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Configure Postfix SMTP Relay (Smart Host) on CentOS 8

Configure Postfix SMTP Relay (Smart Host) on CentOS 8 Postfix is a Mail Transport Agent (MTA), which can be easily configured as a private relay host, passing mail to other mail servers. Unlike Sendmail, Postfix is considered a very secure MTA, offering a high level of flexibility and ease of administration. In this article, I am configuring Postfix on CentOS 8 as SMTP smart host (relay host) using SASL authentication to send out mail. 1. Install Postfix<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0 0 0 40px; padding: 0px;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgExCIgNV6dSQHUBuJSk7cnAf8X8jYG1wuC6oSMjlXn1enx_vc-wDCcb_coF_D3hCLkPHYGoXdQXiGHgFztfmQ7QuWBhMi26j_bg6vXcEFldqhLIv6e_TuiCOQi-eTeZq5VDeJsZ74-GVyJ_A18TzThvzbTHtBzIqLHcyomSTExNZtzcOzq7FxywZS3SQ/s1200/hackthesec.co.in_postfix.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="840" data-original-width="1200" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgExCIgNV6dSQHUBuJSk7cnAf8X8jYG1wuC6oSMjlXn1enx_vc-wDCcb_coF_D3hCLkPHYGoXdQXiGHgFztfmQ7QuWBhMi26j_bg6vXcEFldqhLIv6e_TuiCOQi-eTeZq5VDeJsZ74-GVyJ_A18TzThvzbTHtBzIqLHcyomSTExNZtzcOzq7FxywZS3SQ/s320/hackthesec.co.in_postfix.png" width="320" /></a></blockquote><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Postfix should be preinstalled on CentOS 8 by default. If for some reason you don’t have the service installed, use the below command to install the relevant package:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> </div><pre class=" language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 15.36px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><code class=" language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">[<a class="token email-link" href="root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">root@hackthesec</a> ~]# dnf install postfix</code></pre>2. Install SASL pluginPackage cyrus-sasl-plain contains the Cyrus SASL plugins which support PLAIN and LOGIN authentication.<pre class=" language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 15.36px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><code class=" language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">[<a class="token email-link" href="root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">root@hackthesec</a> ~]# dnf install cyrus-sasl-plain</code></pre>3. Edit the configuration fileI am configuring the service to act as SMTP smart host, sending the mail to hackthesec mail server, which is my ISP mail server, using SASL authentication (login and password).Edit /etc/postfix/main.cf configuration file and update the below relevant lines:<pre class=" language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 15.36px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><code class=" language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">...
meta_directory = /etc/postfix
myhostname = chronos
mydomain = hackthesec.co.in
local_transport = error: this is a null client
myorigin = $myhostname.$mydomain
# list of trusted network addresses, that can relay through this MTA
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::1]/128
relayhost = [hackthesec.co.in]
disable_dns_lookups = yes

# SASL authentication 
smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtp_sasl_password_maps = static:</code>admin@hackthesec.co.in:mypassword</pre><pre class=" language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 15.36px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><code class=" language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtp_tls_security_level = encrypt
...</code></pre>4. Test the configurationTest the configuration for any obvious errors. If the configuration is correct, the below command should not give any output:<pre class=" language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 15.36px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><code class=" language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">[<a class="token email-link" href="root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">root@hackthesec</a> ~]# postfix check</code></pre>5. Start and enable Postfix serviceLaunch and enable Postfix daemon:<pre class=" language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 15.36px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><code class=" language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">[<a class="token email-link" href="root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">root@hackthesec</a> ~]# systemctl start postfix
[<a class="token email-link" href="root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">root@hackthesec</a> ~]# systemctl enable postfix</code></pre>6. Test the e-mail deliveryVerify the configuration by sending the test e-mail from the command line. Prepare test e-mail body:<pre class=" language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 15.36px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><code class=" language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">[<a class="token email-link" href="root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">root@hackthesec</a> ~]# echo "Subject: Mail Delivery Test" > /tmp/mail.txt
[<a class="token email-link" href="root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">root@hackthesec</a> ~]# echo "This is the example e-mail body" >> /tmp/mail.txt</code></pre>Send the test e-mail using sendmail script with increased verbosity:<pre class=" language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 15.36px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><code class=" language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">[<a class="token email-link" href="root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">root@hackthesec</a> ~]# sendmail -v admin@hackthesec.co.in < /tmp/mail.txt</code></pre>Monitor the system journal to check if the e-mail was successfully relayed to the mail server:<pre class=" language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 15.36px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><code class=" language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">[<a class="token email-link" href="root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">root@hackthesec</a> ~]# journalctl -u postfix </code></pre>Last but not least – check the recipient’s Inbox (or SPAM box), the test e-mail should be delivered successfully.If for some reason the e-mail has not arrived yet, you can display mail queue on your relay host:<pre class=" language-markup" style="background: rgb(39, 40, 34); border-radius: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; color: #f8f8f2; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 15.36px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal;"><code class=" language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;">[<a class="token email-link" href="root@hackthesec" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">root@hackthesec</a> ~]# mailq</code></pre><div><code class=" language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;"> </code></div><div><code class=" language-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, "Andale Mono", monospace; font-size: 14.7456px; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.2; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px; word-break: normal; word-spacing: normal;"> </code></div>

Configure Postfix SMTP Relay (Smart Host) on CentOS 8

Configure Postfix SMTP Relay (Smart Host) on CentOS 8 Postfix is a Mail Transport Agent (MTA), which can be easily configured as a private ...

