user') we have defined. Select 'Email' as the value of Send only to. When done with this, click on Add in the operation detail block.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">That is all for a simple action configuration, so click Add in the action form.</span></span><br />
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></div>
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How to Create, List or Drop Indexes on MySQL Table

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<h2 class="title single-title title20" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 28px; line-height: 38px; margin: 0px 0px 5px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<u><span style="color: #990000;">Create, List or Drop Indexes on MySQL Table</span></u></h2>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Mysql_Database">MySQL </a>is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS); in July 2013, it was the world's second most widely used RDBMS, and the most widely used open-source client–server model RDBMS.It is named after Michael Widenius' (who is a co-founder of <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Mysql">MySQL</a>) daughter, while "SQL" stands as the abbreviation for Structured Query Language. </span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglu6BHfIUQ1AeBTzwlsKiSNhaOqYuocrXR44DVliL0FgZSkJCAMrliMI-GKV_mNDYKbTqCkPXivMsMMn6tr2Isb_RqaVSQ-laoP5agXcTDjkayCuJXQgiZiDvAHJB4MimneZ_d3aYZ9nD9/s1600/mysq-linux-www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglu6BHfIUQ1AeBTzwlsKiSNhaOqYuocrXR44DVliL0FgZSkJCAMrliMI-GKV_mNDYKbTqCkPXivMsMMn6tr2Isb_RqaVSQ-laoP5agXcTDjkayCuJXQgiZiDvAHJB4MimneZ_d3aYZ9nD9/s320/mysq-linux-www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">The MySQL development project has made its source code available under the terms of the GNU General Public License, as well as under a variety of proprietary agreements. MySQL was owned and sponsored by a single for-profit firm, the Swedish company MySQL AB, now owned by Oracle Corporation. For proprietary use, several paid editions are available, and offer additional functionality.</span></span></div>
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<div style="background-color: white;">
<div>
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>CREATE INDEX:-</u></b></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">This will creates index on mysql table. This will allow duplicate values also.</span></span></div>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white;">
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">CREATE INDEX index_name ON table_name (COLUMN_NAME1, COLUMN_NAME2, ...)</span></span></pre>
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<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><div>
<b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">CREATE UNIQUE INDEX:-</span></u></b></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
This will creates index on mysql table. With uses of UNIQUE keyword this will not allow duplicate values.</div>
</span></span></div>
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<div>
<div style="background-color: white;">
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name ON table_name (COLUMN_NAME1, COLUMN_NAME2, ...)</span></span></pre>
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<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">1. CREATE INDEX Examples:-</span></u></b></div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
For this example I have a table named Users with thousands of records in mysql database. The table structure is as following in screenshot.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3z2qQOnt4I3LKrqoI_EozExpVygth-cm1ix67-oPGafGtvzuOPi4bhw34QPRhDrky4PBw0me1PMR4EvN3Ya-D90I7PJewb3gs75DprQqbNjeQvgj-B-nTUFjsddzj0EAv2eB6zhKJGpTb/s1600/mysql-index-hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3z2qQOnt4I3LKrqoI_EozExpVygth-cm1ix67-oPGafGtvzuOPi4bhw34QPRhDrky4PBw0me1PMR4EvN3Ya-D90I7PJewb3gs75DprQqbNjeQvgj-B-nTUFjsddzj0EAv2eB6zhKJGpTb/s1600/mysql-index-hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">
<span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Now use following command to create index named Users_Idx1 on table Users based on column username.</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">mysql> CREATE INDEX Users_Idx1 ON Users (username);</span></span></pre>
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<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Use UNIQUE keyword with the query to create index with unique records.</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">mysql> CREATE UNIQUE INDEX Users_Idx1 ON Users (username);</span></span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><div>
<b><span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>2. SHOW INDEX Examples:-</u></span></b></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
Use following sql command to list all indexes for a mysql table. The below query will delete Users_Idx1 index from Users table in current database.</div>
</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">mysql> SHOW INDEX FROM Users;</span></span></pre>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDYacfjmKXhzjowDlol4bz38hgMHGasimYiSfGQH9qubNrw8FR3xCKJLO27uVZu1cuC-qxlmMQpTA_VOXbih3VO5ztw4sMc7VmsqpUzfoQMx_J5JgmL4_Dz6ArVx37e7Mf9B27ypYr99pr/s1600/mysql-index2-hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDYacfjmKXhzjowDlol4bz38hgMHGasimYiSfGQH9qubNrw8FR3xCKJLO27uVZu1cuC-qxlmMQpTA_VOXbih3VO5ztw4sMc7VmsqpUzfoQMx_J5JgmL4_Dz6ArVx37e7Mf9B27ypYr99pr/s1600/mysql-index2-hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><div>
<b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">3. DELETE INDEX Examples:-</span></u></b></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
Use following sql command to delete index on mysql table.</div>
</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">mysql>  ALTER TABLE Users DROP INDEX Users_Idx1;</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></span></span></pre>
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How to Create, List or Drop Indexes on MySQL Table

