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How to Force Redirect to www or non-www in Htaccess

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<span style="color: #990000;">Redirect to www or non-www in Htaccess</span></h2>
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For <b>SEO purposes</b> this is good practice to keep your website urls either with www or without www only. In this tutorial you will learn how to force redirect to <b>www</b> or non-www url only. 301 status code tells search engines that the page has permanently moved to a new location.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXnFVAtIK93tJonxEbCOIFK5h8V7UVhJ-kafettzvQ8qcjkxdLxk0R7YxgkjsuhCudtmWlQNEVJoMgmMK7EdzG1TWQZQTrW9QSOkA5BJ4Zt9ID8zOPThEZpWXKjOH0OSh6J4I4IymdlPlW/s1600/non-www+Redirect+to+www+htaccess_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXnFVAtIK93tJonxEbCOIFK5h8V7UVhJ-kafettzvQ8qcjkxdLxk0R7YxgkjsuhCudtmWlQNEVJoMgmMK7EdzG1TWQZQTrW9QSOkA5BJ4Zt9ID8zOPThEZpWXKjOH0OSh6J4I4IymdlPlW/s1600/non-www+Redirect+to+www+htaccess_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px;">Force Redirect to WWW or Non-WWW</span></div>
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Login to server with admin privileges and navigate to document root of your website. Now create a .htaccess file using one of below content as per your requirements.</div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">Force non-www to www</span></h3>
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This will force url as www.example.com, this will always add www in url either you accessed it with or witout www.</div>
<pre class="pretty" style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(240, 240, 240); border-left-color: rgb(116, 183, 63); border-left-width: 3px; border-radius: 5px; border-style: none none none solid; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 8px 20px 8px 18px; vertical-align: baseline;">RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^example.com [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.example.com/$1 [L,R=301,NC]<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">Force www to non-www</span></h3>
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This will force url as example.com, this will always remove www from url, you either accessed it with or witout www.</div>
<pre class="pretty" style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(240, 240, 240); border-left-color: rgb(116, 183, 63); border-left-width: 3px; border-radius: 5px; border-style: none none none solid; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 8px 20px 8px 18px; vertical-align: baseline;">RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.example\.com [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://example.com/$1 [L,R=301,NC]<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">Enable .htaccess to Work</span></h2>
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Before using <b>.htaccess</b>, make sure your <b>.htaccess</b> is enabled to use in Apache. To enable this add following settings under your domains VirtualHost.</div>
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[...]
    <Directory "/home/user/public_html">
         Allowoverride all
    </Directory>
    [...]

</VirtualHost><span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">Enable Apache Rewrite Module</span></h2>
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Also make sure Apache <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_rewrite.html" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">rewrite</a> module is enabled. If not use the following command to enable module.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">$ sudo </span><span style="color: lime;">a2enmode</span><span style="color: white;"> rewrite<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" target="_blank">Hack The Security</a>
<a href="https://www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity" target="_blank">Hack The Security Twitter</a>
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/htsecu" target="_blank">Hack The Security Facebook</a></span></pre>
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How to Force Redirect to www or non-www in Htaccess

Redirect to www or non-www in Htaccess For SEO purposes this is good practice to keep your website urls either with www or without www...

How to Setup X11VNC Server on Ubuntu & LinuxMint

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<span style="color: #cc0000;">X11VNC Server on Ubuntu,LinuxMint & Debian</span></h2>
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<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">X11VNC</span> is the popular VNC server for creating remote desktop connection and access remote desktop. It works will almost all the desktop environment available for Ubuntu and Debian based systems. Using remote desktop connection we can connect any remote system and access graphical user interface and work. We can use any available <b>vnc viewer</b> like tight vnc viewer, real vnc viewer or ultra vnc viewer.</div>
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<b>X11VNC</b> can be a better remote support software for you. This tutorial will help you to setup x11vnc server on your <b><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Ubuntu" target="_blank">Ubuntu</a>, <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/LinuxMint" target="_blank">LinuxMint</a> & <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Debian" target="_blank">Debian</a></b> system and connect using vnc viewer from client system.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwRpefC79_o6qQQtviC1z8fiPhYtPG9oZBjNvwLmbtorPQfNFxLoYzK-0CBwOI2YROo3ojStk6JwG5LpsgUKuCKvgBfwkxBoQWYvAFktjMuMUCgxTFmsRCWcWXsAMVjs_Y6SnArbhZnHtV/s1600/vnc_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwRpefC79_o6qQQtviC1z8fiPhYtPG9oZBjNvwLmbtorPQfNFxLoYzK-0CBwOI2YROo3ojStk6JwG5LpsgUKuCKvgBfwkxBoQWYvAFktjMuMUCgxTFmsRCWcWXsAMVjs_Y6SnArbhZnHtV/s1600/vnc_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px;">Install X11VNC</span></div>
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X11vnc packages are available under default repositories, So just update default repositories and install.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">$ sudo </span><span style="color: lime;">apt-get</span><span style="color: white;"> update
$ sudo apt-get </span><span style="color: lime;">install x11vnc</span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">Create Password</span></h2>
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Now create a password to connect using vnc viewer from client system.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">$ </span><span style="color: lime;">x11vnc</span><span style="color: white;"> -storepasswd