COPY PUTTY (SSH) SESSIONS TO NEW OR OTHER COMPUTER

COPY PUTTY (SSH) SESSIONS TO NEW/OTHER COMPUTER I’m a huge fan of putty – available for download at: <a href="https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/latest.html" style="border: 0px; color: #24890d; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Download PuTTY: latest release (0.78) (greenend.org.uk)</a><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiw6DmAPtJ_KtkLaWWcNiyFLTjlTgHEIc21VnBrMUjL4BZtlyMXXsjeMU7lBX91pK0N-blwlF02TCDRhaXA2kdojQFqOetYjidlc-nMYXzFoU0oEdkVFLeucqFLMuaSfVlD0vEDBxPMAyvMiUsAvzqiBgxZB5pLGhr-TZEhRWzMV5rTqYtpkVz92M/s1200/PuTTY_Icon_upstream.svg.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1200" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiw6DmAPtJ_KtkLaWWcNiyFLTjlTgHEIc21VnBrMUjL4BZtlyMXXsjeMU7lBX91pK0N-blwlF02TCDRhaXA2kdojQFqOetYjidlc-nMYXzFoU0oEdkVFLeucqFLMuaSfVlD0vEDBxPMAyvMiUsAvzqiBgxZB5pLGhr-TZEhRWzMV5rTqYtpkVz92M/w212-h212/PuTTY_Icon_upstream.svg.png" width="212" /></a></div> Over time, I tend to accumulate a large number of saved “sessions” that I find it useful to either move to a new computer, or save/backup. He<code style="border: 0px; font-family: monospace, serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; hyphens: none; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">regedit /ea c:\Users\mark\dropbox\_mark\puttycopy.reg HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\SimonTatham\PuTTY</code>Copied that puttycopy.reg to the new drive/computer.To add the saved sessions, just double clicked on that .reg file on the new computer.

COPY PUTTY (SSH) SESSIONS TO NEW OR OTHER COMPUTER

COPY PUTTY (SSH) SESSIONS TO NEW/OTHER COMPUTER I’m a huge fan of putty – available for download at: Download PuTTY: latest release (0.7...

How to Enable exec() in PHP-FPM?

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How to Enable exec() in PHP-FPM? 
 
Sometimes the exec() function is not working after turning on the PHP-FPM and in php configuration file we could not find any disable functions. If we turned off the PHP-FPM the exec function is working again. If you are facing such issues, please follow the below steps. 
 
 
 
First, you need to verify the PHP-FPM is enabled on the domain that facing the issue. Please follow the steps. 
 
1) Login to WHM. 
 
2) Navigate to MultiPHP Manager to check whether the domain is using PHP-FPM or not. 
 
3) From that page, you can verify that the domain is using PHP-FPM. 
 
 
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfWqCwz5B8T5Cv_s0Os8aS6S8Hfze3b2pDQxZ-KSWoUHdr8-K2ZUCmebBq7yz1g2ZxS5oFP-IkhveBvoivs6hbvFA5E4t04HJTcecYbb3x3BFul9y-diEmz6p0_P5RFfg6_TSfM4v6bwep/s1600/Function_Enable_CPANEL_hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="612" data-original-width="1068" height="227" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfWqCwz5B8T5Cv_s0Os8aS6S8Hfze3b2pDQxZ-KSWoUHdr8-K2ZUCmebBq7yz1g2ZxS5oFP-IkhveBvoivs6hbvFA5E4t04HJTcecYbb3x3BFul9y-diEmz6p0_P5RFfg6_TSfM4v6bwep/s400/Function_Enable_CPANEL_hackthesec.co.in.png" width="400" /></a></div>
 
 
Now you have verified that PHP-FPM is on the server. So you need to follow the steps to enable exec() in PHP-FPM. 
 
1) Login to server via SSH. 
 
2) Check the PHP version of the server using the below command. 
 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">#php -v</pre>
3) Then open the PHP-FPM configuration file. 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">vi /opt/cpanel/ea-php70/root/etc/php-fpm.d/blah.domain.tld.conf</pre>
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4) Then you will find the exec() function in the disabled function list. 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">php_admin_value[disable_functions] = passthru,shell_exec,system</pre>
5) Remove that from the above line. 
 
 
6) Then restart PHP-FPM using the below command. 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">/scripts/restartsrv_apache_php_fpm</pre>
Now exec() should works. 
 
* You can also do the same by following below steps. 
 
 
1) Create the /var/cpanel/ApachePHPFPM directory using the below command: 
 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">mkdir /var/cpanel/ApachePHPFPM</pre>
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2) Create the /var/cpanel/ApachePHPFPM/system_pool_defaults.yaml file 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">touch /var/cpanel/ApachePHPFPM/system_pool_defaults.yaml</pre>
3) Open the file /var/cpanel/ApachePHPFPM/system_pool_defaults.yaml using your text editor (e.g. vi, nano) : 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">vi /var/cpanel/ApachePHPFPM/system_pool_defaults.yaml</pre>
add the function that you want to disable. 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">php_admin_value_disable_functions : passthru,system</pre>
In this example, "passthru,system" are left as disabled functions. No other lines exist before or after this entry in this file. 
 
 
4) Regenerate the PHP-FPM configuration files via: 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">/scripts/php_fpm_config –rebuild</pre>
Now exec() should works. 
 
 
Thanks 
 
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How to Enable exec() in PHP-FPM?

How to Enable exec() in PHP-FPM? Sometimes the exec() function is not working after turning on the PHP-FPM and in php configuration file ...