Create, List or Drop Indexes on MySQL Table MySQL is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS); in July 2013, it was ...

We Just Launch a Discussion Forum About Linux

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<b><u><span style="color: #990000; font-size: large;">Hi Hack The Sec Users We Just Launch a Discussion Forum About Linux </span></u></b><br />
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<b><u><span style="color: #990000; font-size: large;"><br /></span></u></b>
<br />
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;"><u style="font-weight: bold;">Here Is The Linux : - </u><a href="http://www.forum.hackthesec.co.in/index.php">http://www.forum.hackthesec.co.in</a></span><br />
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We Just Launch a Discussion Forum About Linux

Hi Hack The Sec Users We Just Launch a Discussion Forum About Linux Here Is The Linux : - http://www.forum.hackthesec.co.in

Installing Naxsi On Ubuntu 14.04

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<h1 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Raleway, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 46px; margin: 0px 0px 8px;">
<span style="color: #990000; font-size: large;"><u>Installing Naxsi On Ubuntu</u></span></h1>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">NAXSI means <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/NGINX">Nginx</a> Anti XSS & SQL Injection.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Technically, it is a third party nginx module, available as a package for many UNIX-like platforms. This module, by default, reads a small subset of simple (and readable) rules containing 99% of known patterns involved in websites vulnerabilities. For example, <, | or drop are not supposed to be part of a URI.</span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSLzQdKsTjvUisUW5FwxBc0AE6YGXY8HBvJRTLmhojFtRKXfi7dLFTmc0fViZfMVeLsi1oTMdDkMBUnUr_QOCXPSANUmRvvABmmkibeBS4h3nlR8iNLZN8-vDPea7dnRF2a4odPe7fiioQ/s1600/nginx_hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSLzQdKsTjvUisUW5FwxBc0AE6YGXY8HBvJRTLmhojFtRKXfi7dLFTmc0fViZfMVeLsi1oTMdDkMBUnUr_QOCXPSANUmRvvABmmkibeBS4h3nlR8iNLZN8-vDPea7dnRF2a4odPe7fiioQ/s1600/nginx_hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Being very simple, those patterns may match legitimate queries, it is Naxsi's administrator duty to add specific rules that will whitelist those legitimate behaviours. The administrator can either add whitelists manually by analyzing nginx's error log, or (recommended) start the project by an intensive auto-learning phase that will automatically generate whitelisting rules regarding website's behaviour.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">In short, Naxsi behaves like a DROP-by-default firewall, the only job needed is to add required ACCEPT rules for the target website to work properly.</span></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 1A: Installing Naxsi without an existing Nginx installation</span></u></b></div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
Should you not have Nginx installed on your server yet, you should follow this step. If you already have an existing Nginx installation, follow step 1B. Before we're going to install Naxsi, it might be smart to update our system. Do this by executing:</div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">apt-get update</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Next, we can install Naxsi. Using apt-get for the install, Naxsi and its dependencies will be installed. Naxsi will automatically be started on boot.</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">apt-get install nginx-naxsi</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 1B: Installing Naxsi with an existing Nginx installation</span></u></b></div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
Step 1A cannot be followed in case Nginx is already installed, as the <b>nginx-naxsi</b> package will be <b>Nginx + Naxsi</b>. If you already have Nginx and want Naxsi on top of that, generally, replacing the <b>nginx-core</b> package with the <b>nginx-naxsi</b> package should work fine. It is smart to create a backup of preferably your whole server, and the <b>/etc/nginx/</b> directory should be backed up as well.</div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<br /></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">If possible, deploy a new server with a totally new Nginx installation using the nginx-naxsi package. If not, backup your server and type:</span></span></div>
</span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">apt-get install nginx-naxsi</span></span></pre>
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<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">This should install Naxsi and replace the existing Nginx, but keep all your files.</span></span></div>
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<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 2: Editing Naxsi settings</span></u></b></div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
In order to enable Naxsi, open the file <b>/etc/nginx/nginx.conf:</b></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf</span></span></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">and find the following section:</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-size: large;"># nginx-naxsi config
##
# Uncomment it if you installed nginx-naxsi
##