Enter VNC password: </span><orange><span style="color: lime;">*********</span></orange><span style="color: white;">
Verify password: </span><orange><span style="color: lime;">********* </span></orange><orange style="color: orange;"> </orange><span style="color: white;">  
Write password to /home/rahul/.vnc/passwd?  [y]/n </span><orange><span style="color: lime;">y</span></orange><span style="color: white;">
Password written to: /home/rahul/.vnc/passwd</span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
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Start X11VNC Server</h2>
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After successful installation of x11vnc server on your system. Let’s start it using following command. Change the parameters as per your setup.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;">$ sudo x11vnc -auth guess -forever -loop -noxdamage -repeat -rfbauth /home/rahul/.vnc/passwd -rfbport 5900 -shared<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">Setup AutoStart on Boot</span></h2>
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Finally setup the auto start of x11vnc server on system boot. Create a<span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">x11vnc.conf</span> file under /etc/init/ directory using following content.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;">$ sudo vi /etc/init/x11vnc.conf<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<pre class="pretty" style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(240, 240, 240); border-left-color: rgb(116, 183, 63); border-left-width: 3px; border-radius: 5px; border-style: none none none solid; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 8px 20px 8px 18px; vertical-align: baseline;"># description "Start <span style="color: lime;">x11vnc</span> on system boot"

description "<span style="color: lime;">x11vnc</span>"

start on runlevel [2345]
stop on runlevel [^2345]

console log

respawn
respawn limit 20 5

exec /usr/bin/x11vnc -auth guess -forever -loop -noxdamage -repeat -rfbauth /home/rahul/.vnc/passwd -rfbport 5900 -shared<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Hack The Security</span></a></span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;"><br /><a href="https://www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity" style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Hack The Security Twitter</span></a></span></span><br />
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How to Setup X11VNC Server on Ubuntu & LinuxMint

X11VNC Server on Ubuntu,LinuxMint & Debian X11VNC is the popular VNC server for creating remote desktop connection and access remo...