How to Install oVirt on CentOS 7

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oVirt is an open-source distributed virtualization solution, designed to manage your entire enterprise infrastructure. oVirt uses the trusted KVM hypervisor and is built upon several other community projects, including libvirt, Gluster, PatternFly, and Ansible. It was founded by Red Hat as a community project on which Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization is based. It allows centralized management of virtual machines, compute, storage and networking resources, from an easy-to-use web-based front-end with platform independent access. KVM on x86-64 and PPC architecture are the only hypervisors supported, but there is an ongoing effort to support ARM architecture in the future releases. . 
 
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For more  about oVirt - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OVirt</div>
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oVirt Engine Packages Installation Process ===========================</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
First, add the oVirt repository on your Centos 7 using below command. </div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">yum install http://resources.ovirt.org/pub/yum-repo/ovirt-release42.rpm</pre>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvY6CRUPsDN1G1CjYjs1AGTNfQQOhv4781aaZascTh4TyZMibZIvHxtiNg5IXxU3m-C7vryrHI1A89SxcoSKdgWYkcMiNfrVTIGaK0iHP23ZCt3fqlw0MQq4tCzD2otHUa7HIJTP2pUGYj/s1600/oVirt_repo_hackthesec.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="495" data-original-width="797" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvY6CRUPsDN1G1CjYjs1AGTNfQQOhv4781aaZascTh4TyZMibZIvHxtiNg5IXxU3m-C7vryrHI1A89SxcoSKdgWYkcMiNfrVTIGaK0iHP23ZCt3fqlw0MQq4tCzD2otHUa7HIJTP2pUGYj/s1600/oVirt_repo_hackthesec.png" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
 </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Now update your centos 7 packages using below command.</div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">yum update -y</pre>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Now, Run the following command to install the ovirt-engine package and dependencies.</div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">yum install ovirt-engine -y</pre>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikRgxvS2fMhi7JVoX3P-NAUnxY5OOgoO2G3gmk23HeZGPUH82y6j_hyphenhyphenHTYoKV5BymScffam9gS09PDY9jbchpwgBAHDug7K7yUTYQcwPp7NVEngG0Bp8LN_6UNJhAwcDzj8f9UoA9-bh2l/s1600/oVirt_install_hackthesec.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="502" data-original-width="801" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikRgxvS2fMhi7JVoX3P-NAUnxY5OOgoO2G3gmk23HeZGPUH82y6j_hyphenhyphenHTYoKV5BymScffam9gS09PDY9jbchpwgBAHDug7K7yUTYQcwPp7NVEngG0Bp8LN_6UNJhAwcDzj8f9UoA9-bh2l/s1600/oVirt_install_hackthesec.png" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Configuring oVirt</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
After complete installation run the engine-setup command for configuration the oVirt Engine. </div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">engine-setup</pre>
<div style="text-align: left;">
 Pres Enter to configure the engine:</div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">[root@hackthesec ~]# engine-setup
[ INFO ] Stage: Initializing
[ INFO ] Stage: Environment setup
 Configuration files: ['/etc/ovirt-engine-setup.conf.d/10-packaging-jboss.conf', '/etc/ovirt-engine-setup.conf.d/10-packaging.conf']
 Log file: /var/log/ovirt-engine/setup/ovirt-engine-setup-20190102113015-mptgj3.log
 Version: otopi-1.7.8 (otopi-1.7.8-1.el7)
[ INFO ] Stage: Environment packages setup
[ INFO ] Stage: Programs detection
[ INFO ] Stage: Environment setup
[ INFO ] Stage: Environment customization

--== PRODUCT OPTIONS ==--

Configure Engine on this host (Yes, No) [Yes]: yes
          Configure ovirt-provider-ovn (Yes, No) [Yes]: yes
          Configure Image I/O Proxy on this host (Yes, No) [Yes]: yes
          Configure WebSocket Proxy on this host (Yes, No) [Yes]: yes

* Please note * : Data Warehouse is required for the engine.
          If you choose to not configure it on this host, you have to configure
          it on a remote host, and then configure the engine on this host so
          that it can access the database of the remote Data Warehouse host.
          Configure Data Warehouse on this host (Yes, No) [Yes]: yes
          Configure VM Console Proxy on this host (Yes, No) [Yes]: yes

--== PACKAGES ==--

[ INFO ] Checking for product updates...
[ INFO ] No product updates found

--== NETWORK CONFIGURATION ==--

Host fully qualified DNS name of this server [hackthesec]:
[WARNING] Host name hackthesec has no domain suffix
[WARNING] Failed to resolve hackthesec using DNS, it can be resolved only locally
[WARNING] Host name hackthesec has no domain suffix
[WARNING] Host name hackthesec has no domain suffix
[WARNING] Host name hackthesec has no domain suffix

--== DATABASE CONFIGURATION ==--

Where is the DWH database located? (Local, Remote) [Local]:
          Setup can configure the local postgresql server automatically for the DWH to run. This may conflict with existing applications.
          Would you like Setup to automatically configure postgresql and create DWH database, or prefer to perform that manually? (Automatic, Manual) [Automatic]:
          Where is the Engine database located? (Local, Remote) [Local]:
          Setup can configure the local postgresql server automatically for the engine to run. This may conflict with existing applications.
          Would you like Setup to automatically configure postgresql and create Engine database, or prefer to perform that manually? (Automatic, Manual) [Automatic]:

--== OVIRT ENGINE CONFIGURATION ==--

Engine admin password:
          Confirm engine admin password:
[WARNING] Password is weak: it is too short
          Use weak password? (Yes, No) [No]: yes
          Application mode (Virt, Gluster, Both) [Both]: Both
          Use default credentials (admin@internal) for ovirt-provider-ovn (Yes, No) [Yes]: yes

--== STORAGE CONFIGURATION ==--

Default SAN wipe after delete (Yes, No) [No]: No

--== PKI CONFIGURATION ==--

Organization name for certificate [Test]:

--== APACHE CONFIGURATION ==--

Setup can configure the default page of the web server to present the application home page. This may conflict with existing applications.
          Do you wish to set the application as the default page of the web server? (Yes, No) [Yes]: yes
          Setup can configure apache to use SSL using a certificate issued from the internal CA.
          Do you wish Setup to configure that, or prefer to perform that manually? (Automatic, Manual) [Automatic]:

--== SYSTEM CONFIGURATION ==--

--== MISC CONFIGURATION ==--

Please choose Data Warehouse sampling scale:
          (1) Basic
          (2) Full
          (1, 2)[1]: 1

--== END OF CONFIGURATION ==--

[ INFO ] Stage: Setup validation
[WARNING] Warning: Not enough memory is available on the host. Minimum requirement is 4096MB, and 16384MB is recommended.
 Do you want Setup to continue, with amount of memory less than recommended? (Yes, No) [No]: yes

--== CONFIGURATION PREVIEW ==--

Application mode                        : both
          Default SAN wipe after delete           : False
          Update Firewall                         : False
          Host FQDN                               : hackthesec
          Configure local Engine database         : True
          Set application as default page         : True
          Configure Apache SSL                    : True
          Engine database secured connection      : False
          Engine database user name               : engine
          Engine database name                    : engine
          Engine database host                    : localhost
          Engine database port                    : 5432
          Engine database host name validation    : False
          Engine installation                     : True
          PKI organization                        : Test
          Set up ovirt-provider-ovn               : True
          Configure WebSocket Proxy               : True
          DWH installation                        : True
          DWH database host                       : localhost
          DWH database port                       : 5432
          Configure local DWH database            : True
          Configure Image I/O Proxy               : True
          Configure VMConsole Proxy               : True

Please confirm installation settings (OK, Cancel) [OK]: OK
[ INFO ] Stage: Transaction setup
[ INFO ] Stopping engine service
[ INFO ] Stopping ovirt-fence-kdump-listener service
[ INFO ] Stopping dwh service
[ INFO ] Stopping Image I/O Proxy service
[ INFO ] Stopping vmconsole-proxy service
[ INFO ] Stopping websocket-proxy service
[ INFO ] Stage: Misc configuration
[ INFO ] Stage: Package installation
[ INFO ] Stage: Misc configuration
[ INFO ] Upgrading CA
[ INFO ] Initializing PostgreSQL
[ INFO ] Creating PostgreSQL 'engine' database
[ INFO ] Configuring PostgreSQL
[ INFO ] Creating PostgreSQL 'ovirt_engine_history' database
[ INFO ] Configuring PostgreSQL
[ INFO ] Creating CA
[ INFO ] Creating/refreshing DWH database schema
[ INFO ] Configuring Image I/O Proxy
[ INFO ] Setting up ovirt-vmconsole proxy helper PKI artifacts
[ INFO ] Setting up ovirt-vmconsole SSH PKI artifacts
[ INFO ] Configuring WebSocket Proxy
[ INFO ] Creating/refreshing Engine database schema
[ INFO ] Creating/refreshing Engine 'internal' domain database schema
[ INFO ] Creating default mac pool range
[ INFO ] Adding default OVN provider to database
[ INFO ] Adding OVN provider secret to database
[ INFO ] Setting a password for internal user admin
[ INFO ] Generating post install configuration file '/etc/ovirt-engine-setup.conf.d/20-setup-ovirt-post.conf'
[ INFO ] Stage: Transaction commit
[ INFO ] Stage: Closing up
[ INFO ] Starting engine service
[ INFO ] Starting dwh service
[ INFO ] Restarting ovirt-vmconsole proxy service

--== SUMMARY ==--

[ INFO ] Restarting httpd
 In order to configure firewalld, copy the files from
 /etc/ovirt-engine/firewalld to /etc/firewalld/services
 and execute the following commands:
 firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service ovirt-postgres
 firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service ovirt-https
 firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service ovn-central-firewall-service
 firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service ovirt-fence-kdump-listener
 firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service ovirt-imageio-proxy
 firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service ovirt-websocket-proxy
 firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service ovirt-http
 firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service ovirt-vmconsole-proxy
 firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service ovirt-provider-ovn
 firewall-cmd --reload
 The following network ports should be opened:
 tcp:2222
 tcp:35357
 tcp:443
 tcp:5432
 tcp:54323
 tcp:6100
 tcp:6641
 tcp:6642
 tcp:80
 tcp:9696
 udp:7410
 An example of the required configuration for iptables can be found at:
 /etc/ovirt-engine/iptables.example
 Please use the user 'admin@internal' and password specified in order to login
 Web access is enabled at:
 http://hackthesec:80/ovirt-engine
 https://hackthesec:443/ovirt-engine
 Internal CA 18:E6:C2:E8:91:62:B1:66:96:6A:89:0F:2E:E7:BF:01:10:C8:D61
 SSH fingerprint: SHA256:sMTFaRt94ic/+LT3ASGtj4Fla3qK7zSNSEXbvgkzObI
[WARNING] Warning: Not enough memory is available on the host. Minimum requirement is 4096MB, and 16384MB is recommended.