# include /etc/nginx/naxsi_core.rules;</span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
Remove the # in front of the include to load the Naxsi rules, which will enable Naxsi. After making that change, the line should look like this:</div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<b>include /etc/nginx/naxsi_core.rules;</b></div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
The configuration of Naxsi can be found in <b>/etc/nginx/naxsi.rules</b>. You can see what it does and optionally change some settings, depending on your needs and the type of website(s) that you host.</div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
After enabling Naxsi and editing the configuration, we need to enable Naxsi for our default site manually. Open /<b>etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default:</b></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">vi /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default</span></span></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">In order to enable Naxsi on this location, remove the # if present, otherwise leave the include line that way and don't add a #.</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-size: large;"># Uncomment to enable naxsi on this location
include /etc/nginx/naxsi.rules;</span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><div>
<b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 3: Turning off learning mode</span></u></b></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
In order to let Naxsi protect your site, we need to turn off the learning mode. Open <b>/etc/nginx/naxsi.rules:</b></div>
</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">vi /etc/nginx/naxsi.rules</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Find the string <b>LearningMode</b>, and place an # in front of it. That comments out the line and thus disable the learning mode in the config.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><div>
<b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 4: Restarting Naxsi</span></u></b></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
Restart Nginx for the changes to take effect:</div>
</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">service nginx reload</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">You can now see any security warnings from Naxsi in the Nginx log:</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">tail -f /var/log/nginx/error.log</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></span></pre>
</div>
</div>

Installing Naxsi On Ubuntu 14.04

Installing Naxsi On Ubuntu NAXSI means Nginx Anti XSS & SQL Injection. Technically, it is a third party nginx module, availabl...

How Install Desktop on CentOS 7

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<h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Raleway, sans-serif; line-height: 1; margin: 0px 0px 16px;">
<span style="color: #990000; font-size: large;"><u>Install Desktop on CentOS</u></span></h1>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Now in this post, we will show how to install Desktop on CentOS 7.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">As a linux user , you should be aware that in Linux World we have many Desktop environment available. Some of them, we are listing down.</span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha79_E-NUWn8EVF2mDRFLgI5LFPWbPUXjxgUuE3FL9jBq06rnFq_X3ItKbIYcJIHJO0QRNeOKh8_t_9314hpuQqKm6g_0RjKAnTK2AhN83DjhgLZnacV5lZPCH39lif-9Q9svBzsw7qw-k/s1600/centos7_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha79_E-NUWn8EVF2mDRFLgI5LFPWbPUXjxgUuE3FL9jBq06rnFq_X3ItKbIYcJIHJO0QRNeOKh8_t_9314hpuQqKm6g_0RjKAnTK2AhN83DjhgLZnacV5lZPCH39lif-9Q9svBzsw7qw-k/s1600/centos7_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
<div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">
<ul style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left;">
<li>GNOME</li>
<li> KDE</li>
<li> Unity (For <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a>)</li>
<li> Cinnamon (For of GNOME, originally developed by Linux Mint)</li>
<li>LXDE</li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">In this post, we will install GNOME desktop on <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Centos">CentOS 7</a> which is popular and widely used. You can opt for other Desktop Environment alternative.</span></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">
<div>
<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Steps To Install GNOME Desktop on CentOS 7</span></u></b></span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">1. Login as Root on CentOS 7 system or switch to super user after login</span></div>
</div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 19.2px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"><span style="font-size: large;">sudo su -</span></span></span></pre>
</div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">
<div>
<span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">2. Take the backup of data which you want to save. (Make a habit of taking backup, it is a good practice)</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">3. Run the command –</span></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">yum groupinstall "GNOME Desktop"</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">NOTE: Installing Desktop will consume time. When we installed the GNOME Desktop, all packages size was aggregated to more than 700 MB. This was the case for minimal installed CentOS 7. We recommend to install Desktop when your system have good internet speed.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">4. This is not an end yet. To get the Desktop on every system boot, run the given below command.</span></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">systemctl set-default graphical.target</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">5. Restart the CentOS 7 system.</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">init 6</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">6. On system reboot, you will get some questions on screen to answer. These are as follows –</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">(a) EULA</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Accept the license.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">(b) Language Setting</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Select your language</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">(c) Keyboard Typing</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Select your keyboard type</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">(d) Timezone</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Select your country time zone.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">(e) User Creation</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Create your user and set the password</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">(f) "You're All Set"</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">You will get the finishing line as written just above.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">You are all set now. You can start working on your desktop. Restart the system and check it once again.</span></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Do you know that</span></u></b></div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
(A)Once the installation of "GNOME Desktop" is completed. You can get into Desktop from your black terminal. For this you have to run the command –</div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">startx</span></span></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">(B)</span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Start the graphical.target service to directly switch to Desktop without reboot</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">systemctl start graphical.target</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></span></span></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>