How to Install Let's Encrypt Free SSL Certificate On Your Website

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<span style="color: #990000; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Let's Encrypt Free SSL Certificate</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Another Big Milestone – Let's Encrypt is now offering Free HTTPS certificates to everyone.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Let's Encrypt has opened to the public, allowing anyone to obtain Free SSL/TLS (Secure </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Socket Layer/Transport Layer Security) certificates for their web servers and to set up </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">HTTPS websites in a few simple steps (mentioned below).</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1sjOf0OvF38_XIzP1MSCnDswZKku0NZgHHzM3Z0u2KqzLUnVIxfvxHsQgWR_pD0bERZ5kp_IzF3JXdVT_d_pC-sGpGXU8Rop8uMcJbOtiwJITUBEOJZRtWyRc1k9qWxBUXzxDFhzmVPTE/s1600/free-ssl-certificate_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="394" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1sjOf0OvF38_XIzP1MSCnDswZKku0NZgHHzM3Z0u2KqzLUnVIxfvxHsQgWR_pD0bERZ5kp_IzF3JXdVT_d_pC-sGpGXU8Rop8uMcJbOtiwJITUBEOJZRtWyRc1k9qWxBUXzxDFhzmVPTE/s640/free-ssl-certificate_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b>Let's Encrypt</b> – an initiative run by the Internet Security Research Group (ISRG) – is a new, free, and open certificate authority recognized by all major browsers, including Google's Chrome, Mozilla's Firefox and Microsoft's Internet Explorer.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The Free SSL Certification Authority is now in public beta after testing a trial among a select group of volunteers.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: red; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;"><u><b>Why Let's Encrypt?</b></u></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Let's Encrypt promised to offer a certificate authority (CA) which is:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b>Free</b> – no charge for HTTPS certs.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b>Automatic</b> – the installation, configuration as well as the renewal of the certificates do not require any administrator action.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b>Open</b> – the automatic issuance, as well as renewal procedures, will be published as the open standard.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b>Transparent</b> – the records of all certs issuance or revocation will be available publicly.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b>Secure</b> – the team is committed to being a model of best practice in their own operations.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b>Cooperative</b> – Let's Encrypt is managed by a multi-stakeholder organization and exists to benefit the community, not any of the consortium members.</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
<b><u><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">How to Install Let's Encrypt Free SSL Certificate</span></u></b><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 28px;">First of all, let's say you want to get a certificate for example.com. To run the installation, you must have root access to your example.com web server.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 28px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 28px;">To Generate and Install Let's Encrypt Free SSL Certificate, you must first download and run the Let's Encrypt client application.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 28px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 28px;">To install Let's Encrypt Free SSL certificate follow these Steps:</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "roboto slab";"><span style="line-height: 28px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "roboto slab";"><span style="line-height: 28px;">Step 1: Login to your 'example.com' web server using SSH with root access.</span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "roboto slab"; line-height: 28px;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px;"><br /></span>
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<span style="background-color: transparent;">Step 2: To install the Git version control system, type the following command:</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: small; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;"><span style="color: white;">apt-get install git</span></span></pre>
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<span style="background-color: transparent;">Step 3: Then download and install the latest version of Let's Encrypt Client application, type the following commands:</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;">
<span style="color: white;">git clone https://github.com/letsencrypt/</span><span style="color: lime;">letsencrypt</span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;">
<span style="color: white;">cd </span><span style="color: lime;">letsencrypt</span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;">
<span style="color: white;">./letsencrypt-auto</span></div>
</pre>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Step 4: Once the installation starts, press Enter to accept the agreement.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Step 5: Then press Enter to specify the server name manually in the text box (<span style="color: red;">for example,www.example.com</span>) and then press Enter.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Step 6: Next, enter your email address, where you can receive messages from Let's Encrypt and to recover lost keys, and then press Enter.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Step 7: Review the 'Terms of Service,' and then press Enter to generate and install the SSL certificate.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Once the installation completes, you'll receive a '<span style="color: lime;">Congratulation</span>' message.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b><u>How to Configure Nginx/<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Apache" target="_blank">Apache</a> for Let's Encrypt SSL Certificate</u></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">By default, Nginx or Apache web servers are not configured to how to use your new certificates.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">For example, in case of Nginx: To use the installed SSL certificate, you need to edit Nginx configuration file. Type the following command to open Nginx configuration file:</span><br />
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<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: small; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;"><span style="color: white;">$ sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/www.example.com</span></span></pre>
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<span style="background-color: transparent;">Within that file, add the following lines.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;">
<span style="color: white;">http{</span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;">
<span style="color: white;">server{</span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;">
<span style="color: white;">…</span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;">
<span style="color: white;">listen 443 ssl;</span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;">
<span style="color: white;">server_name www.example.com;</span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;">
<span style="color: white;">ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.example.com/fullchain.pem;</span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;">
<span style="color: white;">ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/.wwwexample.com/privkey.pem;</span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;">
<span style="color: white;">…</span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;">
<span style="color: white;">}</span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;">
<span style="color: white;">}</span></div>
</pre>
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<span style="background-color: transparent;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 28px;">Save the file, and just restart your Nginx web server, using the following command:</span></span></span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: small; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;"><span style="color: white;">$ </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; white-space: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "times new roman";">sudo </span><span style="color: lime; font-family: "times new roman";">nginx</span><span style="color: white; font-family: "times new roman";"> -s reload</span></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">That's it! Check complete <a href="https://letsencrypt.readthedocs.org/en/latest/">documentation</a> here. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Congratulation you have successfully installed SSL certificate for your example.com domain.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b>Note : <span style="color: red;">How to Renew Let's Encrypt Free SSL Certificate:</span></b><span style="color: red;"> It is important to note that the beta version of</span></span><br />
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Let's Encrypt issues certificates that expire after 90 days. So, to renew your SSL certificate, you need</span></span><br />
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">to run the letsencrypt-auto script again after expiration.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">Hack The Security</a></span></span><br />
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity">Hack The Security Twitter</a></span></span></div>

How to Install Let's Encrypt Free SSL Certificate On Your Website

Let's Encrypt Free SSL Certificate Another Big Milestone – Let's Encrypt is now offering Free HTTPS certificates to everyone. ...