--== END OF SUMMARY ==--

[ INFO ] Stage: Clean up
 Log file is located at /var/log/ovirt-engine/setup/ovirt-engine-setup-20190102113015-mptgj3.log
[ INFO ] Generating answer file '/var/lib/ovirt-engine/setup/answers/20190102113350-setup.conf'
[ INFO ] Stage: Pre-termination
[ INFO ] Stage: Termination
[ INFO ] Execution of setup completed successfully
[root@hackthesec ~]#
</pre>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Configure firewall </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
For access the oVirt web based management interface you have to open HTTP and HTTPS ports using below commands.</div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">[root@hackthesec ~]# firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent</pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">[root@hackthesec ~]# firewall-cmd --add-service=https --permanent</pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">[root@hackthesec ~]# firewall-cmd --reload </pre>
<div style="text-align: left;">
 </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Now You Can Access oVirt Management Interface using your Ip address - https://192.168.1.1 or https://ovirt.hackthesec.co.in</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb4fnxpyOJ3YWtRQjx4pUhTFCiv_eWrgaS7QYkOlEGl8m6CnI1L5bwPeBzpq2lYwSDLj-nm94V-xNVvio36lkMUAOZMZkX8VqBu_O8GtOYRPVzNQksjDOtd4_hog0ZDJXMGmlQVhDESglL/s1600/adminportal_dashboard.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="762" data-original-width="1600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb4fnxpyOJ3YWtRQjx4pUhTFCiv_eWrgaS7QYkOlEGl8m6CnI1L5bwPeBzpq2lYwSDLj-nm94V-xNVvio36lkMUAOZMZkX8VqBu_O8GtOYRPVzNQksjDOtd4_hog0ZDJXMGmlQVhDESglL/s1600/adminportal_dashboard.png" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Thanks, Hack The Sec</div>
</div>

How to Install oVirt on CentOS 7

oVirt is an open-source distributed virtualization solution, designed to manage your entire enterprise infrastructure. oVirt uses the trust...

How to Monitor Server Logs in Real-Time with "Log.io"

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "geneva" , sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"> 
<div style="background-color: white; orphans: 2; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; widows: 2;">
Monitor Server Logs in Real-Time with "Log.io"</div>
<div style="background-color: white; orphans: 2; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; widows: 2;">
 </div>
Log.io is a small application build on Node.js and Socket.io for monitoring real time Linux server logs through web interface. 
 
On RHEL/CentOS 7 
 
Install Epel repositories using the following command. 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">yum install http://fedora.mirrors.telekom.ro/pub/epel/7/x86_64/e/epel-release-7-2.noarch.rpm</pre>
On RHEL/CentOS 6 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">--------------------- On RHEL/CentOS 6.x - 32 Bit ---------------------
yum install http://fedora.mirrors.telekom.ro/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm</pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">--------------------- On RHEL/CentOS 6.x - 64 Bit ---------------------
yum install http://fedora.mirrors.telekom.ro/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm</pre>
After added the Epel repositories you can do a system upgrade by using following command line. 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">yum update</pre>
Now Install Node.js and NPM 
 
<a href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Node.Js">Node.js</a> is an open-source, cross-platform JavaScript run-time environment that executes <a href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Java">JavaScript </a>code server-side. Historically, JavaScript was used primarily for client-side scripting, in which scripts written in JavaScript are embedded in a webpage's HTML and run client-side by a JavaScript engine in the user's web browser. Node.js lets developers use JavaScript for server-side scripting—running scripts server-side to produce dynamic web page content before the page is sent to the user's web browser. Consequently, Node.js represents a "<a href="https://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Java">JavaScript </a>everywhere" paradigm, unifying web application development around a single programming language, rather than different languages for server side and client side scripts.now install the nodejs using following command line. 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">curl --silent --location https://rpm.nodesource.com/setup_5.x | bash - 
yum install -y nodejs</pre>
Install and Configure Log.io Application 
Log.io application must be installed through NPM by specifying a valid local system user ( example - root) i recommend install this application through root user. now install the application using following command. 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">npm install -g log.io --user "root"</pre>
after the completed installation the application will create a folder which is hidden the folder name is "Log.io" in centos 7 the folder path is below 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">cd /root/.log.io
ls</pre>
after that you will see three file 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">harvester.conf, log_server.conf, web_server.conf  </pre>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuP1qRoNyiMnsgPnB-Ow6c5I1pgSS7YbymMqLT9Wj7uLnpBPeeEM8TDIfY81JpkCPL2ZaAu-rTcQ576SeX0QmR4eD8Qht30I1bvvCa7ujwrTOm3Kol2z99Ez0ubbbawS7nslknCIE5WL6Y/s1600/Log-io-hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="227" data-original-width="620" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuP1qRoNyiMnsgPnB-Ow6c5I1pgSS7YbymMqLT9Wj7uLnpBPeeEM8TDIfY81JpkCPL2ZaAu-rTcQ576SeX0QmR4eD8Qht30I1bvvCa7ujwrTOm3Kol2z99Ez0ubbbawS7nslknCIE5WL6Y/s1600/Log-io-hackthesec.co.in.jpg" /></a></div>
 
Now it's time to configure Log.io to monitor local log files in real time. 
 