How Install Desktop on CentOS 7

Install Desktop on CentOS Now in this post, we will show how to install Desktop on CentOS 7. As a linux user , you should be aware tha...

How to Monitor Linux Memory Bandwidth

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<h1 class="eb-entry-title reset-heading  " id="title-1742" itemprop="name headline" style="font-family: 'Open Sans'; line-height: 50px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;">
<span style="color: #990000; font-size: large;"><u>Monitor Linux Memory Bandwidth</u></span></h1>
<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4a8iZO_zrZ60HfkE5rSQoGSI90nSlLKqUNjWqNIc_g5RANjhp143nZ-fJXB-DQyTytp7ddhRe3ssfCldV7PqyJxoFYKh6-AitW7K7J9BRJ-ZBo2DWy8oC0cXRXI978qt0c_GzYCWOB7_y/s1600/memory_test_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4a8iZO_zrZ60HfkE5rSQoGSI90nSlLKqUNjWqNIc_g5RANjhp143nZ-fJXB-DQyTytp7ddhRe3ssfCldV7PqyJxoFYKh6-AitW7K7J9BRJ-ZBo2DWy8oC0cXRXI978qt0c_GzYCWOB7_y/s1600/memory_test_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" /></a></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b>Requirements</b></span></span></div>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">glibc 2.14 / Intel</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">nasm - General-purpose x86 assembler</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Installing Memory Bandwidth</u></b></span></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Download The Package From <a href="https://www.mediafire.com/?yenef2319acep6p">Here</a></span></div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">
<u>https://www.mediafire.com/?yenef2319acep6p</u></div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">
<u><br /></u></div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">
<u><br /></u></div>
<div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">
<b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Install Requirement nasm</span></u></b></div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">
<b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">
<b> RedHat</b></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"># yum -y install nasm</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">
<b>Debian </b></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"># apt-get install nasm</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">
<b>Gentoo </b></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"># emerge nasm</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">
<b>Arch Linux </b></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"># pacman -S nasm</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">
<b>FreeBSD</b></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"># pkg install nasm</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Now unzip it</span></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"># tar zxvf bandwidth-1.2.0.tar.gz
# cd bandwidth-1.2.0</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Now we can create the executable by typing:</span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"># make bandwidth64</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Commands available for compiling</span><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">To compile for x86 Linux: make bandwidth32</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">To compile for x86_64 Linux: make bandwidth64</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">To compile for x86 Mac OS/X: make bandwidth-mac32</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">To compile for x86_64 Mac OS/X: make bandwidth-mac64</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">To compile for ARM Linux: make bandwidth-arm32</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">To compile for x86 Win32/Cygwin: make bandwidth-win32</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Note: For the Mac you will need to install the latest NASM; Apple's is insufficient.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Successful! Now let's run bandwidth64</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"># ./bandwidth64</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Output</span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, Courier New, monospace;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18.5714px;">This is bandwidth version 1.1.

Copyright (C) 2005-2015 by Zack T Smith.
This software is covered by the GNU Public License.
It is provided AS-IS, use at your own risk.
See the file COPYING for more information.

CPU family: GenuineIntel
CPU features: MMX SSE SSE2 SSE3 SSSE3 SSE4.1 SSE4.2 AES XD Intel64

Cache 0: L1 data cache, line size 64, 8-ways, 64 sets, size 32k
Cache 1: L1 instruction cache, line size 64, 4-ways, 128 sets, size 32k
Cache 2: L2 unified cache, line size 64, 8-ways, 512 sets, size 256k
Cache 3: L3 unified cache, line size 64, 16-ways, 12288 sets, size 12288k

Notation: B = byte, kB = 1024 B, MB = 1048576 B.