How to Enable HTTP/2.0 in Apache

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<span style="color: #990000;">Enable HTTP/2.0 in Apache</span></h2>
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HTTP/2 (HTTP/2.0) is the major upgrade over older version HTTP/1.1 protocol.HTTP/1 was released in 1997 and after a long time the HTTP/2 is released in 2015. HTTP/2 protocol is based on SPDY (generally known as speedy). Some of the key improvements of HTTP/2 are:</div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRfzX8891XlZ3GSmUKBfVQWYHbJq9ePIvrusvCt7O368M31f-hfprjN_8bVPypAWKTe48HzPvOz6JxXoLwgs9JXYIXL8NKdx5h84WQF-xCRZ8PXBPIoxlbqnBrGGM5LEqx2L0ycXRdYwtD/s1600/http2_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="172" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRfzX8891XlZ3GSmUKBfVQWYHbJq9ePIvrusvCt7O368M31f-hfprjN_8bVPypAWKTe48HzPvOz6JxXoLwgs9JXYIXL8NKdx5h84WQF-xCRZ8PXBPIoxlbqnBrGGM5LEqx2L0ycXRdYwtD/s320/http2_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="320" /></a>
<li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Server push:</span> Server will pro-actively sent components to clients, So clients doesn’t need to wait for sending requests to server.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Multiplexing:</span> Reducing number of active connection by bundling multiple HTTP requests from client and sent to server.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Encryption</span>: efficiently use to encryption with TLS protocol in HTTP/2 over HTTP/1.1.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">HTTP header compression:</span> Compressed headers will reduce the overhead of additional requests to web server.</li>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">Install or Update Apache</span></h2>
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HTTP/2 protocol supported over <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Apache" target="_blank">Apache</a> version >=2.4.17</span>. So make sure that your <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Apache" target="_blank">Apache</a> version supporting HTTP/2 protocol. If you have not installed Apache or using older version upgrade it first. Use the following commands to add PPA for installing latest Apache2 version on your Ubuntu system.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">$ sudo apt-get install </span><span style="color: lime;">python-software-properties</span><span style="color: white;">
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/apache2
$ sudo </span><span style="color: lime;">apt-get</span><span style="color: white;"> update
$ sudo apt-get install </span><span style="color: lime;">apache2</span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">Verify Apache Version</span></h2>
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After successful installation of <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Apache" target="_blank">Apache2</a> web server on your system, make sure you have Apache >=2.4.17, Earlier version does not supports HTTP/2 protocol.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">$ apache2 -v

Server version: </span><span style="color: lime;">Apache/2.4.17 (Ubuntu)</span><span style="color: white;">
Server built:   2015-11-05T00:00:00</span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">Enable HTTP/2 in <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Apache" target="_blank">Apache</a></span></h2>
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HTTP/2 protocol requires SSL/TLS virtual hosts. You can’t use HTTP/2 protocol without SSL/TLS enabled websites. Now edit your website VirtualHost and add <orange>http2</orange> keyword in listen section.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;">$ sudo a2enmod http2
$ sudo service apache2 restart<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">Verify HTTP/2</span></h2>
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Now configure a VirtualHost with SSL for your domain and use following online tool for testing HTTP/2 support on your website.</div>
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<span style="color: red; outline: none; text-decoration: none;"><a href="https://tools.keycdn.com/http2-test" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">https://tools.keycdn.com/http2-test</a><br /><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" target="_blank">Hack The Security</a><br /><a href="https://www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity" target="_blank">Hack The Security Twitter</a><br /><a href="http://facebook.com/htsecu" target="_blank">Hack The Security Facebook</a></span></div>
</div>
</div>

How to Enable HTTP/2.0 in Apache

Enable HTTP/2.0 in Apache HTTP/2 (HTTP/2.0) is the major upgrade over older version HTTP/1.1 protocol.HTTP/1 was released in 1997 and a...

How To Protect SSH/FTP using Fail2ban on CentOS/RHEL

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<span style="color: #990000;">Protect SSH/FTP using Fail2ban on <span style="color: #990000;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Centos" target="_blank">CentOS</a>/<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/RHEL" target="_blank">RHEL</a></span></span></h2>
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<br /></div>
<span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Fail2ban</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px;"> is very useful application for you, if you are managing security of server, or you are running your own vps or physical server. Fail2ban scan log files created on system and has ability to ban ips which found malicious bassed on configuration rules. We can use it for monitoring various system services logs like Apache, SSH and blog the ips which are trying to breach the system’s security.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #0b5394; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #0b5394; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px;">Step 1: Install EPEL RPM Repository</span><br />
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 28px;">Fail2ban is available in <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/how-to-install-epel-repo-on-centos-and.html" target="_blank">EPEL</a> repository, So make sure you have installed <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/how-to-install-epel-repo-on-centos-and.html" target="_blank">EPEL</a> repository in your system or you can use </span><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/how-to-install-epel-repo-on-centos-and.html" style="line-height: 28px; outline: none; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">these instructions</a><span style="line-height: 28px;"> to install it.</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="line-height: 28px;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 2: Install Fail2ban Package</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
After installing required repository use yum package manager to install Fail2ban rpm package using following command.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"># yum install fail2ban<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 3: Setup Fail2ban Default Configuration</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Fail2ban provides its own security configuration file <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/etc/fail2ban/jail.conf</span>, but we need to create a copy of this file as <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">jail.local</span>.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"># cp /etc/fail2ban/jail.conf /etc/fail2ban/jail.local<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Now we need to make necessory changes in jail.local file to create ban rules. Edit this file in your favorite editor and make changes in <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[DEFAULT]</span> section.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"># "ignoreip" can be an IP address, a CIDR mask or a DNS host. Fail2ban will use as always allowed, 
# so add your system ip to protect your ip from banned.
<orange style="color: orange;">ignoreip = 127.0.0.1/8 192.168.1.0/24 11.22.33.44</orange>

# "bantime" is the total number of seconds that a host is banned (3600sec = 1 Hour ).
<orange style="color: orange;">bantime  = 3600</orange>