- The harvester file is for watches the changes in specified local log files declared in its configuration and send new log to the server. - harvester.conf 
 
First open the harvester.conf file, by default you will see have some setting the monitor Apache log  
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">nano harvester.conf</pre>
my harvester.conf file below 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">exports.config = {
 nodeName: "application_server",
 logStreams: {
 apache: [
 "/var/log/httpd/access_log",
 "/var/log/httpd/error_log"
 ],
 SecureLog: [
 "/var/log/secure"
 ],
 MySqlLog: [
 "/var/log/mysqld.log"
 ]
 },
 server: {
 host: '0.0.0.0',
 port: 28777
 }
 }
</pre>
<div>
Note - if you don't want to send the harvester output to a remote Log.io server then open harvester.conf file and replace 0.0.0.0 address with lookback address(127.0.0.1)</div>
<div>
 </div>
<div>
log_server.conf - This configuration is for tell the server on which ip address it should listen.By default it listens on all ip interfaces you can modify the ip address by using the following command </div>
<div>
 </div>
<div>
my log_server.conf file below</div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">nano log_server.conf</pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">exports.config = {
 host: '0.0.0.0',
 port: 28777
}</pre>
web_server.conf - This configuration file is for web interface. by default the web portal is accessible on port 28778(all interface). Also using this file you can increase the security by using HTTP authentication,securing the web interface with SSL, disallow logs from specific ip address and restricting the web interface access to the specific ip.  
 
my web_server.conf file below 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">nano web_server.conf</pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"> exports.config = {
 host: '0.0.0.0',
 port: 28778,

/*
  // Enable HTTP Basic Authentication
  auth: {
    user: "hackthesec",
    pass: "1234346"
  },
  */

/*
  // Enable HTTPS/SSL
  ssl: {
    key: '/path/to/privatekey.pem',
    cert: '/path/to/certificate.pem'
  },
  */

/*
  // Restrict access to websocket (socket.io)
  // Uses socket.io 'origins' syntax
  restrictSocket: '*:*',
  */

/*
  // Restrict access to http server (express)
  restrictHTTP: [
    "192.168.29.39",
    "10.0.*"
  ]
  */

}
</pre>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja29JCqUHeUn2NHEHOZPAz59BnbBqvH3fk7jLffTc6NfIrsZ2eXbW6k6odmEELRQnzsSYyYHmTCJgLLGpaJvJaVseDE2kx86B840v4Hpx8zI_xT6YAkttZmW3ntQSp1X3-Qn_juaETMJmb/s1600/web_server_hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="638" data-original-width="772" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja29JCqUHeUn2NHEHOZPAz59BnbBqvH3fk7jLffTc6NfIrsZ2eXbW6k6odmEELRQnzsSYyYHmTCJgLLGpaJvJaVseDE2kx86B840v4Hpx8zI_xT6YAkttZmW3ntQSp1X3-Qn_juaETMJmb/s1600/web_server_hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
<div>
 </div>
<div>
Allow web interface and socket.io in the firewall for receiving the logs from the harvester.</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">firewall-cmd --add-port=28778/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --add-port=28777/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload</pre>
</div>
<div>
 </div>
Start Log.io Application using following command line  
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">------ First start server in background ----
log.io-server &</pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">--- Start log harvester in background -----
log.io-harvester & </pre>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRldk28y5_z1TiM28OKiNFnAcKxevfA2ntXReBPpbCg6bg4NIXAgA2qujEtdylCIxukUPN72GkGaxgalxkIKU-2UFF9D3p6UKpnmhcQ4D2OrvioPhymeb_WW3ykaQtfrSA-uQyXmzAGIWW/s1600/Start-Log-io_hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="241" data-original-width="447" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRldk28y5_z1TiM28OKiNFnAcKxevfA2ntXReBPpbCg6bg4NIXAgA2qujEtdylCIxukUPN72GkGaxgalxkIKU-2UFF9D3p6UKpnmhcQ4D2OrvioPhymeb_WW3ykaQtfrSA-uQyXmzAGIWW/s1600/Start-Log-io_hackthesec.co.in.jpg" /></a></div>
 
After the server has been started open your browser and hit enter with your ip and the declared  port 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">example - http://192.168.2.253:28778</pre>
 
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBdovh_DU52bpmFN5i3ZAgRhx0sHrL3a1TimO9sLlJnCodSv0oAXXg4lhB_kStNf-kJCGmpbgMXHf-Q7KaG8P-ljSgpUteKiK-t6RoFeJa614ZivaHhUJFU8uPxy12Hx2NMCJ3YTwpoBHk/s1600/screen_detail.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="435" data-original-width="960" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBdovh_DU52bpmFN5i3ZAgRhx0sHrL3a1TimO9sLlJnCodSv0oAXXg4lhB_kStNf-kJCGmpbgMXHf-Q7KaG8P-ljSgpUteKiK-t6RoFeJa614ZivaHhUJFU8uPxy12Hx2NMCJ3YTwpoBHk/s1600/screen_detail.jpg" /></a></div>
 
To stop Log.io application run the following command. 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">pkill node</pre>
Log.io = https://github.com/NarrativeScience/Log.io 
http://logio.org/</div>

How to Monitor Server Logs in Real-Time with "Log.io"

Monitor Server Logs in Real-Time with "Log.io" Log.io is a small application build on Node.js and Socket.io for monitoring r...