CPU speed is 3458.2 MHz.

Sequential read (128-bit), size = 128 B, loops = 2114977792, 51635.0 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 256 B, loops = 1162084352, 56740.6 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 384 B, loops = 774719946, 56736.7 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 512 B, loops = 581042176, 56739.8 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 640 B, loops = 464831081, 56735.2 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 768 B, loops = 387359973, 56734.4 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 896 B, loops = 332022834, 56738.5 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 1024 B, loops = 290586624, 56743.8 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 1280 B, loops = 232413324, 56740.8 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 2 kB, loops = 145260544, 56737.8 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 3 kB, loops = 96838885, 56736.9 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 4 kB, loops = 72630272, 56742.0 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 6 kB, loops = 48417226, 56738.5 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 8 kB, loops = 36315136, 56740.0 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 12 kB, loops = 24214074, 56741.2 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 16 kB, loops = 18157568, 56735.7 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 20 kB, loops = 14525784, 56740.4 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 24 kB, loops = 12104820, 56735.9 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 28 kB, loops = 10375560, 56738.7 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 32 kB, loops = 8742912, 54640.6 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 34 kB, loops = 6781113, 45025.7 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 36 kB, loops = 5341700, 37553.3 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 40 kB, loops = 4810806, 37580.8 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 48 kB, loops = 4013100, 37622.4 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 64 kB, loops = 3014656, 37673.6 MB/s</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, Courier New, monospace;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18.5714px;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></span></span></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>

How to Monitor Linux Memory Bandwidth

Monitor Linux Memory Bandwidth Requirements glibc 2.14 / Intel nasm - General-purpose x86 assembler Installing Memory Bandw...

Reverse SSH Tunneling

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h1 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Raleway, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 33px; line-height: 46px; margin: 0px 0px 8px;">
<u><span style="color: #990000;">Reverse SSH Tunneling</span></u></h1>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">In this tutorial we will covering how to bypass these restrictions using a technique called Rerverse SSH Tunneling.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: red; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Note: This tutorial assumes you are using <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a>. The steps however are expected to work for other Linux distribution.</span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3dFwWxIAlnnoDhDUBOag_ZQ0mYlSo6eEfDyfC6CSSbfYnV4vavMfV_dS1L6uUBQxUwyIVqx0i1e4LxGzT3iQcRrilQ_b4IjjV7pAxmi5soqSqVrL4KPZSCqWMH0ERC4mC2gXzXY2s6dFT/s1600/ssh-hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3dFwWxIAlnnoDhDUBOag_ZQ0mYlSo6eEfDyfC6CSSbfYnV4vavMfV_dS1L6uUBQxUwyIVqx0i1e4LxGzT3iQcRrilQ_b4IjjV7pAxmi5soqSqVrL4KPZSCqWMH0ERC4mC2gXzXY2s6dFT/s1600/ssh-hackthesec.co.in.jpg" /></a></div>
<div>
<span style="color: red; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<b><span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Prerequisites:</u></span></b></div>
<div>
<ul style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left;">
<li>An Ubuntu server instance.</li>
<li>A SSH Client on your local machine.</li>
</ul>
<div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 1: Configuring SSH daemon on your server:</span></u></b></span></div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">By default, <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/SSH">SSH </a>daemon is only listening on <span style="color: red;">127.0.0.1</span>, so we won’t be able to access to our forwarded ports from outside. To get it listen on the interface connected to Internet we must enable <span style="color: red;">GatewayPorts </span>option in <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/SSH">SSH </a>server's configuration.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Open <b>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</b> using your favorite text editor.</span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Then add <b><span style="color: red;">GatewayPorts yes</span></b> at the bottom of the file.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">After saving the file, restart the SSH daemon:</span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">service ssh restart</span></span></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Step 2: Tunneling:</u></b></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">If your home computer runs Linux, you’ll need to use the ssh command as follows:</span></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">ssh -R [Port to forward to on your VPS]:localhost:[Port to forward on your local machine] [VPS IP]</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Or if you have installed Microsoft Windows on your machine then you have to install <a href="http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html">plink</a> and connect as shows below:</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">plink -R [Port to forward to on your VPS]:localhost:[Port to forward on your local machine] [VPS IP]</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">In this example, we’re forwarding port <b>19132</b> which is open on your at-home machine to port <b>80 </b>on your remote server (assuming your server's IP Address is <b>192.168.0.1</b>).</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">ssh -R 80:localhost:19132 192.168.0.1</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">This will allow you to access your at-home machine from a remote location by connecting to <b>192.168.0.1:80</b></span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></div>
</div>
</div>

Reverse SSH Tunneling

Reverse SSH Tunneling In this tutorial we will covering how to bypass these restrictions using a technique called Rerverse SSH Tunneling...