# A host is banned if it has generated "maxretry" during the last "findtime" seconds. as per below 
# settings, 2 minutes
<orange style="color: orange;">findtime  = 120</orange>

# "maxretry" is the number of failures before a host get banned.
<orange style="color: orange;">maxretry = 3 </orange><span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 4: Protect SSH/SFTP</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
After completing default configuration, go down in the same file jail.local and update <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[ssh-iptables]</span> section as below.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;">enabled  = true
filter   = sshd
action   = iptables[name=SSH, port=22, protocol=tcp]
           sendmail-whois[name=SSH, dest=root, sender=admin@hackthesec.co.in, sendername="Fail2Ban"]
logpath  = /var/log/secure
maxretry = 3<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 5: Protect FTP (vsFTPd) Server</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Let’s protect your FTP (vsFTPd) server, Find the below entry of <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[vsftpd-iptables]</span> section and make changes as below. If you are not using vsFTPd, you can skip this section.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;">[vsftpd-iptables]

enabled  = true
filter   = vsftpd
action   = iptables[name=VSFTPD, port=21, protocol=tcp]
           sendmail-whois[name=VSFTPD, dest=admin@hackthesec.co.in]
logpath  = /var/log/vsftpd.log
maxretry = 5
bantime  = 1800<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 6: Restart Fail2ban Service</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
After making all the changes save your file and restart Fail2ban service using following command.</div>
<br />
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
<div class="single-post-ad" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: both; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
<br />
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;"># service fail2ban restart
# chkconfig fail2ban on<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" target="_blank">Hack The Security</a>
<a href="https://www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity" target="_blank">Hack The Security Twitter</a>
<a href="http://facebook.com/htsecu" target="_blank">Hack The Security Facebook</a></pre>
</div>

How To Protect SSH/FTP using Fail2ban on CentOS/RHEL

Protect SSH/FTP using Fail2ban on CentOS / RHEL Fail2ban is very useful application for you, if you are managing security of server, ...

How to Install Apache Tomcat 9 (Alpha) on CentOS & RHEL

java version "</span><orange><span style="color: lime;">1.8.0_66</span></orange><span style="color: white;">"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_66-b17)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.66-b17, mixed mode)</span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">

</span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Tomcat 9 is designed to run on Java SE 8 and later. So make sure you have installed correct version on your system. If you don’t have Java installed on your system or installed lower version, use one of following link to install Java first.</div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red; outline: none; text-decoration: none;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/how-to-install-java-8-jdk-8u66-on_22.html" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Install Java 8 CentOS/RHEL & Fedora</a></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #0b5394; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px;">Step 2: Download Tomcat Archive</span><br /><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Download Apache Tomcat 9 archive file using following commands or you can visit <a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/download-90.cgi">Tomcat 9 official download page</a> for download most recent available version. After downloading extract archive file in /opt directory. You may change this location as per your setup.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;"># cd /usr/local
# wget http://www.us.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.0.M1/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M1.tar.gz
# tar </span><orange><span style="color: white;">xzf</span></orange><span style="color: white;"> apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M1.tar.gz
# mv apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M1 tomcat9</span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h5 class="heading1" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 3: Configure Environment Variables</span></h5>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Before starting Tomcat, configure CATALINA_HOME environment variable in your system using following commands.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"># echo "export CATALINA_HOME=\"/usr/local/tomcat9\"" >> ~/.bashrc
# source ~/.bashrc<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h5 class="heading1" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 4: Setup User Accounts</span></h5>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Finally we need to create user accounts to secure and access admin/manager pages. Edit <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">conf/tomcat-users.xml</span> file in your editor and paste inside <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><tomcat-users> </tomcat-users></span> tags.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red;"><green></green>
</span><span style="color: white;"><role rolename="</span><orange><span style="color: lime;">manager-gui</span></orange><span style="color: white;">" />
<user username="</span><orange><span style="color: lime;">manager</span></orange><span style="color: white;">" password="</span><orange><span style="color: lime;">_SECRET_PASSWORD_</span></orange><span style="color: white;">" roles="</span><orange><span style="color: lime;">manager-gui</span></orange><span style="color: white;">" />