How to install Kali Linux on the Windows

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<div style="text-align: center;">
Kali-Linux On Windows</div>
No, really…this isn't clickbait. For the past few weeks, we’ve been working with the Microsoft WSL team to get Kali Linux introduced into the Microsoft App Store as an official WSL distribution and today we’re happy to <a href="https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/commandline/2018/03/05/kali-linux-for-wsl/" style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">announce </a>the availability of the "Kali Linux" Windows application. For Windows 10 users, this means you can simply enable WSL, <a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/store/p/kali-linux/9pkr34tncv07" style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">search for Kali</a> in the Windows store, and install it with a single click. This is especially exciting news for penetration testers and security professionals who have limited toolsets due to enterprise compliance standards. 
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9xYpiTa8ZfnbBhjjAIX2qo6e8J8vN6eyKuLPIJahICG9MD3BTioT5QLiO0lmreER2-0sfWQOXQP1r8q4D61DUBU4FGK0FUOky-6d6Qdc2qv9TzcVfb6-32Qb54egR3IK-VQtRW41GVdI/s1600/kali-windows-app-2018-hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="284" data-original-width="798" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9xYpiTa8ZfnbBhjjAIX2qo6e8J8vN6eyKuLPIJahICG9MD3BTioT5QLiO0lmreER2-0sfWQOXQP1r8q4D61DUBU4FGK0FUOky-6d6Qdc2qv9TzcVfb6-32Qb54egR3IK-VQtRW41GVdI/s1600/kali-windows-app-2018-hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
 
While running Kali on Windows has a few drawbacks to running it natively (such as the lack of raw socket support), it does bring in some very interesting possibilities, such as extending your security toolkit to include a whole bunch of command line tools that are present in Kali. We will update our blog with more news and updates regarding the development of this app as it’s released. 
 
We’d like to take this opportunity to thank the WSL team at Microsoft, and specifically @tara_msft and @benhillis for all the assistance and guidance with which this feat would not be possible. We hope you enjoy WSL’d Kali on Windows 10! 
 
 
And now, a quick guide on getting Kali installed from the Microsoft App Store: 
 
Getting Kali Linux Installed on WSL 
 
Here’s a quick description of the setup and installation process. For an easier copy / paste operation, these are the basic steps taken: 
 
 
1. Update your Windows 10 machine. Open an administrative PowerShell window and install the Windows Subsystem with this one-liner. A reboot will be required once finished. 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux</pre>
<div>
 </div>
2. Once rebooted, open the Windows App store and search for the "Kali Linux" application, or alternatively click here to go there directly. Install the app and enjoy Kali! 
Updating Kali Linux on WSL 
 
 
Updating Kali Linux on WSL is no different from any other instance of Kali: 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">apt-get update
apt-get dist-upgrade</pre>
Here’s a quick video of the process: 
 
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" mozallowfullscreen="" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/258822932?portrait=0&color=00adef" style="border-style: none; border-width: initial; box-sizing: border-box; height: 448.875px; left: 0px; max-width: 100%; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 798px;" webkitallowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>
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Installing Penetration Testing tools on Kali</div>
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Installing tools from the Kali Linux repository is usually done via apt commands. For example, to install the Metasploit Framework, you can simply:</div>
<div class="vc_empty_space" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; height: 32px;">
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">apt-get update
apt-get install metasploit-framework</pre>
</div>
 
 
Note: Some Kali tools are identified by antivirus software as malware. One way to deal with this situation is to allow antivirus exceptions on the directory in which the Kali chroot resides in. The following video walks you through this process: 
 
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" mozallowfullscreen="" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/258892544?portrait=0&color=00adef" style="border-style: none; border-width: initial; box-sizing: border-box; height: 448.875px; left: 0px; max-width: 100%; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 798px;" webkitallowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>
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Recovering from a failed Kali WSL instance</div>
Sometimes, you can inadvertently kill your Kali WSL instance, due to an overzealous command, an unintentional action, or even due to Kali or WSL bugs. If this happens, here is a quick recovery guide to get back on top of things. Note: this process will wipe your Kali WSL chroot, and re-extract a new copy. Any changes made to the filesystem will be gone, and reset to default. 
 
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" mozallowfullscreen="" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/258835347?portrait=0&color=00adef" style="border-style: none; border-width: initial; box-sizing: border-box; height: 448.875px; left: 0px; max-width: 100%; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 798px;" webkitallowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>
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 </div>
Food for thought 
 
The availability of the Kali Linux platform and toolset on Windows 10 brings with it many exciting possibilities which we havent even begun to grasp – here’s one example that got us scratching our heads. While not officially supported by WSL yet, we’ve tested running a desktop manager such as XFCE on WSL’d Kali…and it seems to work quite well: 
 
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" mozallowfullscreen="" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/255052199?portrait=0&color=00adef" style="border-style: none; border-width: initial; box-sizing: border-box; height: 448.875px; left: 0px; max-width: 100%; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 798px;" webkitallowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>
</div>
 
 
Main Source - <a href="https://www.kali.org/news/kali-linux-in-the-windows-app-store/">https://www.kali.org/news/kali-linux-in-the-windows-app-store/</a> 
 </div>

How to install Kali Linux on the Windows

Kali-Linux On Windows No, really…this isn't clickbait. For the past few weeks, we’ve been working with the Microsoft WSL team to get ...