Setup SFTP-only User Accounts on CentOS 7

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<h1 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Raleway, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 46px; margin: 0px 0px 8px;">
<span style="color: #990000; font-size: large;"><u>Setup SFTP-only User Accounts on CentOS</u></span></h1>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">The SSH File Transfer Protocol (also Secure File Transfer Protocol, or SFTP) is a network protocol that provides file access, file transfer, and file management over any reliable data stream. It was designed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) as an extension of the Secure Shell protocol (<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/SSH">SSH</a>) version 2.0 to provide secure file </span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0UoU738wfzIiGQcNwEh7rGJzNHBJmmJiBCvuVQpMOAdQltLab9w4pAzEuFpSuexA7trPxiLLFCLlTR2TJ-Iuw-Tz4zF2QdvvYDZr5vwxR2dW0WcSbp6qnjOAC6quoc-tRpzxf6KI3tkgX/s1600/sftp-software-hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0UoU738wfzIiGQcNwEh7rGJzNHBJmmJiBCvuVQpMOAdQltLab9w4pAzEuFpSuexA7trPxiLLFCLlTR2TJ-Iuw-Tz4zF2QdvvYDZr5vwxR2dW0WcSbp6qnjOAC6quoc-tRpzxf6KI3tkgX/s1600/sftp-software-hackthesec.co.in.jpg" /></a></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">transfer capabilities. The IETF Internet Draft states that, even though this protocol is described in the context of the SSH-2 protocol, it could be used in a number of different applications, such as secure file transfer over Transport Layer Security (TLS) and transfer of management information in <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/VPN">VPN </a>applications.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Step 1: Create a dedicated sFTP group and a dedicated sFTP user</u></b></span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"><span style="color: white;">groupadd sftpusers
</span><span style="color: orange;">useradd -G sftpusers -s /sbin/nologin user1
</span><span style="color: white;">passwd user1</span></span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Here, the group <b>sftpusers </b>is a dedicated sFTP group, the user <b>user1 </b>is a dedicated sFTP user which is forbidden to log in using SSH.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Step 2: Modify the configuration of the sshd service</u></b></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Open the configuration file of the sshd service:</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Find the line:</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: orange; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">Subsystem sftp /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Replace it with:</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"><span style="color: white;">Subsystem </span><span style="color: orange;">sftp internal-sftp</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Append the following lines to the end of the file. The group name <b>sftpusers </b>should be the same as the one you specified earlier.</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"><span style="color: white;">Match Group sftpusers
X11Forwarding no
AllowTcpForwarding no
</span><span style="color: orange;">ChrootDirectory %h
</span><span style="color: white;">ForceCommand internal-sftp</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Save and quit: use :wq</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Restart the sshd service to put your changes into effect.</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"><span style="color: white;">systemctl </span><span style="color: orange;">restart sshd.service</span></span></span></pre>
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<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 3: Create a dedicated directory for the sFTP-only user</span></u></b></div>
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You need to specify a directory for the sFTP-only user and make sure that this user can only play around in this directory:</div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"><span style="color: white;">chown -R root /home/user1
chmod -R 755 /home/user1
</span><span style="color: orange;">mkdir /home/user1/files
</span><span style="color: white;">chown user1. /home/user1/files</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Now, the user <b>user1 </b>can only upload and/or download files in the directory <b>/home/user1/files</b>, he or she can never touch other users' files.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><div>
<b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 4: Create more sFTP-only users</span></u></b></div>
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If you need more sFTP-only users, you can create them in the same fashion:</div>
</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"><span style="color: orange;">useradd -G sftpusers -s /sbin/nologin user2
passwd user2</span><span style="color: white;">
chown -R root /home/user2
chmod -R 755 /home/user2
mkdir /home/user2/files
chown user2. /home/user2/files</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">That's it. Each user account created in this fashion will be denied if you use it to log in the system. These user accounts can be used only in sFTP programs.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></span></span></div>
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