</span><span style="color: red;"><green></green>
</span><span style="color: white;"><role rolename="</span><orange><span style="color: lime;">admin-gui</span></orange><span style="color: white;">" />
<user username="</span><orange><span style="color: lime;">admin</span></orange><span style="color: white;">" password="</span><orange><span style="color: lime;">_SECRET_PASSWORD_</span></orange><span style="color: white;">" roles="</span><orange><span style="color: lime;">manager-gui,admin-gui</span></orange><span style="color: white;">" /></span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h5 class="heading1" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 5: Starting Tomcat</span></h5>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Tomcat is very easy to use, There are no need to compile its source. You simple extract the archive and start the tomcat server. Tomcat by default start on port 8080, So make sure no other application using the same port.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"># cd /usr/local/tomcat9
# ./bin/startup.sh<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[Sample Output]</span></div>
<pre class="pretty" style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(240, 240, 240); border-left-color: rgb(116, 183, 63); border-left-width: 3px; border-radius: 5px; border-style: none none none solid; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 8px 20px 8px 18px; vertical-align: baseline;">Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat9
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat9
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat9/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /opt/jdk1.8.0_66
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat9/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat9/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h5 class="heading1" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 6: Access Tomcat in Browser</span></h5>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Tomcat server default works on port <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">8080</span>. Access tomcat on web browser by connecting your server on port 8080.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><purple>Access Tomcat Home:-</purple></span> This is default tomcat home page. There are no authentication required to access this page..</div>
<pre class="pretty" style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(240, 240, 240); border-left-color: rgb(116, 183, 63); border-left-width: 3px; border-radius: 5px; border-style: none none none solid; font-size: 0.9em; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 8px 20px 8px 18px; vertical-align: baseline;">http://localhost:8080 </pre>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" target="_blank">Hack The Security</a>
<a href="https://www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity" target="_blank">Hack The Security Twitter</a>
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/htsecu/" target="_blank">Hack The Security Facebook Page</a></pre>
</div>
</div>

How to Install Apache Tomcat 9 (Alpha) on CentOS & RHEL

Apache Tomcat 9 (Alpha) on CentOS & RHEL Tomcat is developed by Apache Foundation’s. It also known as Apache Tomcat. It is opensour...

How to Install Tomcat 8.0.27 on CentOS/RHEL and Ubuntu

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 class="title single-title title20" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 28px; line-height: 38px; margin: 0px 0px 5px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #990000;">Tomcat 8.0.27 on CentOS/RHEL and Ubuntu</span></h2>
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Apache Tomcat is an opensource web hosting server for Java based web application. Tomcat is licensed under Apache License version 2. Apache has released stable version of Tomcat 8 on June 25, 2014. Which is available for download on its official site. Apache tomcat 8 has upgraded some features. Below are few details about Tomcat 8.</div>
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<li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tomcat 8 requires JAVA 7 or Higher to work.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tomcat 8 supports Java Servlet 3.1</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tomcat 8 supports JavaServer Pages 2.3</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tomcat 8 supports Java Unified Expression Language 3.0</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tomcat 8 supports Java WebSocket 1.0</li>
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This article will help you to Install Tomcat 8 on your <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Centos" target="_blank">CentOS</a>/<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/RHEL" target="_blank">RHEL</a> and Ubuntu systems. Tomcat 8 stable release is available for download. To install other version of tomcat visit <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/how-to-install-tomcat-7064-server-on.html" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Install Tomcat 7 on CentOS/RHEL</a> or <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/how-to-install-tomcat-7065-server-on.html" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Install Tomcat 7 on Ubuntu</a> as per your operating system used.</div>
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<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/how-to-install-apache-tomcat-9-alpha-on.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">How to Install Apache Tomcat 9 (Alpha) on CentOS & RHEL </span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/how-to-install-tomcat-7064-server-on.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">How to Install Tomcat 7.0.64 Server on CentOS/RHEL 7/6/5</span></a></li>
</ul>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px;">Step 1: Verify JAVA</span></div>
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JAVA is the first requirement of Tomcat installation. Use following command to check if you have java installed already on your system.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;"># </span><orange><span style="color: lime;">java -version</span></orange><span style="color: white;">