How to find files containing specific text in Linux

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Find files containing specific text in Linux</div>
 
Find files containing specific text using grep command 
grep is a command-line utility for searching plain-text data sets for lines that match a regular expression. Its name comes from the ed command g/re/p (globally search a regular expression and print), which has the same effect: doing a global search with the regular expression and printing all matching lines. Grep was originally developed for the Unix operating system, but later available for all Unix-like systems. 
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmSfa5gfpg7IHq5mo4T7SHu_Cl3baveLg-xsoRu3kxODgKyT2LN2J7nwZThgySbn7tR5rogvXIbYnjg4nDea8sLQazM9oEpGHniruu0_fTDG58SasIVf0NZWEmjyQ9w9UtlcmquEhNQRA/s1600/find-command-in-linux-hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="256" data-original-width="512" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmSfa5gfpg7IHq5mo4T7SHu_Cl3baveLg-xsoRu3kxODgKyT2LN2J7nwZThgySbn7tR5rogvXIbYnjg4nDea8sLQazM9oEpGHniruu0_fTDG58SasIVf0NZWEmjyQ9w9UtlcmquEhNQRA/s1600/find-command-in-linux-hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
 
grep command syntax 
 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">grep "text string to search” directory-path</pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">grep [option] "text string to search” directory-path</pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">grep -r "text string to search” directory-path</pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">grep -r -H "text string to search” directory-path</pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">egrep -R "word-1|word-2” directory-path</pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">egrep -w -R "word-1|word-2” directory-path</pre>
<div>
Find files containing specific text using grep command examples</div>
<div>
 </div>
<div>
In this example, we will search for 'PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START' in all configuration files located in /etc directory.</div>
<div>
 </div>
<div>
Now there's a small problem, depending on your Linux distro, Find command Syntax can be slightly different.</div>
<div>
 </div>
<div>
*If you know the exact location and directory you're after, then use</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">root@hackthesec:~# grep "PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" /etc/default/pulseaudio 
PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=1
</pre>
<div>
*If you know the exact directory with the files containing that specific text, then use</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">root@hackthesec:~# grep "PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" /etc/default/*
grep: /etc/default/kdm.d: Is a directory
/etc/default/pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=1
root@hackthesec:~#
</pre>
<div>
If you don't know the exact location of the file that contains the specific text you’re looking for, then you need to search all sub-directories recursively.</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">root@hackthesec:~# grep -r "PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" /etc/default/*
/etc/default/pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=1
root@hackthesec:~#</pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">root@hackthesec:~# grep -R "PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" /etc/default/*
/etc/default/pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=1
root@hackthesec:~#</pre>
</div>
<div>
Now what if you are searching through a massive file and there might be many outputs similar to what you’re looking for.. you might want to use --col flag to color code your output which searching files containing specific strings.</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">root@hackthesec:~# grep --col 'usb 1-1.4' /var/log/messages
Apr 4 09:14:25 kali kernel: [1191164.780496] usb 1-1.4: new low-speed USB device number 21 using ehci-pci
root@hackthesec:~#</pre>
</div>
<div>
Now I want to display all files with colorer output with containing specific text and instead of showing the whole content of the files</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">root@hackthesec:~# grep --col -r 'Linux version 3.14-kali1' /var/log/* | cut -d: -f1
/var/log/dmesg
/var/log/dmesg.0
/var/log/installer/syslog
root@hackthesec:~#</pre>
</div>
<div>
<div>
When you're using grep, depending on the commands used and permission you have on the system, you might see any of the following errors.</div>
<div>
 </div>
<div>
* Input/output error</div>
<div>
* recursive directory loop</div>
<div>
* No such file or directory</div>
<div>
* No such device or address</div>
<div>
* Permission denied</div>
<div>
 </div>
<div>
If you want to hide all errors or warning message spamming your output window(specifically useful when you're trying to use grep on a script) generated by the grep command, append 2>/dev/null to grep command. This will send and hide unwanted output to /dev/null device:</div>
</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">root@hackthesec:~# grep -R "PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" /etc/* 2>/dev/null 
/etc/default/pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=1
/etc/init.d/pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=0
/etc/init.d/pulseaudio:if [ "$PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" != "1" ]; then
/etc/rc0.d/K01pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=0
/etc/rc0.d/K01pulseaudio:if [ "$PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" != "1" ]; then
/etc/rc1.d/K01pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=0
/etc/rc1.d/K01pulseaudio:if [ "$PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" != "1" ]; then
/etc/rc2.d/S20pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=0
/etc/rc2.d/S20pulseaudio:if [ "$PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" != "1" ]; then
/etc/rc3.d/S20pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=0
/etc/rc3.d/S20pulseaudio:if [ "$PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" != "1" ]; then
/etc/rc4.d/S20pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=0
/etc/rc4.d/S20pulseaudio:if [ "$PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" != "1" ]; then
/etc/rc5.d/S20pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=0
/etc/rc5.d/S20pulseaudio:if [ "$PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" != "1" ]; then
/etc/rc6.d/K01pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=0
/etc/rc6.d/K01pulseaudio:if [ "$PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" != "1" ]; then
root@hackthesec:~#</pre>
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What if you're not sure about the case of the text you're after? You can use -i to ignore case.</div>
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Below example shows the difference between -i flag. First command didn’t find the text, second command did as we used -i flag to ignore case.</div>
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<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">root@hackthesec:~# grep -r "pulseaudio_system_start" /etc/default/*
root@hackthesec:~# 
root@hackthesec:~# grep -i -r "pulseaudio_system_start" /etc/default/*
/etc/default/pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=1
root@hackthesec:~#</pre>
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I always prefer using grep command with -r and --col flag in Debian Linux as -r complains less about permissions, files, directory etc. and of course some color helps on the eyes when you’re browsing through many lines.</div>
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<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">HackTheSec</a></div>
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How to find files containing specific text in Linux

Find files containing specific text in Linux Find files containing specific text using grep command grep is a command-line utility for ...