java version "</span><orange><span style="color: lime;">1.8.0_60</span></orange><span style="color: white;">"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_60-b27)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.60-b23, mixed mode)</span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
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Tomcat 8 is designed to run on Java SE 7 and later. So make sure you have installed correct version on your system. If you don’t have Java installed on your system or installed lower version, use one of following link to install Java first.</div>
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<li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red; outline: none;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/how-to-install-java-8-jdk-8u66-on_22.html" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Install Java 8 CentOS/RHEL & Fedora</a></span></li>
<li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/how-to-install-java-8-jdk-8u66-on.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Install Java 8 on Ubuntu</span></a></li>
</ul>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 2: Downloading Tomcat Archive</span></h5>
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Download Apache Tomcat 8 archive file using following commands or you can visit Tomcat 8 <a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/download-80.cgi" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">official download page</a> for download most recent available version. After downloading extract archive file in /opt directory. You may change this location as per your setup.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;"># cd /opt
# wget http://www.us.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.0.27/bin/apache-tomcat-8.0.27.tar.gz
# tar </span><orange><span style="color: white;">xzf</span></orange><span style="color: white;"> apache-tomcat-8.0.27.tar.gz</span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 3: Configure Environment Variables</span></h2>
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Before starting Tomcat, configure <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">CATALINA_HOME</span> environment variable in your system using following commands.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"># echo "export CATALINA_HOME=\"/opt/apache-tomcat-8.0.27\"" >> ~/.bashrc
# source ~/.bashrc<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h5 class="heading1" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 4: Starting Tomcat</span></h5>
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Tomcat is very easy to use, There are no need to compile its source. You simple extract the archive and start the tomcat server. Tomcat by default start on port 8080, So make sure no other application using the same port.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"># cd /opt/apache-tomcat-8.0.27
# ./bin/startup.sh<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[Sample Output]</span></div>
<pre class="pretty" style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(240, 240, 240); border-left-color: rgb(116, 183, 63); border-left-width: 3px; border-radius: 5px; border-style: none none none solid; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 8px 20px 8px 18px; vertical-align: baseline;">Using CATALINA_BASE:   /opt/apache-tomcat-8.0.27
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /opt/apache-tomcat-8.0.27
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /opt/apache-tomcat-8.0.27/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /opt/jdk1.8.0_60
Using CLASSPATH:       /opt/apache-tomcat-8.0.27/bin/bootstrap.jar:/opt/apache-tomcat-8.0.27/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 5: Access Tomcat in Browser</span></h5>
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Tomcat server works on port <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">8080</span> default. Access tomcat on web browser by connecting your server on port 8080.</div>
<pre class="pretty" style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(240, 240, 240); border-left-color: rgb(116, 183, 63); border-left-width: 3px; border-radius: 5px; border-style: none none none solid; font-size: 0.9em; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 8px 20px 8px 18px; vertical-align: baseline;"> http://localhost:8080 </pre>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiu_bkmR9uyFXmf9n1wc5cWURGwA7v0Si4yJ1wQ6BFcXbu6fK1kGqhjcJvG-wKkYfCLbfgbP1Pb2rVEgEo7CbhNzyZ8-UXoNb5INv_RhrFpnyHMZBGdg9raW95yO0rei9MSeB-V7cIOWysr/s1600/Apache-Tomcat-8.0.27_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="418" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiu_bkmR9uyFXmf9n1wc5cWURGwA7v0Si4yJ1wQ6BFcXbu6fK1kGqhjcJvG-wKkYfCLbfgbP1Pb2rVEgEo7CbhNzyZ8-UXoNb5INv_RhrFpnyHMZBGdg9raW95yO0rei9MSeB-V7cIOWysr/s640/Apache-Tomcat-8.0.27_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-weight: bolder;">Step 6: Setup User Accounts</span></h5>
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Finally we need to create user accounts to secure and access admin/manager pages. Edit <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">conf/tomcat-users.xml</span> file in your editor and paste inside <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><tomcat-users> </tomcat-users></span> tags.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); font-size: 0.9em; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red;"><green></green>
</span><span style="color: white;"><role rolename="</span><orange><span style="color: lime;">manager-gui</span></orange><span style="color: white;">" />
<user username="</span><orange><span style="color: lime;">manager</span></orange><span style="color: white;">" password="</span><orange><span style="color: lime;">_SECRET_PASSWORD_</span></orange><span style="color: white;">" roles="</span><orange><span style="color: lime;">manager-gui</span></orange><span style="color: white;">" />

How to Install Tomcat 8.0.27 on CentOS/RHEL and Ubuntu

Tomcat 8.0.27 on CentOS/RHEL and Ubuntu Apache Tomcat is an opensource web hosting server for Java based web application. Tomcat is lic...

How to Install Tomcat 7.0.64 Server on CentOS/RHEL 7/6/5

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<span style="color: #990000;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-size: 28px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 38px;">Tomcat 7.0.64 Server on CentOS/RHEL 7/6/5</span><span class="post-author" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"></span></span><br />
<div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><red>Apache <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Tomcat">Tomcat</a></red></span> is a opensource web server for Java applicaton of Apache Foundation like Apache HTTP server. It used for deploying Java Servlet and JSP applications. To deploy any application in Tomcat we can simply create a war file and deploy them. For more details about you can visit apache official site <span style="color: red;"><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://tomcat.apache.org/</a> </span>.</span></div>
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<div style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This article will help you to install<span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Tomcat 7</span> on CentOS/RHEL servers. We are using CentOS 7 and installing Apache tomcat 7.0.64. To read more about this release read <a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/RELEASE-NOTES.txt" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Tomcat Release Notes</span></a>.</span></div>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 28px;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/how-to-install-tomcat-8027-on.html"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">How to Install Tomcat 8.0.27 on CentOS/RHEL and Ubuntu</span></a></span></li>
<li><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/how-to-install-apache-tomcat-9-alpha-on.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">How to Install Apache Tomcat 9 (Alpha) on CentOS & RHEL </span></a></li>
</ul>
<br />
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "roboto slab"; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px;">Step 1: Check Java Version</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">JAVA is the first requirement for Tomcat 7 installation. Make sure you have <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">JAVA SE 6 or Later version</span> installed in your system. Use following command to check if you have java installed already on your system.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;"># </span><span style="color: lime;">java <orange style="color: orange;">-version</orange></span><span style="color: white;">

java version "</span><orange style="color: orange;"><span style="color: lime;">1.8.0_60</span></orange><span style="color: white;">"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_60-b27)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.60-b23, mixed mode)</span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">If you do not have java installed, Use any article <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/how-to-install-java-8-on-debian-7-8-via.html" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Install Java 7</span></a> or <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/how-to-install-java-8-jdk-8u66-on_22.html" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Install Java 8</span></a> in RHEL based systems.</span></div>
<h5 class="heading1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 2: Downloading Tomcat 7 Archive</span></h5>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Download Apache Tomcat archive file from Apache tomcat <a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/download-70.cgi" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">official download page</span></a>. You can use below wget command to download it.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"># cd /tmp
# wget http://www.us.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-7/v7.0.64/bin/apache-tomcat-7.0.64.tar.gz<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">After competed download extract archive file in /tmp directory and move to proper location as per your need. We are placing this under /usr/local directory.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"># tar xzf apache-tomcat-7.0.64.tar.gz
# mv apache-tomcat-7.0.64 /usr/local/tomcat7<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 3: Starting Tomcat</span></h5>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Tomcat is very easy to use, There are no need to compile its source. You simple extract the archive and start the tomcat server. Tomcat by default start on port 8080, Make sure no other services are running on same port using ‘telnet localhost 8080’.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"># cd /usr/local/tomcat7

# <orange style="color: orange;">./bin/startup.sh</orange><span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
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<em style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sample Output</em></div>
<pre class="pretty" style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(240, 240, 240); border-left-color: rgb(116, 183, 63); border-left-width: 3px; border-radius: 5px; border-style: none none none solid; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 8px 20px 8px 18px; vertical-align: baseline;">Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat7
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat7
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat7/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /opt/jdk1.8.0_60
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat7/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat7/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 4: Access Tomcat in Browser</span></h5>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Tomcat server works on port 8080 default. To access Tomcat on web browser by connecting your server on port 8080.</span></div>
<pre class="pretty" style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(240, 240, 240); border-left-color: rgb(116, 183, 63); border-left-width: 3px; border-radius: 5px; border-style: none none none solid; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 8px 20px 8px 18px; vertical-align: baseline;"> http://<orange>server.hackthesec.co.in</orange>:8080 </pre>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIYExlnApgA8gbfpc4bfHplVDaTWJfAwF44NYIY5-xrRcR__9lNOkuXg_hnXQEUO9HU5VEbK_H-sTJ0_68c0NrF3aq8wVp_FRUjg2zVux1Fhy5pAw-35_XPyqWDhtQUAg7EExDv0N16Tvu/s1600/tomcat-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="407" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIYExlnApgA8gbfpc4bfHplVDaTWJfAwF44NYIY5-xrRcR__9lNOkuXg_hnXQEUO9HU5VEbK_H-sTJ0_68c0NrF3aq8wVp_FRUjg2zVux1Fhy5pAw-35_XPyqWDhtQUAg7EExDv0N16Tvu/s640/tomcat-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-weight: bolder;">Step 5: Setup User Accounts</span></h5>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Finally we need to create user accounts to secure and access admin/manager pages. Edit<span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">conf/tomcat-users.xml</span> file in your editor and paste inside <tomcat-users> </tomcat-users> tags.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red;"><green style="color: green;"></green>
</span><span style="color: white;"><role rolename="</span><orange style="color: orange;"><span style="color: lime;">manager-gui</span></orange><span style="color: white;">" />
<user username="</span><orange style="color: orange;"><span style="color: lime;">manager</span></orange><span style="color: white;">" password="</span><orange style="color: orange;"><span style="color: lime;">_SECRET_PASSWORD_</span></orange><span style="color: white;">" roles="</span><orange style="color: orange;"><span style="color: lime;">manager-gui</span></orange><span style="color: white;">" />

</span><span style="color: red;"><green style="color: green;"></green>
</span><span style="color: white;"><role rolename="</span><orange style="color: orange;"><span style="color: lime;">admin-gui</span></orange><span style="color: white;">" />
<user username="</span><orange style="color: orange;"><span style="color: lime;">admin</span></orange><span style="color: white;">" password="</span><orange style="color: orange;"><span style="color: lime;">_SECRET_PASSWORD_</span></orange><span style="color: white;">" roles="</span><orange style="color: orange;"><span style="color: lime;">manager-gui,admin-gui</span></orange><span style="color: white;">" /></span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 6: Stop Tomcat</span></h5>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Finally if you feel that there are no need of Tomcat in your system, You can simply stop it using below command from tomcat home directory.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"> # ./bin/shutdown.sh
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I hope above steps will help you to set up Tomcat 7 on your server. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"></span><br />
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" target="_blank">Hack The Security</a>
<a href="https://www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity" target="_blank">Hack The Security Twitter</a>
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/htsecu/" target="_blank">Hack The Security Facebook Page</a></pre>
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How to Install Tomcat 7.0.64 Server on CentOS/RHEL 7/6/5

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